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L'Oréal

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"Loreal" redirects here. For its useas an adjective,seeLore (anatomy)andFolklore.

L'Oréal S.A.
Company typePublic
Euronext Paris:OR
CAC 40component
ISINFR0000120321
IndustryConsumer goods
Founded30 July 1909;115 years ago(1909-07-30)
FounderEugène Schueller
Headquarters
Clichy
,
France
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease€41.18 billion (2023)[1]
Increase€8.14 billion (2023)[1]
Increase€6.18 billion (2023)[1]
Total assetsIncrease€51.85 billion (2023)[1]
Total equityIncrease€29.08 billion (2023)[1]
Number of employees
88,000 (2019)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.loreal.com

L'Oréal S.A.(French:[lɔʁe.al]) is a French multinationalpersonal carecompany headquartered inClichy,Hauts-de-Seine,[2]with a registered office inParis.[3]As of 2018, it was the world's largestcosmeticscompany and has developed activities in the field, concentrating onhair color,skin care,sun protection,make-up,perfume,andhair care.[4]

History

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Founding

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In the early 20th century,Eugène Paul Louis Schueller(1881–1957), a youngFrenchchemist,developed ahair dyeformula calledOréale.Schueller formulated and manufactured his own products, which he sold toParisianhairdressers.[5][6]On 31 July 1909, Schueller registered his company,[7]the Société Française de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (Safe Hair Dye Company of France). The company eventually became L'Oréal. In 1920, the company employed three chemists; the number of employees continued to grow with 100 by the year 1950, and 1,000 by the year 1984; as recently as 2021, there was an estimated total of 85,252 worldwide.[8]

L'Oréal got its start in the hair-color business, but the company soon branched out into other cleansing and beauty products. As of 2020, L'Oréal markets in all sectors of the beauty business: hair color, permanents,hair styling,body and skincare, cleansers, makeup, and fragrance. The company's products are found in a wide variety of outlets, from hair salons and perfumeries to supermarkets, health/beauty outlets, pharmacies, and direct mail.[5][6]

Recent History

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In 2017,Liliane Bettencourtthe daughter of the founder of L'Oréal, died and left the business to her daughter,Françoise Bettencourt Meyers.[5]

Media

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In 1988–89, L'Oréal controlled the film companyParavision International,whose properties included theFilmationandDe Laurentiislibraries.StudioCanalacquired the Paravision properties in 1994.[citation needed]

Acquisitions

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As of 2022, L'Oréal owned 36 brands. As of October 4, 2021, the company registered 497 patents.[9]

L'Oréal purchased Synthélabo in 1973 to pursue its ambitions in the pharmaceutical field. Synthélabo merged withSanofiin 1999 to becomeSanofi-Synthélabo.Sanofi-Synthélabo merged withAventisin 2004 to becomeSanofi-Aventis.[10]

On 17 March 2006, L'Oréal purchased cosmetics companyThe Body Shopfor£562 million.[11]

In May 2008, L'Oréal acquired YSL Beauté for $1.8 billion.[12]

In January 2014, L'Oréal finalized the acquisition of majorChinesebeauty brand Magic Holdings for $840 million.[13]

In February 2014, L'Oréal agreed to buy back 8% of its shares for €3.4bn fromNestlé.As a result, Nestlé's stake in L'Oréal was reduced from 29.4% to 23.29%, while the Bettencourt Meyers family's stake increased from 30.6% to 33.2%. Nestlé has owned a stake in L'Oréal since 1974, when it bought into the company at the request ofLiliane Bettencourt,the daughter of the founder of L'Oréal, who was trying to prevent French state intervention.[14]

In February 2014,Shiseidoagreed to sell its Carita and Decléor brands to L'Oréal for €227.5 million (US$312.93 million (2014)).[15]

In June 2014, L'Oréal agreed to acquireNYX Cosmeticsfor an undisclosed price, bolstering its makeup offerings inNorth America,where its consumer-products unit has faltered.[16]

In September 2014, L'Oréal announced it had agreed to purchase Brazilian hair care company Niely Cosmeticos Group for an undisclosed amount.[17]

In September 2014, L'Oréal acquired the multi-cultural brand Carol's Daughter.[18]

In July 2016, L'Oréal agreed to acquire IT Cosmetics for $1.2 billion.[19]

In March 2018, L'Oréal acquired the beauty augmented reality company ModiFace.[20]

In May 2018, L'Oréal announced a new beauty and fragrance partnership withValentino.[21]

In December 2020, L'Oréal announced signing of an agreement for the acquisition of Takami Co, a Japanese company that markets the premium skincare brand Takami, particularly famous for its iconic product, the Skin Peel pre-serum.[22]

In December 2021, L'Oréal announced the acquisition of the vegan skincare brand Youth to the People.[23][24]

In April 2023, L'Oréal purchased Australian luxury cosmetics brandAesopforUS$2.53 billion.[25][26][27]In August 2023, it was announced the acquisition had been completed.[28]

In December 2023, L'Oréal announced its acquisition of the Danish research company Lactobio.[29][30]

In January 2024, L’Oréal announced its acquisition of Gjosa, a Swiss Pioneering Water Conservation Tech Startup.[31][32]

In February 2024, L’Oréal announced its signing of a long-term global licensing agreement for the creation, development and distribution of luxury beauty products by the Italian brandMiu Miu.[33][34]

Marketing

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In Kosovo, during the growth years of the mail-order business, L'Oréal and3 Suissesfounded Le Club des Créateurs de Beauté for mail-order sales of cosmetic products, with brands including Agnès b., Commence and Professeur Christine Poelman among others. In March 2008, L'Oréal acquired 3 Suisse's stake, taking sole control of the company.[35]In November 2013, L'Oréal announced that Le Club des Créateurs de Beauté would cease activity in the first half of 2014.[36]

Since 1997, L'Oréal has been an official partner ofThe Cannes Film Festival.[37]In the years of L'Oréal sponsorship, many L'Oréal beauty ambassadors walked the red carpet of theCannes Film Festival.In 2017, L'Oréal beauty ambassadors, includingJulianne Moore,Susan Sarandon,Andie MacDowell,andEva Longoria,were responsible for the film selection for the outdoor cinema during the Cannes Film Festival.[38]

L'Oréal'sadvertising slogan,"Because I'm worth it", was created by a 23-year-old English art director and introduced in 1973 by the model and actress Joanne Dusseau.[39]In the mid-2000s, this was replaced by "Because you're worth it". In late-2009, the slogan was changed again to "Because we're worth it".[40][41]

In November 2012, L'Oréal inaugurated the largest factory in theJababeka Industrial Park, Cikarang,Indonesia, with a total investment of US$100 million.[42]The production will be absorbed 25 percent by the domestic market and the rest will be exported. In 2010, significant growth occurred in Indonesia with a 61 percent increase of unit sales or 28 percent of net sales.[43]

In November 2020,chief digital officerLubomira Rochet reported in a video conference of the growing importance of e-commerce for the company, remarking that e-commerce makes 24% of their turnover in the third quarter of the year. Rochet stated as well that this 24% of the turnover "made it possible to offset 50% of the losses due to the closing of physical stores this year".[44]

Corporate affairs

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Head office

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L'Oréal Group has its head office in the CentreEugène SchuellerinClichy, Hauts-de-Seine,close toParis.[45]The building, constructed in the 1970s from brick and steel, replaced the former Monsavon factory, and employees moved into the facility in 1978. 1,400 employees work in the building.[46]In 2005, Nils Klawitter ofDer Spiegelsaid "the building, with its brown glazed façade of windows, is every bit as ugly as its neighbourhood." Klawitter added that the facility "gives the impression of a high-security zone" due to theCCTVcameras and security equipment.[47]

International units include:

Research and development facilities

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L'Oréal has 21 worldwide research and development centers: three global centers inFrance:Aulnay,Chevillyand Saint-Ouen. Six regional poles include one in theUnited States:Clark,New Jersey;one inJapan:Kawasaki,Kanagawa Prefecture;in 2005, one was established inShanghai,China,another inIndia:Mumbai,one other regional pole inBrazil:Rio de Janeiroand, lastly, another was established inSouth Africa:Johannesburg.[51]

Corporate governance

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Jean-Paul Agonis thechairmanandNicolas Hieronimusthechief executive officerof L'Oréal.[52][53]Françoise Bettencourt MeyersandPaul Bulckeare vice chairmen of theboard of directors.[53]

Stockholders

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As of 31 December 2023:[54]

  • Breakdown of share ownership: 34.73% by theBettencourtfamily, 30.7% by international institutional investors, 20.13% byNestlé,6.63% by French institutional investors, 5.92% by individual shareholders, 1.89% by employees.

Business figures

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Countries with L'Oréal products available
Financial data in € billions[55]
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Revenue 22.977 22.532 25.257 25.837 26.024 26.937 29.874 27.992 32.288 38.261 41.183
Net Income 2.958 4.910 3.297 3.106 3.586 3.895 3.750 3.563 4.597 5.707 6.184
Assets 31.298 32.063 33.711 35.630 35.339 38.458 43.810 43.607 43.013 46.844 51.855
Employees 77,452 78,611 82,881 89,331 82,606 86,030 87,974 85,392 85,412 87,264

Joint ventures and minority interests

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L'Oréal holds 10.41% of the shares ofSanofi-Aventis,the world's number three and Europe's number one pharmaceutical company. TheLaboratoires Innéovis ajoint venturein nutritional cosmetics between L'Oréal andNestlé;they draw on Nestlé's knowledge in the fields ofnutritionandfood safety.

Corporate social responsibility

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Position on animal testing

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L'Oréal has many products which are tested on animals.

Since the 1980s, L'Oréal has invested €900 million in researchingalternatives to animal testingfor product safety, using methods such as reconstructed skin models, such as the Episkin model[56]at their research centres in Gerland, France, andPudong,China.[57]

Nevertheless, this is complicated by markets such as China,[58]where it is difficult to sell a beauty product without animal testing.[59]Cosmetics by brands such asThe Body Shop,which refuse to doanimal testing,are thus not sold in China.

In 2013, L'Oréal was part of a consortium calling on the EU to invest more in research on alternatives to animal testing.[60]

Promoting new methods for plastic recycling

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In 2020, L'Oreal announced a cooperation with French biochemistry pioneerCarbios,aiming to establish a method of dissolving plastic waste by using enzymes.[61]

Ukraine war

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In 2022, L’Oréal Paris donated €1 million ($1.09 million) to charities supporting refugees from the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[62]L’Oréal Paris also suspended all commercial activity in Russia, both retail and wholesale.[63]

After the suspension, L'Oreal increased cooperation with other sites, including sanctioned ones. The company officially works in Crimea. Advertising expenses were not stopped - all investments were suspended for only 2-3 months. Now everything has been restored and even increased. The delivery of goods through Turkey and Kazakhstan was arranged.[64]

The company also supplies hygiene products to hospitals, maternity homes, centers with forcibly displaced persons, homes for the elderly, the military, etc.[65]L’Oréal Paris financially support employees in Ukraine, guaranteeing the payment of wages and providing additional financial assistance, and provide accommodation for employees who are abroad and assist with temporary employment in other L'Oréal branches.[66]

Controversies

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Involvement in fascism by L'Oréal key figures

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L'Oréal has conceded that its founder,Eugène Schueller,was aNazisympathizer andantisemiticfascist.[67][68]He was also a member ofLa Cagoule,which supported theVichy regime,and was a violent, pro-fascist and anti-communist organisation. Eugène bankrolled La Cagoule and some meetings of La Cagoule were held at L'Oréal headquarters. Some of the criminal activities perpetrated by La Cagoule include firearms transportation, assassinating a former minister, and firebombing six synagogues.[69][70]

Schueller provided financial support and held meetings forLa Cagouleat L'Oréal headquarters. La Cagoule was a violent Frenchfascist-leaning and anti-communistgroup whose leader formed a political partyMouvement Social Révolutionnaire(MSR, Social Revolutionary Movement), which in Occupied France supported the Vichy collaboration with the Germans.[71]L'Oréal hired several members of the group as executives afterWorld War II,such asJacques Corrèze,who served as CEO of the United States operation.[72][73]

Other controversy arose whenJean Frydman,a shareholder and board member of Paravision, a film subsidiary of L'Oréal, was fired. He claims that he was let go because L'Oréal wanted to avoid an Arab boycott of businesses associated with Jews. In turn, Frydman decided to expose the past of L'Oréal executives.André Bettencourtwho married Schueller's daughter,Liliane Bettencourt,and became deputy chairman for L'Oréal, wrote 60 articles for La Terre Française, an antisemitic Nazi propaganda sheet. André has admitted ownership of thepropagandabut claimed he was poisoned by the Vichy regime and said, "I have repeatedly expressed my regrets concerning them in public and will always beg the Jewish community to forgive me for them."[69]André Bettencourt also sheltered Schueller and several collaborators from theFrench Resistanceafter Liberation.[70]It was also revealed that Eugène Schueller hiredJacques Correze,who was the honorary head of L'Oréal's U.S. affiliate, Cosmair, and was involved with La Cagoule.[68]

Further controversy arose when it was revealed that L'Oréal had its German headquarters for over 30 years, before being sold in 1991, on land confiscated from a Jewish family duringWorld War II.The Jewish family has been battling for restitution from the company for three generations, the latest of which is Edith Rosenfelder, aHolocaustsurvivor. Fritz Rosenfelder was forced to sell the house to a Nazi official, of which the family never received the proceeds of the sale. Instead, the family was deported. The Allies passed Jewish restitution legislation which states that transactions with Nazis, even if appearing to be with the owner's consent, can be considered invalid. As the land was sold to an offshoot of L'Oréal, which was later bought out in 1961 by L'Oréal, the company claims that it is not responsible for anything that happened before then. The basis for Rosenfelder's argument is that since the original sale was illegal, all subsequent sales are equally unlawful. There was restitution paid in 1951 to theJewish Restitution Successor Organization,though this was done without the family's consent and none of the money ever reached the family. A book by Monica Waitzfelder, daughter of Edith Rosenfelder, published in French asL'Oréal a pris ma maisonand in English asL'Oréal stole my house!,details how L'Oréal took over the Waitzfelder home in theGermancity of Karlsruhe (after the Nazis had engineered the removal of the family) to make it its German headquarters.[74]Monica Waitzfelder is quoted as saying, "All the other businesses which took Jewish property have since returned it, without any great debate. I don't understand why L'Oréal should be any different from the others." A case was brought before the Supreme Court in France, but the public prosecutor ruled that there could be no trial. As of 2007, she is bringing the case to theEuropean Court of Human Rights.[70][74]

Garnier boycott

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On 31 July 2014 duringOperation Protective Edgelaunched by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in the Gaza Strip, the Israel advocacy organisationStandWithUsposted several Facebook photos of care packages, which they said were donated by Garnier Israel to female IDF soldiers.[75][76][77]This sparked several calls to boycott Garnier and L'Oréal worldwide.[78]Garnier disavowed the giveaway and stated on their Facebook page, “Garnier USA is aware of recent activity in social media. It is very important to us that our fans know that Garnier worldwide promotes peace and harmony and has a strict policy of not getting involved in any conflict or political matter. Garnier was astonished to discover this in social media. After investigation, the hand-out of about 500 products appeared to be part of a one-time local retailer initiative. Garnier disapproves of this initiative managed strictly at local level and is very sorry to have offended some of its fans.”[79]

Animal testing

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L'Oréal beganin vitrotissue testing in 1979, and does not test any of its products or ingredients on animals anywhere in the world since 1989–14 years before it was required by regulation.[80]Controversy came from the fact that L'Oréal sells products in China, whose regulators conduct animal testing on cosmetics to be sold within its territory. Even though a ban on animal testing in China came into effect in January 2020, Chinese authorities still perform this practice for imported "ordinary" cosmetics.[81][82]

Following L'Oréal's 2006 purchase ofThe Body Shop,which does not supportanimal testing,The Body Shop's founderAnita Roddickwas forced to defend herself against allegations of "abandoning her principles" over L'Oréal's involvement on animal testing. Calls were made for shoppers to boycott The Body Shop.[83]L'Oréal sold The Body Shop to Brazilian group Natura Cosméticos in 2017.[84]

Racist discrimination lawsuits

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On 11 August 2005, theSupreme Court of Californiaruled that former L'Oréal sales manager Elyse Yanowitz had adequately pleaded a cause of action for retaliatory termination under theCalifornia Fair Employment and Housing Act,and remanded the case for trial.[85]The case arose out of a 1997 incident in which Jack Wiswall, then the general manager for designer fragrances, allegedly told Yanowitz to fire adark-skinnedsales associate despite the associate's good performance. When Yanowitz refused, Wiswall pointed to a "sexy" blonde-haired woman and said, "God damn it, get me one that looks like that." Wiswall retired as president of the luxury products division of L'Oréal USA at the end of 2006.[85]

The company has recently faced discrimination lawsuits in France related to the hiring of spokesmodels andinstitutional racism.In July 2007, theGarnierdivision and an external employment agency were fined €30,000 for recruitment practices that intentionally excluded women of color from promoting its hair wash, "Fructis Style".[86]

L'Oréal continues to sell skin whitening products, which have been criticized as "capitalising on women's insecurities due tocolourism."They advertise these controversial products, which have been criticised for promoting a colonial attitude as well as having safety concerns,[87]on their website by claiming; "Achieve clear, translucent and radiant skin. Our skin whitening products work to fade dark spots and brighten skin to give you the fair, flawless complexion you desire."[88]

False advertising

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In May 2007, L'Oréal was one of several cosmetic manufacturers (along with Clinique, Estee Lauder, Payot, Lancôme)[89]ordered by theTherapeutic Goods Administrationin Australia to withdraw advertising regarding thewrinkleremoval capabilities of their products.[90]

In the UK, L'Oréal has faced criticism fromOFCOMregarding the truth of their advertising and marketing campaigns concerning the product performance of one of their mascara brands. In July 2007, the BritishAdvertising Standards Authorityattacked L'Oréal for a television advert on its "Telescopic"mascara,featuringPenélope Cruz,stating, "it will make youreyelashes60% longer. "In fact, it only made the lashes look 60% bigger, by separating and thickening at the roots and by thickening the tips of the lashes. They also failed to state that the model was wearingfalse eyelashes.[91]

In July 2011, the British Advertising Standards Authority took action against L'Oréal, banning two airbrushedLancômeadvertisements in the UK featuring actressJulia Robertsand supermodelChristy Turlington.The agency issued the ban after British politicianJo Swinsonargued that the two ads misrepresented reality and added to the self-image problem amongst females in the UK. L'Oréal acknowledged that the photos had been airbrushed but argued that the two cosmetic products could actually produce the results depicted in the ads and that the results of the products had been scientifically proven.[92]

In June 2014, the company reached an agreement with the U.S.Federal Trade Commissionnot to make claims about its anti-aging products unless it had credible scientific evidence supporting the claims. The settlement followed an investigation by the commission into claims being made in relation to two products, which the commission described as "false and unsubstantiated".

L'Oréal has a team of 400 members of staff who post content toFacebookevery day, according to Marc Menesguen, the company's chief marketing officer.[93]

Patent lawsuit

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In July 2017, theUniversity of MassachusettsMedical filed a patent lawsuit against L'Oréal. In August 2017, Dennis Wyrzykowski and his company, Carmel Laboratories LLC, joined the lawsuit. The two parties claimed that L'Oréal's brands used UMass' patented technology for skin creams with the chemicaladenosine.[94]In 2021, a judge found the patents invalid. In 2022, theU.S. Appeals Courtreversed the decision, stating that UMass could continue to purse its lawsuit.[95]

Corporate misconduct

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L'Oréal was fined byAutorité de la concurrencein France in 2016 for price-fixing on personal hygiene products.[96]

Munroe Bergdorf

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Main article:Munroe Bergdorf race row incident

In August 2017, L'Oréal dismissedMunroe Bergdorf,amixed-racetransgendermodel, after she responded to theUnite the Right rallyinCharlottesville, Virginia,by stating in a Facebook post: "Honestly I don't have the energy to talk about the racial violence of white people any more. Yes ALL white people"; the post was also quoted as saying that "[white people's] existence, privilege and success as a race is built on the backs, blood and death of people of colour", "racism isn't learned, it's inherited and... passed down through privilege" and that "white people" ought to "begin to admit that their race is the most violent and oppressive force of nature on Earth".[97]Shortly after terminating Bergdorf, L'Oréal released a statement claiming their commitment to "[support] diversity and tolerance towards all people irrespective of their race, background, gender and religion" and had terminated their partnership with Bergdorf because her comments were "at odds with those values".[98][99]

Amber Heard

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In 2018, L'Oréal Paris hiredAmber Heardas a GlobalAmbassador,also giving a special tribute to her.[100][101]In 2020, after a tape leaked of Heard admitting to having hit her ex-husbandJohnny Depp,several petitions were filed requesting L'Oreal to fire her.[102][103][104]As of June 2021, L'Oreal continued to include Heard among a team of "ambassadors" that also includesKate Winslet,Jane Fonda,Elle Fanning,and French singer-songwriterYseult.[105]Heard was beingsued in a defamation trialby Depp in which he accused her of domestic abuse. She was found to have defamed her ex-husband with malice on June 2, 2022, by a jury; Heard then appealed her case.[106]

Brand portfolio

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L'Oréallipsticks
L'Oréal skincare product

Brands are generally categorized by their targeted markets, such as the mass, professional, luxury, and active cosmetics markets. Galderma is directly attached to the head office. L'Oréal also owns interests in various activities such as fine chemicals, health, finance, design, advertising, and insurance.[107][better source needed]

In 2023, theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked L'Oréal's number of marks applications filled under theMadrid Systemas 1st in the world, with 199trademarksapplications submitted during 2023.[108]

Consumer products division

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L'Oréal luxe division

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Professional products division

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Active cosmetics division

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List of spokespeople

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L'Oréal Paris has a group of ambassadors, artists, actresses, and activists referred to as the L'Oréal Paris "Dream Team".[111]

Community involvement

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In 2014, L'Oreal was listed 61st among 1200 of India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company.[152]

In 2008, L'Oréal was named Europe's top business employer by the European Student Barometer,[153]a survey conducted by Trendence that covers 20 European countries and incorporates the responses of over 91,000 students.

TheL'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Sciencewas established to improve the position of women in science by recognizing outstanding women researchers who have contributed to scientific progress.[154]The awards are a result of a partnership between the French cosmetics company L'Oréal and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and carry a grant of US$100,000 for each laureate. The same partnership awards the UNESCO-L'Oréal International Fellowships, providing up to US$40,000 in funding over two years to fifteen young women scientists engaged in exemplary and promising research projects.[155]

L'Oréal organises the yearly L'Oréal Brandstorm, a business game for students in 46 countries. The game is related to marketing and has a first prize of $10,000, the second prize of $5,000 and the third prize of $2500.

L'Oréal is also a founding member of the "Look Good... Feel Better" project, a charity which was formed over 16 years ago to help women combat the visible side effects of cancer treatment.[citation needed]

L'Oréal also holds a global competition known as "L'Oréal Brandstorm" each year to invite students from around the world to be creative, innovative, and build their own business plans based around different topics.[citation needed]

In 2015,Standard Ethics Aeigave a rating to L'Oreal in order to include it in its Standard Ethics French Index.[156]

See Also

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References

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  1. ^abcdef"2023 Annual Results"(PDF).L'Oréal.
  2. ^Jones, David (26 January 2010)."Nestlé waits for market pressures to soften Hershey".Reuters.Retrieved31 January2010.
  3. ^ab"Statuts(PDF).Archived30 December 2009 at theWayback Machine."L'Oréal. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  4. ^"Review: L'Oreal Men Expert Hydra Energetic".The Moisturizer. 16 November 2018. Archived fromthe originalon 22 November 2018.Retrieved21 November2018.
  5. ^abcLamare, Amy (22 September 2020)."A brief history of L'Oréal: A cosmetics dynasty with far-right origins".www.businessofbusiness.com.Retrieved26 September2023.
  6. ^abMagazine, Smithsonian."The Titan Who Founded L'Oréal Prospered Under the Nazis".Smithsonian Magazine.Retrieved26 September2023.
  7. ^abCorporate financial reporting by Amberr Aslamm on Prezi.Prezi.com. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.
  8. ^"Number of employees of L'Oréal worldwide 2021, by geographic zone".Statista.Retrieved25 April2022.
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  12. ^Born, Pete (15 December 2008)."L'Oreal Gains YSL Beaute".WWD.Retrieved21 November2021.
  13. ^"L'Oréal Acquires Major Chinese Beauty Brand".Bloomberg.16 January 2014 – via www.bloomberg.com.
  14. ^Robehmed, Natalie."L'Oréal Buys Back Nestlé Stake, Bettencourt Fortune Gains $4 Billion".Forbes.Retrieved1 June2024.
  15. ^Kaiser, Amanda (19 February 2014)."Shiseido Sells Carita, Decléor to L'Oréal".WWD.Retrieved20 February2014.
  16. ^"L'Oreal Agrees to Buy U.S. Makeup-Artist Brand NYX Cosmetics".Archived fromthe originalon 17 September 2014.Retrieved18 June2014.
  17. ^"L'Oreal to buy Brazilian hair care group Niely Cosmeticos"(Press release). Reuters. 8 September 2014.
  18. ^Gleason, Stephanie (23 October 2014)."L'Oréal USA Acquires Carol's Daughter".The Wall Street Journal.ISSN0099-9660.Retrieved21 July2020.
  19. ^Khan, A. (25 July 2016)."L'Oréal Buys It Cosmetics for $1.2 Billion".Allure.Retrieved21 July2020.
  20. ^"L'Oréal acquires ModiFace further expanding its worldwide expertise in beauty tech".L'Oréal Finance.Retrieved17 August2020.
  21. ^"Valentino and L'Oréal Paris Are Joining Forces on a Luxury Beauty Collection for the Masses".Allure.29 May 2018.Retrieved19 November2019.
  22. ^"L'Oréal announces the signing of an agreement for the acquisition of Takami Co, a japanese company that markets the Takami skincare brand".
  23. ^"L'Oréal to Acquire Skin Care Brand Youth to the People".Beauty Packaging.Retrieved12 December2021.
  24. ^"'Very strategic addition': L'Oréal to acquire US skin care brand Youth to the People ".cosmeticsdesign-europe.com.9 December 2021.Retrieved12 December2021.
  25. ^Yun, Jessica (4 April 2023)."L'Oreal snaps up Australian skincare brand Aesop in record $3.7 billion deal".The Sydney Morning Herald.Retrieved4 April2023.
  26. ^Nouvelle, L'Usine (4 June 2023)."L'Oréal renforce sa cosmétique de luxe avec Aesop".L'Usine Nouvelle.Retrieved27 June2023.
  27. ^"L'Oréal confirme le rachat de la marque Aesop".Journal du Luxe.4 April 2023.Retrieved27 June2023.
  28. ^"L'Oréal Closes Acquisition Of Luxury Beauty Brand Aesop".ESM Magazine.31 August 2023.Retrieved31 August2023.
  29. ^"L'Oréal fait l'acquisition de la société de recherche Lactobio, leader des probiotiques de précision basé au Danemark".L’Oréal Finance.Retrieved14 December2023.
  30. ^"L'Oréal rachète Lactobio, leader des probiotiques".Journal du Luxe.13 December 2023.Retrieved18 March2024.
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