Jump to content

LGBT

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromLGBT+)
This article is about the initialism. For a topical guide, seeOutline of LGBT topics.For LGBT people in society, seeLGBT history,LGBT community,andLGBT culture.For other uses, seeLGBT (disambiguation).

A six-bandrainbow flagrepresenting theLGBT community
Part ofa serieson
LGBT topics
Sexual orientationandgender
History
General
Identities
Culture
Rights
Health
Social attitudes
Issues
Academic fields and discourse
LGBT portal

LGBTis aninitialismthat stands for "lesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgender".[1][2][3][4]It may refer to anyone who isnon-heterosexual,non-heteroromantic,or non-cisgender,instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.[5][6][7]The variantLGBTQadds aQfor those who identify asqueer(which can besynonymouswith LGBT)[8]or arequestioningtheir sexual orgender identity,[9]whileLGBTQ+adds aplus signfor "those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".[10][11]Many further variations of the acronym exist, such asLGBT+(simplified to encompass theQconcept within the plus sign),[12]LGBTQIA+(addingintersex,asexual,aromanticandagender),[13]and2SLGBTQ+(addingtwo-spiritfor a term specific toIndigenous North Americans). TheLGBTlabel is not universally agreed upon by everyone that it is generally intended to include.[14]The variationsGLBTandGLBTQrearrange the letters in the acronym.[15][16]In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as anumbrella termfor marginalizedsexualities and gender identities.[17]Some prefer the catch-all termqueer.[18]

The earlier initialismLGBbegan to replace the termgay(orgay and lesbian) in the late 1980s to referencethe broader community.[19]When not inclusive of transgender people, the shorterLGBis still used.[20][21]

History of the term

Further information:Terminology of homosexuality
First use of the words Monosexual, Homosexual, and Heterosexual in a letter written on May 6, 1868

The first widely used term,homosexual,now a term used primarily in scientific contexts, has at times carried negative connotations in the United States.[22]Gaybecame a popular term in the 1970s.[23]

As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrasegay and lesbianbecame more common.[24]A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should befeminismorgay rightsled to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, includingDaughters of Bilitis,which was founded byDel Martin and Phyllis Lyon,[25]but disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.[26]As equality was a priority forlesbian feminists,disparity of roles between men and women orbutch and femmewere viewed aspatriarchal.Lesbian feminists eschewedgender roleplay that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceivedchauvinismofgay men;many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men or take up their causes.[27]

Lesbians who held theessentialistview that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptorlesbianto define sexual attraction often considered theseparatistopinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.[28]Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.[24]

In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, after the elation of change following group action in the 1969Stonewall riotsinNew York City,some gays and lesbians became less accepting ofbisexualortransgenderpeople.[29][20]Critics[like whom?]said that transgender people were acting outstereotypes,and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid tocome outand be honest about their identity.[29]Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with othergenderand sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.[20]LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.[30]

LGBT publications,pride parades,and related events, such as this stage atBolognaPride 2008 in Italy, increasingly drop theLGBTinitialism instead of regularly adding new letters and dealing with issues of placement of those letters within the new title[31]

From about 1988, activists began to use the initialismLGBTin the United States.[32]Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.[20]This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as theGLBT Historical Societydid in 1999.[33]Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes beenmarginalizedby the larger LGBT community), the termLGBThas been a positive symbol ofinclusion.[5][20]

Despite the fact thatLGBTdoes not nominally encompass all individuals in smaller communities (see Variants below), the term is generally accepted to include those not specifically identified in the four-letter initialism.[5][20]Overall, the use of the termLGBThas, over time, largely aided in bringing otherwise marginalized individuals into the general community.[5][20]Transgender actressCandis Cayne,in 2009, described the LGBT community as "the last great minority", noting that "we can still be harassed openly" and be "called out on television".[34]

In 2016,GLAAD's Media Reference Guide states thatLGBTQis the preferred initialism, being more inclusive of younger members of the communities who embracequeeras a self-descriptor.[35]Some people considerqueerto be a derogatory term originating inhate speechand reject it, especially among older members of the community.[36]

Variants

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of LGBT acronyms.
2010pride paradeinPlaza de Mayo,Buenos Aires,which used the LGBTIQ initialism[37]

Many variants exist, such as the more inclusiveLGBT+and variations that change the order of the letters or include additional letters. At least some of the components of sexuality (regarding hetero, bi, straight), and alsogenderare stated to be on differentspectrums of sexuality.[38][39]Other common variants also exist, such asLGBTQIA,[40]with theIstanding forintersexand theAstanding forasexual,aromantic,oragender,[41][42][13]andLGBTQIA+,where "the '+' represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".[10]Longer initialisms have been criticized as confusing or unwieldy,[43][44][45]sometimes being referred to as "alphabet soup",[46]and mocked with labels such asLGBTQWERTY,LGBTQXYZ,andalphabet mafia.[47][48][49]The implication that the initialism refers to a single community is also controversial.[14]

Although identical in meaning,LGBTmay have a morefeministconnotation thanGLBTas it places the "L" (for "lesbian" ) first.[20]LGBTmay also include additional Qs for "queer"or"questioning"(sometimes abbreviated with a question mark and sometimes used to mean anybody not literally L, G, B or T) producing the variantsLGBTQandLGBTQQ.[50][51][52]The order of the letters has not been standardized; in addition to the variations between the positions of the initial "L" or "G", the mentioned, less common letters, if used, may appear in almost any order.[20]InHebrewandPeninsular Spanish,LGTB(להט "ב) is used, that is, reversing the letters "B" and "T".[53][54] Variant terms do not typically represent political differences within the community, but arise simply from the preferences of individuals and groups.[55]

The termspansexual,omnisexual,fluidandqueer-identifiedare regarded as falling under the umbrella termbisexual(and therefore are considered a part of thebisexual community). Some useLGBT+to mean "LGBT and related communities".[39]Other variants may have a "U" for "unsure"; a "C" for "curious"; another "T" for "transvestite";a" TS "," 2S ", or" 2 "for"two-spirit"persons; or an" SA "for"straight allies".[56][57][58][59][60]The inclusion of straight allies in the LGBT initialism has proven controversial, as many straight allies have been accused of using LGBT advocacy to gain popularity and status in recent years,[61]and various LGBT activists have criticised the heteronormative worldview of certain straight allies.[62]Some may also add a "P" for "polyamorous"or"pangender",an" H "for"HIV-affected",or an" O "for" other ".[20][63]The initialismLGBTIHhas seen use inIndiato encompass thehijrathird genderidentity and the related subculture.[64][65]

Adding the termalliesto the initialism has sparked controversy,[66][67]with some seeing the inclusion of ally in place of asexual/aromantic/agender as a form ofLGBT erasure.[41][68][69]There is also theacronymQUILTBAG(queer and questioning, unsure, intersex, lesbian, transgender and two-spirit, bisexual, asexual and aromantic, and gay and genderqueer).[70]SimilarlyLGBTIQA+stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and many other terms (such as non-binary and pansexual)".[71][72]

InCanada,the community is sometimes identified asLGBTQ2(lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and two spirit).[73]Depending on which organization is using the abbreviation, the choice of initialism changes. Businesses and theCBCoften simply employLGBTas a proxy for any longer abbreviation, private activist groups often employLGBTQ+,[74]whereas public health providers favour the more inclusiveLGBT2Q+to accommodate twin spiritedindigenous peoples.[75]For a time, thePride Torontoorganization used the much lengthier initialismLGBTTIQQ2SA,but appears to have dropped this in favour of simpler wording.[76]Prime MinisterJustin Trudeauwas also criticized for using the2SLGBTQQIA+initialism.[77][78]As of July 2023, the Government of Canada's official term is2SLGBTQI+.[79]Trudeau's new acronym was criticized by some social media users.[80]

Transgender inclusion

The termtrans*has been adopted by some groups as a more inclusive alternative to "transgender", wheretrans(without the asterisk) has been used to describetrans menandtrans women,whiletrans*covers all non-cisgender (genderqueer) identities, including transgender, transsexual, transvestite, genderqueer,genderfluid,non-binary,genderfuck,genderless, agender, non-gendered, third gender, two-spirit,bigender,and trans man and trans woman.[81][82]Likewise, the termtranssexualcommonly falls under the umbrella termtransgender,but some transsexual people object to this.[20]

Intersex inclusion

Main article:Intersex and LGBT

Those who addintersexpeople to LGBT groups or organizations may use the extended initialismLGBTI,[83][84]orLGBTIQ.[85]

The relationship ofintersexto lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, and queer communities is complex,[86]but intersex people are often added to the LGBT category to create an LGBTI community. Someintersexpeople prefer the initialismLGBTI,while others would rather that they not be included as part of the term.[84][87]Emi Koyamadescribes how inclusion of intersex inLGBTIcan fail to address intersex-specific human rights issues, including creating false impressions "that intersex people's rights are protected" by laws protecting LGBT people, and failing to acknowledge that manyintersexpeople are not LGBT.[88]Organisation Intersex International Australiastates that some intersex individuals are same-sex attracted, and some are heterosexual, but "LGBTI activism has fought for the rights of people who fall outside of expected binary sex and gender norms".[89][90]Julius Kaggwaof SIPDUgandahas written that, while the gay community "offers us a place of relative safety, it is also oblivious to our specific needs".[91]

Numerous studies have shown higher rates of same-sex attraction in intersex people,[92][93]with a recent Australian study of people born with atypicalsex characteristicsfinding that 52% of respondents were non-heterosexual;[94][95]thus, research on intersex subjects has been used to explore means of preventing homosexuality.[92][93]As an experience of being born with sex characteristics that do not fit social norms,[96]intersex can be distinguished from transgender,[97][98][99]while some intersex people are both intersex and transgender.[100]

Asexual, aromantic and agender inclusion

Main articles:Asexuality,Aromanticism,andAgender

In the early 2010s,asexualityandaromanticismstarted gaining wider recognition. Around 2015, they were included in the expanded initialismLGBTQIA,with the A standing forasexual,aromantic,commonly grouped together asa-specalong withagender.[41][42]

Asexual individuals experience minimal to no sexual attraction to others, and it is crucial to acknowledge that asexuality is a legitimate sexual orientation, not a deficiency or a temporary state. Similarly, aromantic individuals lack romantic attraction to others, yet they can still forge profound emotional connections and strong bonds with people without the romantic component. Furthermore, agender individuals either have no gender identity or possess a neutral or genderless gender identity.[101]

Some people have mistakenly claimed the A stands for ally, but allies are not a marginalized group and mentions of A for ally have regularly sparked controversy as a form ofLGBT erasure.[66][67]

Criticism of the term

LGBT families, like these in a 2007Bostonpride parade,are labeled asnon-heterosexualby researchers for a variety of reasons[102][better source needed]

The initialismsLGBTorGLBTare not agreed to by everyone that they encompass.[14]For example, some argue thattransgenderandtranssexualcauses are not the same as that of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people.[103]This argument centers on the idea that being transgender or transsexual has to do more with gender identity, or a person's understanding of being or not being a man or a woman irrespective of their sexual orientation.[20]LGB issues can be seen as a matter ofsexual orientationor attraction.[20]These distinctions have been made in the context of political action in which LGB goals, such assame-sex marriagelegislation andhuman rightswork (which may not include transgender and intersex people), may be perceived to differ from transgender and transsexual goals.[20]

A belief in "lesbian and gay separatism" (not to be confused with the related "lesbian separatism") holds that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a community distinct and separate from other groups normally included in the LGBTQ sphere.[104]While not always appearing in sufficient numbers or organization to be called amovement,separatists are a significant, vocal, and active element within many parts of the LGBT community.[105][104][106]In some cases separatists will deny the existence or right to equality of bisexual orientations and of transsexuality,[105]sometimes leading publicbiphobiaandtransphobia.[105][104]In contrasts to separatists,Peter Tatchellof the LGBT human rights groupOutRage!argues that to separate the transgender movement from the LGB would be "political madness", stating that:[107]

Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms.

The portrayal of an all-encompassing "LGBT community" or "LGB community" is also disliked by some lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people.[108][109]Some do not subscribe to or approve of thepolitical and social solidarity, and visibility and human rights campaigningthat normally goes with it, includingLGBT pridemarches and events.[108][109]Some of them believe that grouping together people with non-heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay/lesbian/bi/asexual/pansexual/etc. makes a person deficiently different from other people.[108]These people are often less visible compared to more mainstream gay or LGBT activists.[108][109]Since this faction is difficult to distinguish from the heterosexual majority, it is common for people to assume all LGBT people support LGBT liberation and the visibility of LGBT people in society, including the right to live one's life differently from the majority.[108][109][110]In the 1996 bookAnti-Gay,a collection of essays edited byMark Simpson,the concept of a 'one-size-fits-all' identity based onLGBT stereotypesis criticized for suppressing the individuality of LGBT people.[111]

Writing in theBBC News Magazinein 2014,Julie Bindelquestions whether the various gender groupings now, "bracketed together[,]... share the same issues, values and goals?" Bindel refers to a number of possible new initialisms for differing combinations and concludes that it may be time for the alliances to either be reformed or go their "separate ways".[112]In 2015, the slogan "Drop the T"was coined to encourageLGBT organizationsto stop support oftransgenderpeople as they say that sexual orientation, LGB, does not share similarity with gender identity, the T. The campaign has been condemned by manyLGBT groupsastransphobic.[113][114][115][116]

Alternative terms

Queer

Main article:Queer

Many have expressed desire for anumbrella termto replace existing initialisms.[105]Queergained popularity as an umbrella-term for sexual and gender minorities in the 21st century.[117]The term remains controversial, particularly among older LGBT people, who perceive it as offensive due to its historical usage as aslur,[117]as well as those who wish to dissociate themselves fromqueer radicalism,[118]and those who see it as amorphous and trendy.[119]Some younger people feelqueeris a more politically charged, more powerful term thanLGBT.[120][121]In a 2018 U.S. study, about 1 in 5 LGBTQ people identified as "queer".[117]

SGM/GSM/GSRM

See also:Sexual minority,Gender minority,andRomantic minority

SGM,orGSM,[122]an abbreviation forsexualandgender minorities,has gained particular currency in government, academia, and medicine.GSRMis also used to includeromantic minoritiessuch asaromanticism.[123][124]

In New Zealand,New Zealand Human Rights Commissionuses "Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities" to discuss the LGBT rights.[125]

In India, theConstitutional Benchof theSupreme Court of Indiawhen decriminalizing homosexuality in the case ofNavtej Singh Johar v. Union of India(2018),said:[126]

Individuals belonging to sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination, stigmatization, and, in some cases, denial of care on account of their sexual orientation and gender identity. However, it is important to note that 'sexual and gender minorities' do not constitute a homogenous group, and experiences of social exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination, as well as specific health needs, vary considerably. Nevertheless, these individuals are united by one factor - that their exclusion, discrimination and marginalization is rooted in societal heteronormativity and society's pervasive bias towards gender binary and opposite-gender relationships, which marginalizes and excludes all non-heteronormative sexual and gender identities.[127]

The term "Sexual and Gender Minority" has been adopted by theNational Institutes of Health,[128]theCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services[129]and the UCLAWilliams Institute,which studies SGM law and policy.[130]Duke Universityand theUniversity of California San Franciscoboth have prominent sexual and gender minority health programs.[131][132]An NIH paper recommends the termSGMbecause it is inclusive of "those who may not self-identify as LGBT... or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development".[133]A publication from theWhite House Office of Management and Budgetstates, "We believe that SGM is more inclusive, because it includes persons not specifically referenced by the identities listed in LGBT."[134]

A UK government paper favors SGM because initials like LGBTIQ+ stand for terms that, especially outside theGlobal North,are "not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities".[135]An example of usage outside the Global North is theConstitution of Nepal,which identifies "gender and sexual minorities" as a protected class.[136]

Further umbrella terms

In Canada especially, the term2SLGBTQ+is seen, with the first two characters standing fortwo-spirit;the whole term stands for two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning, and is intended as a term encompassing all sexual- and gender-minorities. For someindigenous people,two-spiritinvokes a combination of identities, including sexual, gender, cultural, and spiritual.[137]

Some people advocate the term "minority sexual and gender identities" (MSGI, coined in 2000) for the purpose of explicitly including all people who are notcisgenderandheterosexualor "gender, sexual, and romantic minorities" (GSRM), which is more explicitly inclusive ofminority romantic orientationsandpolyamory,but those have not been widely adopted either.[138][139][140][141][142]Other rare umbrella terms areGender and Sexual Diversities(GSD),[143]MOGII (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Identities, and Intersex) and MOGAI (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments and Intersex).[144][145]

SGL(same gender loving) is sometimes favored among gay maleAfrican Americansas a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard aswhite-dominated LGBT communities.[146]

Clinical

In public health settings,MSM( "men who have sex with men") is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation, withWSW( "women who have sex with women") also used as an analogous term.[147][148]

MVPFAFF

MVPFAFF is an abbreviation forMāhū,Vakasalewa,Palopa,Fa'afafine,Akava'ine,Fakaleitī(Leiti), andFakafifine.This term was developed byPhylesha Brown-Actonin 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference.[149]This refers to those in the rainbowPacific Islandercommunity, who may or may not identify with the LGBT initialism.[150]

See also

References

  1. ^"Definition of LGBT".Collins Dictionary.Retrieved3 March2024.
  2. ^"Definition of LGBT".www.merriam-webster.com.Retrieved4 March2024.
  3. ^"LGBT",The Free Dictionary,retrieved4 March2024
  4. ^Publishers, HarperCollins."The American Heritage Dictionary entry: LGBT".www.ahdictionary.com.Retrieved4 March2024.
  5. ^abcdShankle, Michael D. (2006).The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service.Haworth Press.ISBN978-1-56023-496-8.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  6. ^Miller, Sam J.; Szpara, K. M.; Kalaw, R. K.; Sjunneson-Henry, Elsa; Rustad, A. Merc; Bolander, Brooke; Hvide, Brit E. B.; Bledsoe, Alex; Kowal, Mary Robinette (3 July 2018).Uncanny Magazine Issue 23: July/August 2018.Uncanny Magazine.
  7. ^"Definition of LGBT".Cambridge Dictionary.Retrieved16 February2024.
  8. ^"APA Dictionary of Psychology".dictionary.apa.org.Retrieved4 March2024.
  9. ^"Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on 3 January 2020.Retrieved19 February2018.
  10. ^ab"LGBTQIA+".www.uncw.edu.Archived fromthe originalon 3 May 2023.Retrieved31 August2021.
  11. ^"APA Dictionary of Psychology".dictionary.apa.org.Retrieved4 March2024.
  12. ^"Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words".Dictionary.com.Retrieved4 March2024.
  13. ^ab"Definition of LGBTQIA".www.merriam-webster.com.Retrieved17 February2024.
  14. ^abcFinnegan, Dana G.; McNally, Emily B. (2002).Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities.Haworth Press.ISBN978-1-56023-925-3.
  15. ^"Definition of GLBT".www.merriam-webster.com.Retrieved4 March2024.
  16. ^"Definition of GLBTQ".www.merriam-webster.com.Retrieved4 March2024.
  17. ^Parent, Mike C.; DeBlaere, Cirleen; Moradi, Bonnie (June 2013). "Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities".Sex Roles.68(11–12): 639–645.doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2.S2CID144285021.
  18. ^https://www.hrc.org/resources/glossary-of-termsRetrieved 18 July 2024.
  19. ^Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary,Volume 1, Part 1. Gale Research Co., 1985,ISBN978-0-8103-0683-7.Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989Archived6 September 2015 at theWayback Machine
  20. ^abcdefghijklmnAlexander, Jonathan; Yescavage, Karen (2003).Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others.Haworth Press.ISBN978-1-56023-287-2.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  21. ^Bohan, Janis S. (1996).Psychology and Sexual Orientation: Coming to Terms.Routledge.ISBN978-0-415-91514-4.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  22. ^Media Reference GuideArchived27 December 2019 at theWayback Machine(citing AP,Washington Poststyle guides),GLAAD.Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  23. ^Ross, E. Wayne (2006).The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities.SUNY Press.ISBN978-0-7914-6909-5.Archivedfrom the original on 19 June 2019.Retrieved2 July2015.
  24. ^abSwain, Keith W. (21 June 2007)."Gay Pride Needs New Direction".Denver Post.Archivedfrom the original on 21 April 2016.Retrieved5 July2008.
  25. ^Sears, James Thomas (2001).Rebels, Rubyfruit, and Rhinestones: Queering Space in the Stonewall South - James Thomas Sears - Google Books.Rutgers University Press.ISBN9780813529646.Archivedfrom the original on 14 May 2022.Retrieved2 May2022.
  26. ^Esterberg, Kristen (1994). "From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement".Gender and Society.8(3): 424–443.doi:10.1177/089124394008003008.S2CID144795512.
  27. ^Faderman, Lillian (1991).Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America,Penguin Books.ISBN0-14-017122-3,p. 210–211.
  28. ^Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.
  29. ^abLeli, Ubaldo; Drescher, Jack (2005).Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide.Haworth Press.ISBN978-0-7890-2576-0.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  30. ^"Out of the Closet and Into the Streets".Center for the Study of Political Graphics.Archivedfrom the original on 2 October 2016.Retrieved1 October2016.
  31. ^Cahill, Sean, and Bryan Kim-Butler. "Policy priorities for the LGBT community: Pride Survey 2006." New York, NY: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (2006).
  32. ^Research, policy and practice: Annual meetingArchived19 June 2019 at theWayback Machine,American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.
  33. ^Koskovich, Gerard."Our History".The GLBT Historical Society.Archivedfrom the original on 7 January 2022.Retrieved7 January2022.
  34. ^"I Advocate...".The Advocate.Issue #1024. March 2009. p. 80.
  35. ^Ring, Trudy (26 October 2016)."Expanding the Acronym: GLAAD Adds the Q to LGBT".Advocate.Archivedfrom the original on 14 May 2022.Retrieved30 October2016.
  36. ^Nadal, Kevin (15 April 2017).The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender.Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. p. 1384.ISBN978-1-4833-8427-6.OCLC994139871.Archivedfrom the original on 19 June 2019.Retrieved3 January2019.
  37. ^"Marcha del Orgullo LGBTIQ"(in Spanish). Comisión Organizadora de la Marcha (C.O.M.O).Archivedfrom the original on 8 October 2002.Retrieved2 December2016.
  38. ^"LGBT+ mental health".LGBT+ mental health.Archivedfrom the original on 24 February 2022.Retrieved29 March2022.
  39. ^abVikhrov, Natalie (26 April 2019)."Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution".Thomson Reuters Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on 24 February 2021.Retrieved28 April2019.
  40. ^Merriam-Webster."LGBTQIA".Merriam-Webster.com.Merriam-Webster.Archivedfrom the original on 7 January 2022.Retrieved7 January2021.Definition of LGBTQIA: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (one's sexual or gender identity), intersex, and asexual/aromantic/agender
  41. ^abc"A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic".glaad.11 February 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2023.Retrieved28 March2023.
  42. ^abKuykendall, Emily (20 June 2016)."What the A in LGBTQIA+ Stands For".Buddy Project.Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2021.Retrieved21 May2021.The A in LGBTQIA+ stands for asexual, aromantic, and agender....
  43. ^"The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness".Quartz. 12 June 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 28 June 2020.Retrieved7 July2020.
  44. ^"Coming to terms with terms".www.oakpark.com.24 September 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 29 June 2020.Retrieved25 June2020.
  45. ^Oli (4 December 2019)."The challenge of generosity".Oliver Arditi.Archivedfrom the original on 28 June 2020.Retrieved25 June2020.
  46. ^DeMarco, Linda; Bruni, Sylvain (18 July 2012) [1st pub. 18 May 2012]."No More Alphabet Soup".The Huffington Post.1527958.Archivedfrom the original on 3 February 2015.
  47. ^Burchill, Julie (6 January 2023)."Radio 4 is becoming a parody of itself".Spiked.Retrieved4 October2023.One of the most dynamic cultural events of past year was not any of the LGBTQWERTY 're-imaginings' so beloved of Radio 4's fawning arts coverage...
  48. ^"'Klanned Parenthood': Bailey's running mate's old social media posts surface ".WGN-TV.15 August 2022.Retrieved4 October2023."Just say no! The LGBTQXYZ agenda is aggressively trying to repurpose classic stories and films. How can a godmother be genderless? Satan is a liar!" Trussell posted in 2020 about actor Billy Porter playing a genderless fairy godmother.
  49. ^Seitzer, Helen (2022), "The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community",Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion,Global Dynamics of Social Policy, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 227–253,doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9,ISBN978-3-030-83402-9,S2CID244654734,The public confusion over acronyms and pronouns goes so far that people ironically label the LGBTQ+ community "alphabet mafia" on social media platforms
  50. ^Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2007).In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality.SUNY Press.ISBN978-0-7914-7221-7.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  51. ^Alder, Christine; Worrall, Anne (2004).Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities.SUNY Press.ISBN978-0-7914-6110-5.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  52. ^Cherland, Meredith Rogers; Harper, Helen J. (2007).Advocacy Research in Literacy Education: Seeking Higher Ground.Routledge.ISBN978-0-8058-5056-7.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  53. ^[1]
  54. ^"LGTB, en mayúsculas".22 September 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 19 December 2021.Retrieved19 December2021.
  55. ^Brown, Catrina; Augusta-Scott, Tod (2006).Narrative Therapy: Making Meaning, Making Lives.Sage Publications Inc.ISBN978-1-4129-0988-4.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  56. ^Lebaron, Sarah; Pecsenye, Jessica; Roland, Becerra; Skindzier, Jon (2005).Oberlin College: Oberlin, Ohio.College Prowler, Inc.ISBN978-1-59658-092-3.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  57. ^Chen, Edith Wen-Chu; Omatsu, Glenn (2006).Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans: Effective Activities, Strategies, and Assignments for Classrooms and Communities (Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans).Rowman & Littlefield.ISBN978-0-7425-5338-5.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  58. ^Babb, Florence E. (2001).After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua.University of Texas Press.ISBN978-0-292-70900-3.
  59. ^Padilla, Yolanda C. (2003).Gay and Lesbian Rights Organizing: Community-based Strategies.Haworth Press.ISBN978-1-56023-275-9.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  60. ^Swigonski, Mary E.; Mama, Robin S.; Ward, Kelly; Shepard, Matthew (2001).From Hate Crimes to Human Rights: A Tribute to Matthew Shepard.Haworth Press.ISBN978-1-56023-257-5.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  61. ^Becker, Ron (2006). "Gay-Themed Television and the Slumpy Class: The Affordable, Multicultural Politics of the Gay Nineties".Television & New Media.7(2): 184–215.doi:10.1177/1527476403255830.ISSN1527-4764.S2CID145717408.
  62. ^DeTurk, Sara (2011)."Allies in Action: The Communicative Experiences of People Who Challenge Social Injustice on Behalf of Others".Communication Quarterly.59(5): 569–590.doi:10.1080/01463373.2011.614209.ISSN0146-3373.
  63. ^O'Rourke, P. J. (2001).Peace Kills: America's Fun New Imperialism.Grove Press.ISBN978-0-8021-4198-9.Archivedfrom the original on 9 July 2021.Retrieved2 July2015.
  64. ^Gurjar, Kaumudi."Maiden stage act by city's LGBT face gets censor's chop".punemirror.in.Pune Mirror. Archived fromthe originalon 28 May 2016.Retrieved22 December2014.
  65. ^McCusker, Ros."Gay Leeds — Your comprehensive guide to all things gay in Leeds".gayleeds.com.Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2015.Retrieved22 December2014.
  66. ^abKelly, Morgan."Adding 'allies' to LGBT acronym sparks controversy".iowastatedaily.com.Iowa State Daily.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2016.Retrieved29 December2014.
  67. ^ab"Why People Are Upset About Equinox Gym's Pride Video".Bustle.8 June 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 10 August 2020.Retrieved28 March2023.
  68. ^"Why the A doesn't stand for Ally".19 May 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 26 March 2023.Retrieved28 March2023.
  69. ^Richard, Katherine."Column:" A "stands for asexuals and not allies".loyolamaroon.com.The Maroon. Archived fromthe originalon 6 December 2013.Retrieved29 December2014.That "A" is not for allies[,] [t]hat "A" is for asexuals. [...] Much like bisexuality, asexuality suffers from erasure.
  70. ^"Reaching into the QUILTBAG: The Evolving World of Queer Speculative Fiction".Apex Magazine.6 March 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 9 October 2014.Retrieved6 October2014.
  71. ^University, La Trobe."What does LGBTIQA+ mean".www.latrobe.edu.au.Archivedfrom the original on 13 October 2018.Retrieved13 October2018.
  72. ^"LGBTIQA+ glossary of common terms".aifs.gov.au.Archivedfrom the original on 9 December 2022.Retrieved9 December2022.
  73. ^"Government of Canada initiatives to support LGBTQ2 communities and promote diversity and inclusion".JUSTIN TRUDEAU, PRIME MINISTER OF CANADA.28 November 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 9 January 2019.Retrieved8 January2019.
  74. ^"Rainbow Refugee".Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2019.Retrieved8 January2019.
  75. ^"LGBT2Q+".www.vch.ca.Archivedfrom the original on 9 January 2019.Retrieved8 January2019.
  76. ^Szklarski, Cassandra (2 July 2016)."Is it time to drop LGBTQ's 'infinitely expanding alphabet' for something simpler? | CBC News".CBC.Archivedfrom the original on 19 June 2019.Retrieved8 January2019.
  77. ^Allen, Nick (8 October 2021)."Justin Trudeau mocked for using 2SLGBTQQIA+ acronym for sexual identities".The Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.Retrieved18 July2023.
  78. ^Mitchell, Charlie (17 July 2023)."Justin Trudeau mocked for using extended LGBT acronym".The Times.ISSN0140-0460.Retrieved18 July2023.
  79. ^Canada, Women and Gender Equality (19 August 2020)."2SLGBTQI+ terminology – Glossary and common acronyms".women-gender-equality.canada.ca.Retrieved18 July2023.
  80. ^"Trudeau criticized for upgrading" LGBTQ+ to 2SLGBTQI+ "".Al Bawaba.Retrieved18 July2023.
  81. ^Ryan, Hugh (10 January 2014)."What Does Trans* Mean, and Where Did It Come From?'".Slate.Archivedfrom the original on 21 May 2014.Retrieved21 May2014.
  82. ^"Glossary of Transgender Terms".Vaden Health Center Stanford University.14 February 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2014.Retrieved21 May2014.
  83. ^William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman,Sexual medicine in primary careArchived6 September 2015 at theWayback Machine,Mosby Year Book, 1999,ISBN978-0-8151-2797-0
  84. ^abAragon, Angela Pattatuchi (2006).Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives.Haworth Press.ISBN978-1-56023-645-0.Archivedfrom the original on 22 November 2012.Retrieved5 July2008.
  85. ^Siddharta, Amanda (28 April 2019)."Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia".VOA.Archivedfrom the original on 28 April 2019.Retrieved28 April2019.
  86. ^Dreger, Alice (4 May 2015)."Reasons to Add and Reasons NOT to Add" I "(Intersex) to LGBT in Healthcare"(PDF).Association of American Medical Colleges.Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 June 2016.Retrieved8 May2021.
  87. ^Makadon, Harvey J.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Potter, Jennifer; Goldhammer, Hilary (2008).The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health.ACP Press.ISBN978-1-930513-95-2.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  88. ^Koyama, Emi."Adding the" I ": Does Intersex Belong in the LGBT Movement?".Intersex Initiative.Archived fromthe originalon 17 May 2016.Retrieved18 May2016.
  89. ^"Intersex for allies".21 November 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 7 June 2016.Retrieved18 May2016.
  90. ^OII releases new resource on intersex issuesArchived6 June 2014 at theWayback Machine,Intersex for alliesandMaking services intersex inclusiveby Organisation Intersex International Australia, via Gay News Network, 2 June 2014.
  91. ^Kaggwa, Julius (19 September 2016)."I'm an intersex Ugandan – life has never felt more dangerous".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Archivedfrom the original on 6 October 2016.Retrieved3 October2016.
  92. ^abMeyer-Bahlburg, Heino F.L. (January 1990). "Will Prenatal Hormone Treatment Prevent Homosexuality?".Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology.1(4): 279–283.doi:10.1089/cap.1990.1.279.ISSN1044-5463.human studies of the effects of altering the prenatal hormonal milieu by the administration of exogenous hormones lend support to a prenatal hormone theory that implicates both androgens and estrogens in the development of gender preference... it is likely that prenatal hormone variations may be only one among several factors influencing the development of sexual orientation
  93. ^abDreger, Alice; Feder, Ellen K; Tamar-Mattis, Anne (29 June 2010),Preventing Homosexuality (and Uppity Women) in the Womb?,The Hastings Center Bioethics Forum,archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2016,retrieved18 May2016
  94. ^"New publication" Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia "".Organisation Intersex International Australia.3 February 2016. Archived fromthe originalon 29 August 2016.Retrieved18 August2016.
  95. ^Jones, Tiffany; Hart, Bonnie; Carpenter, Morgan; Ansara, Gavi; Leonard, William; Lucke, Jayne (2016).Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia(PDF).Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers.ISBN978-1-78374-208-0.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 14 September 2016.Retrieved2 February2016.
  96. ^"Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex"(PDF).United NationsOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.2015.Archived(PDF)from the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved28 March2016.
  97. ^Children's right to physical integrityArchived26 December 2013 at theWayback Machine,Council of EuropeParliamentary Assembly, Report Doc. 13297, 6 September 2013.
  98. ^"Trans? Intersex? Explained!".Inter/Act.Archived fromthe originalon 18 October 2014.Retrieved10 July2013.
  99. ^"Basic differences between intersex and trans".Organisation Intersex International Australia.3 June 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 4 September 2014.Retrieved10 July2013.
  100. ^Cabral Grinspan, Mauro(25 October 2015),The marks on our bodies,Intersex Day,archivedfrom the original on 5 April 2016,retrieved4 October2016
  101. ^"In this issue".Lab Animal.48(10): 269. 19 September 2019.doi:10.1038/s41684-019-0416-5.ISSN0093-7355.
  102. ^Klesse, Christian (2007).The Spectre of Promiscuity: Gay Male and Bisexual Non-Monogamies and Polyamories.Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.ISBN978-0-7546-4906-9.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.[clarification needed]
  103. ^Wilcox, Melissa M. (2003).Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community.Indiana University Press.ISBN978-0-253-21619-9.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  104. ^abcMohr, Richard D. (1988).Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law.Columbia University Press.ISBN978-0-231-06735-5.Archivedfrom the original on 19 June 2019.Retrieved5 July2008.
  105. ^abcdAtkins, Dawn (1998).Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities.Haworth Press.ISBN978-0-7890-0463-5.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  106. ^Blasius, Mark (1994).Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic.Temple University Press.ISBN978-1-56639-173-3.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  107. ^Tatchell, Peter (24 June 2009)."LGB - but why T?".mother-ship.com.Mothership Blog. Archived fromthe originalon 3 July 2009.Retrieved18 March2015.To try and separate the LGB from the T, and from women, is political madness. Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms. The right to be different is a fundamental human right. The idea that we should conform to straight expectations is demeaning and insulting.
  108. ^abcdeSycamore, Matt Bernstein (2005).That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation.Soft Skull Press.ISBN978-1-932360-56-1.Archivedfrom the original on 22 November 2012.Retrieved5 July2008.
  109. ^abcdCarlsson, Chris (2005).The Political Edge.City Lights Books.ISBN978-1-931404-05-1.Retrieved5 July2008.
  110. ^Leondar-Wright, Betsy (2005).Class Matters: Cross-Class Alliance Building for Middle-Class Activists.New Society Publishers.ISBN978-0-86571-523-3.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  111. ^"Anti-Gay".Marksimpson.com. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2011.Retrieved23 October2011.
  112. ^Julie Bindel(2 July 2014)."Viewpoint: Should gay men and lesbians be bracketed together?".BBC News Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on 3 July 2014.Retrieved4 July2014.
  113. ^"LGBT Groups Respond to Petition Asking to 'Drop the T'".www.advocate.com.6 November 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 17 May 2019.Retrieved1 June2019.
  114. ^"Signatures for 'Drop The T' counter-petition surpass original - PinkNews · PinkNews".www.pinknews.co.uk.12 November 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 17 May 2019.Retrieved1 June2019.
  115. ^"Why More Than 1,000 People Have Signed a Petition to Drop the" T "From LGBT".Teen Vogue.9 November 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 17 May 2019.Retrieved1 June2019.
  116. ^Beyer, Dana (12 November 2015)."Gay Transphobia, 2015 Style".HuffPost.Archivedfrom the original on 17 May 2019.Retrieved1 June2019.
  117. ^abcWorthen, Meredith G. F. (1 February 2023)."Queer identities in the 21st century: Reclamation and stigma".Current Opinion in Psychology.49:101512.doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101512.ISSN2352-250X.PMID36463589.S2CID253377540.
  118. ^Gamson, Joshua (1995)."Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma".Social Problems.42(3): 390–407.doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z.ISSN0037-7791.JSTOR3096854.
  119. ^Ayoub, Phillip; Paternotte, David (20 October 2014).LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?.Springer.ISBN978-1-137-39176-6.
  120. ^Armstrong, Elizabeth A. (2002).Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994.University of Chicago Press.ISBN978-0-226-02694-7.Archivedfrom the original on 22 November 2012.Retrieved5 July2008.
  121. ^Halpin, Mikki (2004).It's Your World—If You Don't Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers.Simon and Schuster.ISBN978-0-689-87448-2.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  122. ^Besanvalle, James (20 July 2018)."Five alternative terms you can use instead of LGBT".Gay Star News.Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2021.Retrieved20 January2021.
  123. ^Choudhuri, Devika Dibya; Curley, Kate (20 September 2019),"Multiplicity of LGBTQ+ Identities, Intersections, and Complexities",Rethinking LGBTQIA Students and Collegiate Contexts,Routledge, pp. 3–16,doi:10.4324/9780429447297-1,ISBN978-0-429-44729-7,S2CID210355997,archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2023,retrieved9 June2021
  124. ^Lapointe, Alicia (2016), Rodriguez, Nelson M.; Martino, Wayne J.; Ingrey, Jennifer C.; Brockenbrough, Edward (eds.),"Postgay",Critical Concepts in Queer Studies and Education: An International Guide for the Twenty-First Century,Queer Studies and Education, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 205–218,doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21,ISBN978-1-137-55425-3,archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2023,retrieved9 June2021
  125. ^New Zealand Human Rights Commission(2010),"Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities"(PDF),Human Rights in New Zealand(PDF),New Zealand, pp. 304–323, archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 April 2015
  126. ^Navtej Singh Johar&Ors.versus Union of Indiathr.Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice,2018 INSC 790(Supreme Court of India6 September 2018).
  127. ^Navtej Singh Johar&Ors.versus Union of Indiathr.Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice,2018 INSC 790,para. 72, page no 93 in concurring opinion by JusticeD.Y. Chandrachud(Supreme Court of India6 September 2018).
  128. ^"Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office".National Institutes of Health.Archivedfrom the original on 12 November 2020.Retrieved23 November2020.
  129. ^"Sexual and Gender Minority Clearinghouse".Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.Archivedfrom the original on 23 November 2020.Retrieved23 November2020.
  130. ^Park, Andrew (July 2016)."A Development Agenda for Sexual and Gender Minorities".Williams Institute.Archivedfrom the original on 12 November 2020.Retrieved23 November2020.
  131. ^"Duke Sexual and Gender Minority Health Program".Duke University.Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2021.Retrieved13 June2021.
  132. ^"Center for Sexual & Gender Minority Health".University of California San Francisco.Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2021.Retrieved13 June2021.
  133. ^Strategic Plan to Advance Research on the Health and Well-being of Sexual and Gender Minorities(PDF),National Institutes of Health,archived(PDF)from the original on 18 March 2021,retrieved23 November2020
  134. ^"Updates on Terminology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Survey Measures"(PDF).Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget.August 2020.Archived(PDF)from the original on 8 June 2021.Retrieved21 June2021.
  135. ^Gender and Strategic Communications in Conflict and Stabilisation Contexts(PDF),HM Government, January 2020,archived(PDF)from the original on 1 November 2020,retrieved23 November2020
  136. ^Constitution of Nepal,Nepal Law Commission, 2015,archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2020,retrieved24 November2020
  137. ^Jessica Antony; Wayne Antony (2022). Jessica Antony; Wayne Antony; Les Samuelson (eds.).Power and Resistance, 7th ed.: Critical Thinking About Canadian Social Issues.Halifax: Fernwood Publishing. p. 389.ISBN978-1-77363-539-2.OCLC1288193829.Archivedfrom the original on 5 January 2023.Retrieved5 January2023.
  138. ^"Welcome to the Bradford University Minority Sexual and Gender Identity Site!".Bradford Uni MSGI Society. 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2008.Retrieved9 September2008.
  139. ^"GSRM - Gender, Sexual, and Romantic Minorities".acronymfinder.com.Archivedfrom the original on 9 October 2014.Retrieved6 October2014.
  140. ^"'Diversities' May Enrich 'LGBTQIAP' Alphabet Soup ".The Huffington Post.19 September 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2014.Retrieved6 October2014.
  141. ^"LGBT? LGBTQ? Queer? QUILTBAG? GSM? GSRM?".queerumich.com.University of Michigan(onTumblr).Archivedfrom the original on 9 April 2015.Retrieved12 March2015.
  142. ^"Gender and Sexual Minority Students (LGBTIQA)".University of Derby.Archivedfrom the original on 9 February 2018.Retrieved12 March2015.
  143. ^Organisation proposes replacing the 'limiting' term LGBT with 'more inclusive' GSDArchived16 June 2018 at theWayback Machine,25 February 2013
  144. ^"'Gender And Sexual Diversities,' Or GSD, Should Replace 'LGBT,' Say London Therapists ".The Huffington Post.25 February 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2014.Retrieved6 October2014.
  145. ^"Pride on the prowl".Dalhousie News.Archivedfrom the original on 9 October 2014.Retrieved6 October2014.
  146. ^Rimmerman, Craig A.; Wald, Kenneth D.; Wilcox, Clyde (2006).The Politics of Gay Rights.University of Chicago Press.ISBN978-1-4129-0988-4.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2015.Retrieved2 July2015.
  147. ^Young, R M & Meyer, I H (2005) The Trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse American Journal of Public Health July 2005 Vol. 95 No. 7.
  148. ^Glick, M Muzyka, B C Salkin, L M Lurie, D (1994) Necrotizingulcerative periodontitis:a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis ofAIDSJournal of Periodontology 1994 65 p. 393–397.
  149. ^Brown-Acton, Phylesha (25 February 2020)."Hands and feet: A reflection on Polynesian navigation—a Niue Fakafifine community practitioner perspective in Aotearoa-New Zealand".Te Kaharoa.15(1).doi:10.24135/tekaharoa.v15i1.298.ISSN1178-6035.S2CID226134097.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2021.Retrieved2 October2021.
  150. ^"Rainbow".Le Va.Archivedfrom the original on 2 October 2021.Retrieved2 October2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toLGBT.
Look upLGBTorQUILTBAGin Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related toLGBT.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT&oldid=1235398148#Variants"