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In thisSpanish name,the first or paternalsurnameisChinchillaand the second or maternal family name isMiranda.
Laura Chinchilla
Official portrait,c. 2010
46thPresident of Costa Rica
In office
8 May 2010 – 8 May 2014
Vice PresidentAlfio Piva
Luis Liberman
Preceded byÓscar Arias
Succeeded byLuis Guillermo Solís
First-Vice President of Costa Rica
In office
8 May 2006 – 8 October 2008
PresidentÓscar Arias
Preceded byLineth Saborío Chaverri
Succeeded byAlfio Piva
President pro tempore of CELAC
In office
28 January 2014 – 8 May 2014
Preceded byRaúl Castro
Succeeded byLuis Guillermo Solís
Minister of Justice and Grace
In office
8 May 2006 – 8 October 2008
PresidentÓscar Arias
Preceded byPatricia Vega Herrera
Succeeded byViviana Martín Salazar
Minister of Public Security
In office
30 March 2008 – 14 April 2008
PresidentÓscar Arias
Preceded byFernando Berrocal Soto
Succeeded byJanina del Vecchio Ugalde
In office
12 November 1996 – 8 May 1998
PresidentJosé María Figueres
Preceded byBernardo Arce Gutiérrez
Succeeded byJuan Rafael Lizano Sáenz
Deputy of theLegislative Assembly of Costa Rica
In office
1 May 2002 – 30 April 2006
Preceded byGuido Monge Fernández
Succeeded byEvita Arguedas Maklouf
ConstituencySan José(13th Office)
Vice Minister of Public Security
In office
8 May 1994 – 12 November 1996
PresidentJosé María Figueres
Succeeded byÓscar Albán Chipsen
Personal details
Born
Laura Chinchilla Miranda

(1959-03-28)28 March 1959(age 65)
San José, Costa Rica
Political partyNational Liberation Party(until 2022)
Independent(2022-present)
Spouses
  • Mario Alberto Madrigal Díaz
    ​
    ​
    (m.1982;div.1985)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m.2000; died 2019)​
Children1
Alma mater
Signature

Laura Chinchilla Miranda(Spanish:[ˈlawɾatʃinˈtʃiʝamiˈɾanda];born 28 March 1959[1]) is aCosta Ricanpolitical scientist and politician who served asPresident of Costa Ricafrom 2010 to 2014. She was one ofÓscar Arias Sánchez's twoVice-Presidentsand his administration's Minister of Justice.[2]She was the governingPLNcandidate for president in the2010 general election,where she won with 46.76% of the vote on 7 February.[3]She was the eighthwoman presidentof a Latin American country and the first and so far only woman to become President of Costa Rica.[4]She was sworn in as President of Costa Rica on 8 May 2010.[5][6]

After leaving office, she taught atGeorgetown Universityin 2016.[7]Chinchilla is co-chair of theInter-American Dialoguethink tank and the vice-president ofClub de Madrid.Chinchilla previously served as a Fellow at theGeorgetown Institute of Politics and Public Service.[8]

Early life[edit]

Laura Chinchilla was born in theDesamparadosdistrict ofSan José,the oldest child of her family with three younger brothers.[9]Her father isRafael Ángel Chinchilla Fallas,who served as comptroller of Costa Rica from 1972 to 1987, and maintained general popularity among the public.[10]: 52 Her mother is Emilce Miranda Castillo.[citation needed]She attended theUniversity of Costa Ricawhere she obtained a degree in political science, and she then attendedGeorgetown Universityin the United States for a master's degree in public policy. She then returned to Costa Rica to work as a policy consultant for security and judicial reform.[10]: 50 

Chinchilla married Mario Alberto Madrigal Díaz on 23 January 1982. They divorced on 22 May 1985.[citation needed]Chinchilla met her second husband,José María Rico Cueto,a Spanish lawyer who heldCanadian citizenship,in 1990 while both were working as consultants for the Center for the Administration of Justice at theFlorida International UniversityinMiami, Florida.The couple had a son, José María Rico Chinchilla, in 1996.[citation needed]Chinchilla married Rico on 26 March 2000.[11]Chinchilla's marital history and the child she had out of wedlock did not significantly affect her political life—despite the country's significant Catholic population—due to a culture in Costa Rican politics of avoiding personal attacks.[10]: 50 

Chinchilla became the Vice Minister of Public Security under PresidentJosé María Figueres.Figueres then appointed herMinister of Public Security,and she became the first woman to hold the position. She was elected to theLegislative Assembly of Costa Ricain 2002.[10]: 50 Chinchilla became theFirst Vice President of Costa Ricain 2006, also taking the position ofMinister of Justice and Peace.She held these positions until 2008, when she resigned to run forPresident of Costa Ricain the2010 general election.[10]: 51 

2010 presidential campaign[edit]

Chinchilla's presidential campaign was unexpected, as she was not a prominent member of her political party, theNational Liberation Party,and she had previously given little indication of an interest in the presidency. Commentators have credited PresidentÓscar Ariaswith mentoring her for the presidency.[10]: 51 During her campaign, she benefited from an image that she was an outsider while still representing political continuity from Arias's administration.[10]: 60 Chinchilla's opponents accused her of being "a puppet of Arias", with one campaign advertisement depicting her as amarionettein his hands. She and her allies criticized double standards related to her gender, such as an increased focus on her wardrobe and suggestions that she was weaker.[10]: 75 

Chinchilla campaigned on the issues of social welfare, economic competitiveness, environmental protection, and domestic security.[12]: 16 She used the sloganfirme y honesta(firm and honest), suggesting both a strong criminal policy and an anti-corruption platform, both of which were significant priorities for the public.[10]: 60 She did not explicitly campaign on women's issues so as not to alienate voters, instead promoting issues that benefited families.[10]: 68 Major campaign promises included the construction of 20,000low-income housingunits, a reduction of theunemployment ratefrom 7.8% to 5.0%, and switching the nation to 95% renewable resources. She also spoke of improving infrastructure, child care, and law enforcement.[12]: 16 

In the National Liberation Party's primary election, Chinchilla won with a 15% margin over the runner up, in part due to Arias's endorsement of her candidacy.[10]: 57 During the general election, Chinchilla's main opponents wereOttón Solísof theCitizens' Action PartyandOtto Guevaraof theLibertarian Movement.[10]: 51 She won with approximately 47% of the vote, with Solís and Guevara splitting much of the rest between them.[10]: 52 Chinchilla had stronger support among women and the elderly. Her personality, her campaign strategy, and her womanhood were all represented as reasons for support in voter surveys.[13]: 91 Despite this, Chinchilla did not emphasize her gender during her campaign, instead campaigning on ideas of the traditional family.[13]: 95 

President of Costa Rica[edit]

Political capital[edit]

Chinchilla took office with the National Liberation Party holding 24 of the Legislative Assembly's 57 seats, giving her party a plurality. It attempted to reelectLuis Gerardo Villanuevaas the assembly's president in violation of procedure, resulting inJuan Carlos Mendoza Garcíaof the Citizen's Action Party taking the position.[10]: 104 Chinchilla had a mixed relationship with the legislature, feuding with both the opposition and with members of her own party. Political researcher Constantino Urcuyo estimated that only 12 members of the legislature were allied with her.[10]: 105 One year into her term, Chinchilla rejected Mendoza's proposal to raise congressional pay, causing the coalition government to break down.[10]: 104 

Chinchilla did not have a strongpolitical baseamong her constituents while president, even from voters within her own party.[10]: 117 Much of herpolitical capitalwas contingent on her association with Arias. When she diverged from his policy positions, she lost his backing as well as that of his supporters.[10]: 119 

Chinchilla's leadership was challenged in 2011 when Arias's brother,Rodrigo Arias Sánchez,announced his candidacy for president in the2014 general election.Making such an announcement shortly after Chinchilla took office was seen as a criticism of her leadership.[10]: 118 This dispute caused legislators in the National Liberation Party to split into factions, with Arias supporters demanding changes in Chinchilla's administration.[12]: 16 

Isla Calero[edit]

In 2010, the military of Nicaragua occupied the uninhabitedIsla Calero,adisputedterritory between the two nations. Chinchilla responded by writing a criticism of the action in theMiami Heraldand seeking adjudication from theInternational Court of Justice.The court ordered both nations to evacuate the island in March 2011, and her response to the incident is often considered a high point of her presidency.[10]: 106 

By mid-2011, President Chinchilla decided to build a 160 kilometer gravel road along the river, as a response to what she and her government saw as a Nicaraguan invasion of Costa Rican territory. The road was officially named “Ruta 1858, Juan Rafael Mora Porras” to honor a Costa Rican hero in a show of national pride.[14]

The road was to stretch more than 150 km. A decree of emergency allowed the government to waive environmental regulations and oversight from the General Comptroller (Contraloria General de la Republica). Neither environmental nor engineering studies were conducted before the road was announced. There were accusations of mismanagement and corruption. The Ministerio Publico (Costa Rican attorney general) announced an official inquiry about the charges of corruption. Francisco Jiménez, minister of public works and transportation, was dismissed by Chinchilla as a consequence of the affair.[citation needed]

Public image[edit]

Chinchilla presented a significant image of "soft or feminine" leadership. This was in part because of her leadership style of collaborating with others. Her supporters saw this as a sign of conciliation, while detractors saw it as an inability to act independently.[10]: 90–91 Her leadership was often contrasted with that of her predecessor, Arias, who maintained a strong, authoritative image and was less open to collaboration.[10]: 92 

In 2013, theMexicanopinion poll firm Consulta Mitofsky released a survey that placed Chinchilla as the least popular president inLatin Americawith a 13% approval rate, just behindPorfirio LoboofHonduras.[15]At the end of Chinchilla's presidency, Costa Rica had many economic troubles. Public debt had reached 50% of GDP, unemployment was steadily rising and, despite high annual growth, 20% of the population lived below the poverty line.[16]In 2016, Chinchilla was considered one of the most powerful women in Central America according to theWorld Economic Forum.[17]

Cabinet[edit]

Chinchilla appointed 42 cabinet ministers during her presidency, and she kept several ministers from the Arias presidency.[10]: 151 Her selection of ministers emphasizedtechnocraticand academic experience, though the appointment of Minister of PlanningLaura Alfarowas seen as a personal gesture.[10]: 159 Minister of Public Works and Transportation Francisco Jiménez was relieved from his position due to scandal.[10]: 161 Chinchilla elevated theNational Institute of Womento cabinet level status.[10]: 152 

The following were members of Chinchilla's presidential cabinet. Names marked with an asterisk (*) also held the position during Arias's presidency.[10]: 153–154 

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office
Minister of Agriculture and LivestockMay 2010May 2014
Minister of Telecommunications, Energy and EnvironmentMay 2010August 2012
August 2012May 2014
Minister of Social Well Being and FamilyMay 2012May 2014
Minister of Culture and YouthMay 2010May 2014
Minister of Decentralization & Local GovernmentsMay 2012June 2013
Minister of Economy, Industry & TradeMay 2010May 2014
Minister of EducationMay 2010May 2014
Minister of FinanceMay 2010May 2012
May 2012May 2014
Minister of Foreign Affairs
René Castro
May 2010July 2011
July 2011September 2011
September 2011May 2014
Minister of Foreign TradeMay 2010May 2014
Minister of HealthMay 2010August 2011
August 2011May 2014
Minister of HousingMay 2010October 2012
December 2012May 2014
Minister of Justice and PeaceMay 2010May 2012
May 2012June 2013
June 2013May 2014
Minister of Labor and Social SecurityMay 2010October 2012
October 2012May 2014
Minister of Planning and Economic PolicyMay 2010March 2011
March 2011May 2014
Minister of the PresidencyMay 2010April 2011
April 2011May 2014
Minister of Public SecurityMay 2010April 2011
May 2011May 2014
Minister of Public Works and TransportationMay 2010May 2012
June 2012September 2012
September 2012May 2014
Minister of Science and TechnologyMay 2010February 2011
February 2011March 2014
Minister of SportsMay 2010February 2011
Carlos Ricardo Benavides*
February 2011May 2011
May 2011April 2012
May 2012June 2012
December 2012May 2014
Minister of Tourism
Carlos Ricardo Benavides
May 2010April 2011
April 2011March 2014

Policies and political views[edit]

Chinchilla's politics have been described ascentre-right,[9]and she is considered a social conservative.[18][19]

Economy[edit]

At the time of Chinchilla's inauguration, theGreat Recessionhad caused Costa Rica's economy to decline, and recovery from the recession took place during her term. GDP growth reached 5% at its highest point while she was president, while overall poverty and unemployment increased.[10]: 117 

Chinchilla was expected to give continuity to the previous government's pro-free tradepolicies.[18]She signed free trade agreements with China and Singapore, but the deals were not completed.[10]: 117 Chinchilla also began the process of incorporating Costa Rica into theOECD.[20]

Chinchilla increased taxes on corporations and allocated the funds to security.[10]: 118 

Crime and security[edit]

Chinchilla had significant experience in security issues when she was elected president, as this was the main area in which she worked, and it was one of her main policy areas of interest.[10]: 51 Her security policy saw a mixed response. During her presidency, the number of homicides went down, but other violent crimes became more common.[10]: 118 Femicidedeclined during her term by nearly 70%.[21]In her first hundred days as president, Chinchilla hired hundreds of police officers and expanded the country's prison capacity.[12]: 22 After conducting a citizen consultation, the Citizen Security and Social Peace Policy (POLSEPAZ) was designed,[22]defining the main strategic lines of action and the need to promote a comprehensive, sustainable and state policy on the matter.[citation needed]

Chinchilla rejected more punitive measures against crime outside of major drug trafficking crimes. Instead, she described poverty and inequality as leading causes of crime, and herwelfarepolicy was integrated with her security policy. She held a moderate position on crime, favoring strong enforcement in conjunction with prevention.[23]

Environment[edit]

Chinchilla was a supporter of environmentalist policies while she was president. During her campaign, she declared her intention to see Costa Rica becarbon neutralby 2021.[10]: 108 In 2011, she implemented Costa Rica's second moratorium on petroleum exploitation, which was later extended. To do so, she cited the constitution's guarantee of a right to a health environment. Costa Rica only had limited petroleum operations, but the move was met with extended legal challenges from energy companies.[24]

The government sustainability variable was displayed by Chinchilla promoting policies for the generation of clean energy which exceeded 90% of electricity generation from renewable sources, at the end of her term.[25]Equal importance was given to the protection of the seas, through Chinchilla's extension of marine protection zones and a strong fight againstshark finning,[26]this led to international recognition for her efforts made towards sustainability.[27]

One of Chinchilla's first actions upon taking office was to restore a ban onopen-pit gold mining,which had been a subject of controversy in Arias's presidency.[12]: 17 

Education[edit]

Education became one Chinchilla's greatest priorities. She moved into actionArticle 78 of Costa Rica’s Constitution[permanent dead link],The Strengthening Education Effort, whereby the government must allocate 8% of its funding toward education.[1][failed verification]During her tenure the actual figure reached 7.2%, the highest of any country in the region.[2][failed verification]

Chinchilla continued theAvancemosprogram that Arias had established in 2006 to give financial support to families inextreme povertyas their children progress in school.[10]: 234 

Foreign relations[edit]

Chinchilla meets with U.S. PresidentBarack Obamaon 3 May 2013

After leaving office, Chinchilla joined Arias and other Latin American figures in a joint statement supporting theCuban thawand demanding democracy in Cuba.[28]

Social issues[edit]

One of Chinchilla's main programs as president wasRed de Cuido(Network of Care), which fundedchild careandelderly care.[10]: 107 It was first established after she took office in 2010, having spoken about it extensively during her campaign. The program involved many organizations, such as theJoint Social Welfare Institute,CEN-CINAI PANI,local governments, communityNGOs,and churches. The program was expanded in May 2014 when Chinchilla signed the National Network of Care into law, creating the Technical Secretariat of the Network of Care. 852 new care sites had been built through the program during Chinchilla's presidency.[10]: 233 This program was recognized by international organizations.[29]

Chinchilla opposedseparation of church and statein Costa Rica, wishing to retain its status as aRoman Catholicnation.[30]

Chinchilla opposedabortionandemergency contraceptionas president. She also opposedin vitro fertilisation,but she legalized it in April 2013 following an order from theInter-American Court of Human Rights.[10]: 235–236 

Chinchilla personally opposedsame-sex marriageas president, but she agreed to sign bill that made it legal. The law was later rejected as invalid by the courts.[10]: 235 

Post-presidency[edit]

Chinchilla led the Observation Mission deployed by theOASto Mexico to observe the June 2015 federal election, as well as the Observation Electoral Mission during the 2016 elections in the US, and the electoral process in Brazil[31]and in Paraguay[32]in 2018.

Chinchilla currently teaches atGeorgetown University[7]at the Institute of Politics and Public Service and is also the titular of the Cathedra José Bonifácio, at theUniversity of São Paulo,since 2018,[33]and leads the Latin American Chair of Citizenship in the School of Government and Public Transformation of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education.[34]

Since 2016, Chinchilla has been serving as the president of the Advisory Council of She Works, a company focused on the empowerment of women;[35]and is also a rapporteur for the freedom of expression of theTelecommunications Organization of Latin America.[citation needed]

Chinchilla was widowed on 15 April 2019, when her husband died of Alzheimer's.[11]

In 2019, Chinchilla served on the advisory board of the annualHuman Development Reportof theUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP), co-chaired byThomas PikettyandTharman Shanmugaratnam.[36]In 2020, she was Costa Rica's candidate to head the Washington-basedInter-American Development Bank.[37]Shortly before the vote, she dropped her bid, arguing that the process favored U.S. PresidentDonald Trump’s nomineeMauricio Claver-Carone.[38]

In addition, Chinchilla holds numerous other positions, including the following:

Awards and recognition[edit]

Laura Chinchilla in 2010

Chinchilla was awarded with the “Women of the Decade in Public Life and Leadership Award” at the Women Economic Forum in Amsterdam.[49]She holds Honorary Doctorates from theUniversity for Peaceof the United Nations,[50]Georgetown University,[51]and Kyoto University of Foreign Studies.[52]

Publications[edit]

She has several publications, in Spanish and English—books, monographs and articles—on issues related to the administration of justice, citizen security, and police reform. Among the most prominent are:

  • Community Crime Prevention, Center for the Administration of Citizen Security Justice in Latin America, Siglo XXI Editors (2002).
  • Police Reforms in Latin America, Open Society Institute (2006).
  • Seguridad Ciudadana en América Latina y el Caribe.Laura Chinchilla and Doreen Vorndran. BID (2018).
  • Unfulfilled Promises.Latin America Today The InterAmerican Dialogue (2019).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^de Miguel, Veronica (14 August 2012)."Laura Chinchilla: Is honesty enough for Costa Rica?".VOXXI.Archived fromthe originalon 5 February 2013.Retrieved15 December2012.
  2. ^"Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of Foreign Governments".The Central Intelligence Agency of America. Archived fromthe originalon 24 March 2010.Retrieved22 February2010.
  3. ^"2010 Presidential election results"(in Spanish). Supreme Court of Elections. 8 February 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 25 February 2010.Retrieved22 February2010.
  4. ^"Costa Rica to inaugurate first female president Saturday".Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, República de Costa Rica. 6 May 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 9 May 2010.Retrieved8 May2010.
  5. ^Economist.com
  6. ^Skard, Torild (2014) "Laura Chinchilla" inWomen of power - Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide,Bristol: Policy PressISBN978-1-44731-578-0,pp. 238-40
  7. ^ab"Laura Chinchilla - GU Politics".Retrieved4 October2016.
  8. ^"Laura Chinchilla (GRD '89)".Institute of Politics and Public Service.Retrieved20 April2021.
  9. ^abLong, Chrissie; Miller Llana, Sara (8 February 2010)."Costa Rica elects first woman president, inspiring the region".Christian Science Monitor.ISSN0882-7729.Retrieved19 September2023.
  10. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalJalalzai, Farida (20 August 2015).Women Presidents of Latin America: Beyond Family Ties?.Routledge.ISBN978-1-317-66835-0.
  11. ^abLáscarez, Carlos (15 April 2019)."Muere José María Rico, esposo de la expresidenta Laura Chinchilla".La Nación (San José).Archivedfrom the original on 16 April 2019.Retrieved21 April2019.
  12. ^abcdePolitical Risk Yearbook: Costa Rica Country Forecast (Report). The Political Risk Services Group. 30 November 2011.
  13. ^abFlórez-Estrada, Maria (2010). "La Campaña De Laura Chinchilla Y Las Mujeres: ¿Oportunismo o Compromiso Con Un Nuevo Pacto Sexual?".Revista de Ciencias Sociales(in Spanish).4(130). University of Costa Rica: 85–99.
  14. ^"Nombre de trocha fronteriza revive espíritu nacionalista - EL PAÍS - La Nación".La Nación El Pais.18 February 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 23 February 2012.Retrieved19 September2023.
  15. ^"Presidente Chinchilla en sótano de popularidad en América Latina"
  16. ^"Costa Rica: Solis remporte sans surprise la présidentielle".Le Monde.fr.7 April 2014.
  17. ^"Las 50 mujeres más poderosas de Centroamérica".4 August 2016.
  18. ^abMarín, Karmentxu (23 May 2010)."Todos rosarios".El País.Retrieved8 June2010.
  19. ^Hernandez, Daniel (10 May 2010)."Costa Rica welcomes Laura Chinchilla, its first female president".Los Angeles Times.Retrieved4 January2024.
  20. ^"Costa Rica's adherence to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises".Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 30 September 2013.Retrieved5 April2018.
  21. ^Herrera, Manuel (25 November 2013)."Disminuyen los femicidios en Costa Rica durante el 2013".La Nación(in Spanish).Retrieved5 April2018.
  22. ^"Política Nacional Integral y Sostenible de Seguridad Ciudadana y Promoción de la Paz"(in Spanish). United Nations Development Programme. 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 6 October 2017.Retrieved5 April2018.
  23. ^Malone, Mary Fran T.; Dammert, Lucía; Pérez, Orlando J. (2023).Making Police Reform Matter in Latin America.Lynne Rienner Publishers, Incorporated. p. 105.ISBN978-1-68585-353-2.
  24. ^Tudela, Fernando (13 September 2020)."Obstacles and opportunities for moratoria on oil and gas exploration or extraction in Latin America and the Caribbean".Climate Policy.20(8): 923–924.doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1760772.ISSN1469-3062.
  25. ^"Costa Rica: committed to renewable energy".The Costa Rica Star.13 October 2012.Retrieved5 April2018.
  26. ^Ercolani, Steve (19 October 2012)."Fighting shark finning in Costa Rica".Al Jazeera.Retrieved5 April2018.
  27. ^Fendt, Lindsay (28 November 2013)."Costa Rican President Laura Chinchilla named Shark Guardian of the Year".The Tico Times.Retrieved5 April2018.
  28. ^"Documents on Democracy".Journal of Democracy.27(3): 187–189.
  29. ^Guzmán, Juany (2014)."Red Nacional de Cuido y Desarrollo Infantil en Costa Rica. El proceso de construcción 2010-2014"(PDF).Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.Retrieved5 April2018.
  30. ^"No desde Costa Rica al aborto, Estado laico y matrimonios homosexuales"(in Spanish). elnuevoalcazar.es. 3 February 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 6 February 2010.Retrieved22 February2010.
  31. ^"Electoral Observation Mission of the Organization of American States (EOM/OAS)".www.itamaraty.gov.br.Retrieved22 October2019.
  32. ^OAS (1 August 2009)."OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development".www.oas.org.Retrieved22 October2019.
  33. ^"Ex-presidente da Costa Rica assume a Cátedra José Bonifácio".Jornal da USP(in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 April 2018.Retrieved22 October2019.
  34. ^https://escueladegobierno.itesm.mx/profesores-e-investigacion/personal-docente/mtra-laura-chinchilla-miranda
  35. ^"About us - SheWorks!".25 June 2021.
  36. ^2019 Human Development Report Advisory Board MembersUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP).
  37. ^Stott, Michael (4 March 2020)."Latin America must curb inequality or risk decline, IADB chief warns".Financial Times.Retrieved20 September2023.
  38. ^"Ex-Costa Rican leader drops bid to lead Inter-American Development Bank".Reuters.3 September 2020.Retrieved20 September2023.
  39. ^Seven new Members join International IDEA’s Board of AdvisersInternational Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance(International IDEA), press release of 8 December 2020.
  40. ^Expert: Laura ChincillaAtlantic Council.
  41. ^Laura Chinchilla MirandaClub of Madrid.
  42. ^MembersCouncil of Women World Leaders.
  43. ^"Inter-American Dialogue | Laura Chinchilla".www.thedialogue.org.Retrieved4 October2016.
  44. ^"President Laura Chinchilla and Ambassador Thomas A. Shannon, Jr. Selected as New Co-Chairs of the Inter-American Dialogue".The Dialogue.31 October 2018.Retrieved22 October2019.
  45. ^"Ms Laura CHINCHILLA - Comité Olímpico Nacional de Costa Rica, IOC Member since 2019".International Olympic Committee.1 July 2019.Retrieved22 October2019.
  46. ^"IOC membership expands to 105 as 10 new members elected - Xinhua | English.news.cn".www.xinhuanet.com.Archived fromthe originalon 22 October 2019.Retrieved22 October2019.
  47. ^"» Kofi Annan Foundation launches Commission on Elections and Democracy in the Digital Age".Kofi Annan Foundation.15 January 2019.Retrieved22 October2019.
  48. ^"Digital Dangers to Democracy".Kofi Annan Foundation.28 January 2019.Retrieved22 October2019.
  49. ^"Laura Chinchilla galardonada como" mujer de la década "| Crhoy.com".CRHoy.com | Periodico Digital | te=2019-10-22.
  50. ^"For the first time, South America's UPEACE confers Doctor Honoris Causa on Indian leader".The Financial Express.9 March 2019.Retrieved22 October2019.
  51. ^"Honorary Degree Recipients".Governance.Retrieved22 October2019.
  52. ^"Features & Activities | ABOUT KYOTO UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES | Kyoto University of Foreign Studies".www.kufs.ac.jp.Retrieved22 October2019.

External links[edit]

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Assembly seats
Preceded by
Guido Monge Fernández
 Deputy of theLegislative Assembly of Costa RicaforSan José's 13th Office
2002–2006 		Succeeded by
Evita Arguedas Maklouf
Party political offices
Preceded by
Fernando Naranjo Villalobos
 PLNnominee for First-Vice President of Costa Rica
2006 		Succeeded by
Preceded by PLNnominee for President of Costa Rica
2010 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by First-Vice President of Costa Rica
2006–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Costa Rica
2010–2014 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by President pro tempore of CELAC
2014 		Succeeded by
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