Lexical resource
In digitallexicography,natural language processing,anddigital humanities,alexical resourceis alanguage resourceconsisting ofdataregarding thelexemesof thelexiconof one or morelanguagese.g., in the form of adatabase.[1]
Characteristics
[edit]Different standards for the machine-readable edition of lexical resources exist, e.g.,Lexical Markup Framework (LMF)anISO standardfor encoding lexical resources, comprising an abstract data model and anXMLserialization,[2]andOntoLex-Lemon,anRDFvocabulary for publishing lexical resources asknowledge graphson the web, e.g., asLinguistic Linked Open Data.[3]
Depending on the type of languages that are addressed, a lexical resource may be qualified asmonolingual,bilingualormultilingual.For bilingual and multilingual lexical resources, the words may be connected or not connected from one language to another. When connected, theequivalencefrom a language to another is performed through a bilingual link (for bilingual lexical resources, e.g., using the relationvartrans:translatableAsinOntoLex-Lemon) or through multilingual notations (for multilingual lexical resources, e.g., by reference to the sameontolex:Conceptin OntoLex-Lemon).[4]
It is possible also to build and manage a lexical resource consisting of different lexicons of the same language, for instance, one dictionary for general words and one or several dictionaries for different specialized domains.
Machine-readable dictionary vs. NLP dictionary
[edit]Lexical resources in digitallexicographyare often referred to asmachine-readable dictionary(MRD), adictionarystored as machine (computer) data instead of being printed on paper. It is anelectronic dictionaryand lexical database. The term MRD is often contrasted withNLPdictionary, in the sense that an MRD is the electronic form of a dictionary which was printed before on paper. Although being both used by programs, in contrast, the term NLP dictionary is preferred when the dictionary was built from scratch with NLP in mind.[5]
Lexical database
[edit]Alexical databaseis a lexical resource which has an associated software environmentdatabasewhich permits access to its contents. The database may be custom-designed for the lexical information or a general-purpose database into which lexical information has been entered.
Information typically stored in a lexical database includesspelling,lexical categoryandsynonymsof words, as well assemanticandphonologicalrelations between different words or sets of words.
See also
[edit]- Lexical Markup Framework (LMF),ISO standardfor encoding lexical resources, comprising an abstract data model and anXMLserialization
- OntoLex-Lemon,RDFvocabulary for publishing lexical resources on the web, e.g., asLinguistic Linked Open Data
- LRECconference series
- Machine-readable dictionary
- WordNet
- Arabic Ontology
References
[edit]- ^SARMA, Shikhar Kr, et al.Building multilingual lexical resources using wordnets: Structure, design and implementation.In:Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of the Lexicon.2012. S. 161-170.
- ^Francopoulo, Gil; Bel, Nuria; George, Monte; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Pet, Mandy; Soria, Claudia (2009-03-01)."Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF)"(PDF).Language Resources and Evaluation.43(1): 57–70.doi:10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5.ISSN1574-0218.S2CID7697316.
- ^Cimiano, Philipp; Chiarcos, Christian; McCrae, John P.; Gracia, Jorge (2020),Linguistic Linked Data: Representation, Generation and Applications,Springer International Publishing, pp. 45–59,doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30225-2_4,ISBN978-3-030-30225-2,S2CID214148590
- ^Cimiano, Phillip; McCrae, John P.; Buitelaar, Paul."Lexicon Model for Ontologies: Community Report, 10 May 2016 Final Community Group Report 10 May 2016".W3C.Retrieved6 December2019.
- ^Gil Francopoulo (edited by) LMF Lexical Markup Framework, ISTE / Wiley 2013 (ISBN978-1-84821-430-9)