Liaoyuan
Liaoyuan
Liêu nguyên thị Liao-yüan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname: Đại ngật đáp( "Great lump" ) | |
 Liaoyuan City (yellow) in Jilin (light grey) and China | |
  Liaoyuan Location of city centre in Jilin | |
| Coordinates (Liaoyuan municipal government):42°53′17″N125°08′41″E/ 42.8880°N 125.1447°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jilin |
| County-level divisions | 4 |
| Incorporated (county) | August 4, 1902 |
| Incorporated (County-level city) | October 15, 1948 |
| Incorporated (Prefecture-level city) | October 3, 1983 |
| Municipal seat | Longshan District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| •CPCLiaoyuan Secretary | Wu Lan |
| • Mayor | Jin Yuhui |
| Area | |
| •Prefecture-level city | 5,125 km2(1,979 sq mi) |
| • Urban (2017)[1] | 46.30 km2(17.88 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 260 m (850 ft) |
| Population (2010)[2] | |
| •Prefecture-level city | 1,176,645 |
| • Density | 230/km2(590/sq mi) |
| •Urban (2017)[1] | 475,400 |
| • Urban density | 10,000/km2(27,000/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| •Prefecture-level city | CN¥72.7 billion US$11.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 59,905 US$ 9,618 |
| Time zone | UTC+8(China Standard) |
| Postal code | 136200 |
| Area code | 0437 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-JL-04 |
| License Plate Prefix | Cát D |
Liaoyuan(simplified Chinese:Liêu nguyên;traditional Chinese:Liêu nguyên;pinyin:Liáoyuán) is aprefecture-level cityinJilinprovince, People's Republic of China. It is bounded on the west and south byTielingofLiaoningprovince, west and north bySiping,and east byTonghuaandJilin City.Liaoyuan lies some 100 km (62 mi) south ofChangchun,the provincial capital. Covering an area of 5,125 km2(1,979 sq mi), Liaoyuan is the smallest among theprefecture-level divisionsof Jilin. Liaoyuan has a total population of 1,176,645 in the prefecture, while the urban area has a population of 462,233.[2]
History[edit]
Liaoyuan was an imperial hunting ground during theQing dynasty,going by the name Shengjing Paddock (Thịnh kinh vi tràng). Ordinary citizens were prohibited from entering this region until late 1800s, when waves of immigrants fromHebei,ShandongandHenanbegan to populateManchuria(seeChuang Guandong). In 1902, Qing government establishedXi'an County(Tây an huyện) in this region, which became today'sXi'an District.
The discovery ofcoalunderground shortly afterwards brought prosperity to the city. Between 1931 and 1945, Xi'an was an important coal-mining city inManchukuoand also the place whereAmerican ArmyGeneralJonathan M. Wainwrightwas held as a prisoner. AfterWorld War II,Xi'an County was renamed toBeifeng County(simplified Chinese:Bắc phong huyện;traditional Chinese:Bắc phong huyện) to avoid confusion withXi'aninShaanxi.During theChinese Civil War,Xi'an was a focal point of the intense fighting between theCommunistandNationalistforces until the summer of 1947 when it was permanently captured by the Communist force. The city was renamed Liaoyuan (literally the source of the EastLiao River) in 1952, and the county previously named Liaoyuan was renamed toShuangliao.As acounty-level city,Liaoyuan was underSipingPrefecture's jurisdiction till 1983, when it became a prefecture-level city, administering two districts and two counties.
Geography and Climate[edit]
Liaoyuan has a temperate semi-humid monsoon climate. The average annual sunshine totals 2,580 hours, while the average annual precipitation is just above 620 mm (24 in).[4]The average temperature is 5.78 °C (42.4 °F).[4]Liaoyuan is replete with water resources. There are 56 rivers and streams running through the city, including tributes ofLiao RiverandSonghua River.In addition, Liaoyuan is also rich in timber and mineral resources. Mineral resources such aslimestone,marble,coal,silica,andwollastoniteare abundant. Forests cover 42% of the city's lands.
| Climate data for Liaoyuan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
30.2 (86.4) |
34.6 (94.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
36.7 (98.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.3 (81.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.3 (4.5) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
6.1 (42.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
0.1 (32.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.0 (−41.8) |
−36.3 (−33.3) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−25.8 (−14.4) |
−36.9 (−34.4) |
−41.0 (−41.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 5.6 (0.22) |
8.1 (0.32) |
15.4 (0.61) |
30.3 (1.19) |
60.0 (2.36) |
92.9 (3.66) |
148.4 (5.84) |
169.0 (6.65) |
52.3 (2.06) |
31.4 (1.24) |
20.0 (0.79) |
8.8 (0.35) |
642.2 (25.29) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 14.0 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 105.2 |
| Average snowy days | 8.1 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 6.4 | 8.4 | 39.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 71 | 66 | 59 | 53 | 57 | 68 | 79 | 81 | 75 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 68 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 172.9 | 189.1 | 219.1 | 216.0 | 242.0 | 223.7 | 201.3 | 206.7 | 214.8 | 197.9 | 160.2 | 152.9 | 2,396.6 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 59 | 63 | 59 | 54 | 53 | 49 | 44 | 48 | 58 | 59 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions[edit]
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 est.) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Longshan District | Long sơn khu | Lóngshān Qū | 283,045 | 257 | 1,101 |
| 2 | Xi'an District | Tây an khu | Xī'ān Qū | 179,188 | 172 | 1,042 |
| 3 | Dongfeng County | Đông phong huyện | Dōngfēng Xiàn | 408,679 | 2,522 | 162 |
| 4 | Dongliao County | Đông liêu huyện | Dōngliáo Xiàn | 396,121 | 2,174 | 182 |
Economy[edit]
Coal miningin Liaoyuan started in lateQing dynastyand continued to be the most important industry for more than 100 years. During theJapanese occupationfrom 1931 to 1945, Liaoyuan was the second largest coal-mining center ofManchukuo,preceded only byFushun.This city continued to produce approximately 3 million tons ofcoalevery year till the mid-1990s, when the exhaustion of coal resource brought the economy of this city to a standstill. The city succeeded in transforming its economic structure from a mining oriented one to a light manufacturing oriented one. At present, the city is the largest cotton-sockmanufacturing center in China. Furthermore, thealuminumshell ofAppleMacBook Prois also manufactured in this city. Liaoyuan has a GDP of RMB 50 billion in 2011, rising 15.6% year on year.[6]
Transportation[edit]
TheChangchun-Liaoyuan Expressway and theSiping-MeihekouRailway run through the city.Changchun Airportis within one and a half-hour's drive from Liaoyuan.
Tourism[edit]
Guandong deer meat is one of the popular dishes among local people since Liaoyuan has a long history of raising deer.
Notable people[edit]
- Xie Jun,Chinesechess grandmaster,formerWomen's World Chess Champion
- Yan Xuejing,ChineseErrenzhuanand TV-series actress
- Xue Cun,Chinese singer, movie director
Accident[edit]
On December 16, 2005, a fire in Liaoyuan Central Hospital killed at least 39 people, 33 of whom were patients. The cause of the fire was wire-aging, as reported by local media.(BBC)
Sports[edit]
The 15,000-capacityLiaoyuan Stadiumis the largest stadium in the city. It opened in 2006 and it is used mostly forassociation footballmatches. The stadium also has an athletics track.
Sister cities[edit]
 |
Cherepovets,Vologda Oblast,Russia
References[edit]
- ^abMinistry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,ed. (2019).China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017.Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50.Retrieved11 January2020.
- ^abCát lâm tỉnh thống kế cục phát bố liêu nguyên thị thường trụ nhân khẩu 1176645 nhân.Sina.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-06-13.Retrieved2011-11-19.
- ^Cát lâm tỉnh thống kế cục, quốc gia thống kế cục cát lâm điều tra tổng đội (September 2016).《 cát lâm thống kế niên giám －2016》.Trung quốc thống kế xuất bản xã.ISBN978-7-5037-7899-5.Archived fromthe originalon 2018-04-28.Retrieved2017-06-05.
- ^abcTrung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved7 July2023.
- ^ Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved7 July2023.
- ^Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks
External links[edit]
- Liaoyuan Public Information Network(Chinese)
- Official Website of Liaoyuan Government(Chinese)
- Liaoyuan Online(Chinese)
| Authority control databases:Geographic |
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