List of national parks of Canada

This article is about the park system administered by the Government of Canada. For a list of provincial parks in Quebec (called “national parks” by that province), seeNational Parks of Quebec § List of national parks in Quebec.

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Parks in Canada's provinces and territories

Canada's national parksareprotected areasunder theCanada National Parks Act,owned by theGovernment of Canadaand administered for the benefit, education, and enjoyment of the people ofCanadaand itsfuture generations.National parks are administered byParks Canada,aCrown agencyoperating under the jurisdiction of theMinistry of Environment and Climate Change.The goal of the national parks system is to set aside lands representing the country's 39 distinct natural regions described in theNational Parks System Plan,primarily to protect the ecological integrity of the land, and secondarily to allow the public to explore, learn about and enjoy Canada's natural spaces.

Canada's firstnational parkwas created in 1885 through anOrder-in-Councilto reserve 26 km²(10 sq mi) over theCave and Basin Hot Springsto prevent the land from being sold for private development despite claims being made for it. Modelled after the American experience withYellowstone National Park,theRocky Mountains Park Act,adopted in 1887, established the Rocky Mountains Park (nowBanff National Park).The idea of a national park was popular and led to numerous proposals for theMinistry of the Interiorto consider, including additional sites along theCanadian Pacific Railway(e.g. Yoho and Glacier and an expansion of Banff) and theGrand Trunk Pacific Railway(e.g. Jasper). In 1911 theRocky Mountains Park Actwas replaced by theDominion Forest Reserves and Parks Actwhich created the world's first National Park Service, the Dominion Parks Branch, to administer national parks in Canada.These early national parks, including those established under the leadership ofJB Harkinwho was the first commissioner of the Dominion Parks Branch, were set aside to reserve lands principally for tourism and conservation but also had an exclusionary policy prohibitingFirst Nationspeoples from using their traditional lands within the new parks.In 1922,Wood Buffalo National Parkwas the first to allow traditional indigenous activities to continue. In 1972, Parks Canada defined national park reserves as lands administered by the agency intended to become national parks pending settlement ofindigenous land rightsand agreements for continued traditional use of the lands.

As of July 2021,there are 38 national parks, 10 national park reserves, andone national urban park,covering an area of approximately 342,456 km²(132,223 sq mi),or about 3.3% of the total land area of Canada, and representing 31 of its 39 natural regions. There is at least one park located in every one of the nation's13 provinces and territories.Parks Canada reported attendance of 15,449,249 at all national parks and reserves in 2016–17, including over four million visits to the busiest park (Banff) and only two persons at the least-visited park (Tuktut Nogait).Parks Canada additionally manages threeNational Marine Conservation Areas(NMCAs), a single NMCA Reserve, and the country's loneNational Landmark.TheCanada National Parks Actalso allows for recognition ofNational Historic Sitesthat commemorate events, landmarks, or objects of national importance, and which may include similar levels of protection and administration as national parks.Feasibility studies are underway to establish further national parks in unrepresented regions.

National parks and national park reserves

National park reserves are indicated by "(Reserve)" after the park name. The national urban park is indicated by "(Urban)" after the park name.

*UNESCO World Heritage Site

†UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

‡ Parks designated in both UNESCO programs

Name	Photo	Location	Established	Area (2017)	Annual visitors (2022–23)	Natural region	Description
Akami−Uapishkᵘ−KakKasuak−Mealy Mountains (Reserve)		Newfoundland and Labrador 53°24′N59°22′W	July 31, 2015	10,700 km2(4,131 sq mi)		East coast boreal	The park includes a portion of the glacially-roundedMealy MountainsonLabradorfromLake MelvilletoSandwich Bayand includes some sandy beaches along the coast of theLabrador Sea.
Aulavik		Northwest Territories 73°42′N119°55′W	1992	12,200 km2(4,710 sq mi)	34	Western arctic lowlands	Located on the northern part ofBanks Island,the completely treelesspolar desertof Aulavik is home to the world's largest concentration ofmuskoxen,as well as the endangeredPeary caribou.
Auyuittuq		Nunavut 67°53′N65°01′W	2001	19,089 km2(7,370 sq mi)	256	Northern Davis region	One of Canada's largest parks and located almost entirely within theArctic Circle,Auyuittuq onBaffin Islandpreserves a rugged arctic wilderness featuring some of the highest peaks of theCanadian Shield.
Banff*		Alberta 51°30′N116°0′W	November 25, 1885	6,641 km2(2,564 sq mi)	4,130,081	Rocky Mountains	The first park established by the federal government of Canada, Banff includes theValley of the Ten Peaks,theWaptaandWaputik Icefields,several ski resorts, and the communities ofLake LouiseandBanff.It is part of theCanadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Siteand adjacent to Kootenay, Yoho, and Jasper National Parks.
Bruce Peninsula†		Ontario 45°14′N81°37′W	1987	125 km2(48 sq mi)	460,435	St. Lawrence lowlands	Formed from lands previously designated Ontario's Cyprus Lake Provincial Park, Bruce preserves a unique shoreline formation of theNiagara Escarpmentand forms part of the larger UNESCONiagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve.TheBruce Trail,one of Canada's longest hiking trails, passes through the park. The locally threatenedmassasauga rattlesnakeis found within the park, as well as Canada's southernmost population ofblack bears.
Cape Breton Highlands		Nova Scotia 46°43′N60°40′W	1936	948 km2(366 sq mi)	277,203	Maritime Acadian highlands	Atlantic Canada's oldest national park featuresAcadianandboreal forestenvironments in theCape Breton Highlands.One-third of theCabot Trailpasses through the central portion of the park. Most of Nova Scotia's population ofCanada lynxare found in this park, and the endangeredNorth Atlantic right whaleis found in waters off the park's coast.Western moosewere introduced to this park from Alberta's Elk Island National Park between 1947 and 1948, the nativeeastern moosehaving been hunted to near-extinction.Parks Canadastarted a four-year project with the Unama'ki Institute of Natural Resources and other partners to begin to restore boreal forest regions within this park in 2014.
Elk Island†		Alberta 53°37′N112°52′W	1913	194 km2(75 sq mi)	409,891	Southern boreal plains & plateaux	Created as a wildlife sanctuary for elk, the park has become a part of bison conservation, theBeaver Hills Dark Sky Preserve,and theBeaver Hills Biosphere Reserve.Eighteen moose (nine males and nine females) from Elk Island were introduced to Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Highlands National Park between 1947 and 1948.
Forillon		Quebec 48°54′N64°21′W	June 8, 1970 (federal-provincial agreement)	240 km2(93 sq mi)	164,130	Notre Dame & Megantic Mountains	The lands of the first park in Quebec were traditional hunting and fishing grounds for theMi'kmaqandIroquois,and were exploited for their rich supplies of lumber.Two hundred twenty-five families were controversiallyexpropriatedfrom the park lands prior to creation of the park in 1970. In 2011, the Government of Canada issued a formal apology to these families for their mistreatment.
Fundy†		New Brunswick 45°36′N64°57′W	1948	206 km2(80 sq mi)	303,575	Maritime Acadian highlands	Featuring the highesttidesin the world, theBay of Fundyexposes ocean floor at low tide which is covered by up to 16 m (52 ft) of salt water at high tide.The park forms the core portion of the UNESCOFundy Biosphere Reserve.
Georgian Bay Islands†		Ontario 44°53′N79°52′W	1930	14 km2(5 sq mi)	27,482	Great Lakes—St.Lawrence precambrian region	Beausoleil Islandis the largest of the small islands which make up the park, which originally includedFlowerpot Island.The islands form part of the UNESCOGeorgian Bay Littoral Biosphere Reserve.
Glacier		British Columbia 51°18′N117°31′W	October 10, 1886	1,349 km2(521 sq mi)	775,190	Columbia Mountains	Representative of the Columbia Mountains natural region, this park includesIllecillewaet Glacier,Rogers Pass,Nakimu Caves,Mount Sir Donald,andMount Dawson.
Grasslands		Saskatchewan 49°12′N107°43′W	1981	730 km2(282 sq mi) (905 km2(349 sq mi) proposed)	19,656	Prairie grasslands	Located along the borders with the American state ofMontana,the park features an undisturbedmixed-grass prairieecosystem andbadlandswhere fossils from both theFrenchmanandBearpaw Formationswere discovered including those of aTriceratopsand aTyrannosaurus.
Gros Morne*		Newfoundland and Labrador 49°41′N57°44′W	October 1, 2005 (national park) August 1973 (national park reserve)	1,805 km2(697 sq mi)	-	Western Newfoundland highlands	A World Heritage Site due to its exposedmantleandcrustas an example ofplate tectonics,the park also includesWestern Brook Pond,Lobster Cove,andGros Morne mountainin theLong Range Mountainschain.
Gulf Islands (Reserve)		British Columbia 48°51′N123°27′W	May 9, 2003	37 km2(14 sq mi)	28,434	Strait of Georgia lowlands	Representative of the Strait of Georgia Lowlands, the park includes 6 km2of marine environment and land on 15 islands.
Gwaii Haanas* (Reserve)		British Columbia 52°23′N131°28′W	1988	1,474 km2(569 sq mi)	2,651	Pacific coast mountains	Forming the southern end of theHaida Gwaii archipelago,the park is on the far western end of Canada and includes 138 islands, inclusive ofNinstints World Heritage Site,Hotspring Island,and the southern tip ofMoresby Island.
Ivvavik		Yukon 69°31′N139°31′W	1984	9,750 km2(3,764 sq mi)	179	Northern Yukon	Adjacent to Vuntut National Park and the AmericanArctic National Wildlife Refuge,the park has arctic tundra that was not glaciated during the last ice age and consequently contains the oldest river in Canada, the Firth River. Ivvavik is the first national park created as a result of an aboriginal land claim agreement, theInuvialuit Final Agreement.
Jasper*		Alberta 52°48′N117°54′W	September 14, 1907	11,228 km2(4,335 sq mi)	2,415,463	Rocky Mountains	Part of theCanadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Siteand adjacent to the Banff National Parks, as well asMount RobsonandHamber Provincial Parksin British Columbia, this park includes the community ofJasper,Columbia Icefield,Athabasca Falls,Sunwapta Falls,Maligne Lake,andcanyon,and theSnow Dome,a hydrological apex of North America, at its boundary with the Banff National Park.
Kejimkujik†		Nova Scotia 44°24′N65°13′W	1967	404 km2(156 sq mi)	75,284	Atlantic coast plain	The area aroundKejimikujik Lakewas acquired by the federal government for park purposes in 1967 and added a 22 km2seaside component in 1985. The inland portion was designated a National Historic Site in 1995 recognizing itsMi'kmawcultural landscape and is adjacent to theTobeatic Wilderness Area.The park is part of theSouthwest Nova Biosphere Reserveand adark-sky preserve.
Kluane* (Park and Reserve)		Yukon 60°37′N138°20′W	May 29, 1993 (Park) 1972 (Reserve)	5,900 km2(2,278 sq mi) (Park) 16,080 km2(6,209 sq mi) (Reserve)	47,098	Northern coast mountains	Part of aWorld Heritage Siteand adjacent to the U.S.Wrangell–St. Elias National Parkand British ColumbianTatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park,Kluane features thehighest mountain peaks in Canada,includingMount Logan,and the largest non-polar ice field in the world.
Kootenay*		British Columbia 50°53′N116°03′W	April 21, 1920	1,406 km2(543 sq mi)	574,126	Rocky Mountains	Part of theCanadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Siteand adjacent to the Banff and Yoho National Parks, as well as theMount Assiniboine Provincial Park,the park is representative of the Rocky Mountains natural region and includes theRadium Hot Springspools, an outcrop of theBurgess Shalefossil deposit,Numa Falls,andFloe Lake.
Kouchibouguac		New Brunswick 46°51′N64°58′W	1969	239 km2(92 sq mi)	243,489	Maritime plain	Located on the coast where theKouchibouguac Riverenters theNorthumberland Strait,across from the north end of Prince Edward Island, the park illustratescoastal dynamics,includingtidal rivers,coastal dunes,salt marshes,bogs,andbarrier islands.
La Mauricie		Quebec 46°48′N72°58′W	August 22, 1970	536 km2(207 sq mi)	278,923	Great Lakes—St.Lawrence precambrian region	Located north ofShawinigan,and betweenSaint-Maurice River,Matawin River,andMastigouche Wildlife Reserve,the park features acanoe campingcircuit and habitat for thewood turtle.
Mingan Archipelago (Reserve)		Quebec 50°13′N63°10′W	1984	151 km2(58 sq mi)	44,017	St. Lawrence lowlands	Located along theGulf of St. Lawrence,the park consists of theMingan Archipelagowith itslimestoneoutcropsandAtlantic puffinhabitat.
Mount Revelstoke		British Columbia 51°05′N118°04′W	1914	262 km2(101 sq mi)	775,190	Columbia Mountains	Accessible by a trail from theCity of Revelstoke,the park is representative of the Columbia Mountains natural region.
Nááts'ihch'oh (Reserve)		Northwest Territories 62°22′N127°58′W	December 18, 2014	4,850 km2(1,873 sq mi)	109	Mackenzie Mountains	Adjacent to the Nahanni National Park, Nááts'įhch'oh extends the protected area into the Sahtu Settlement Area to include additional land with theSouth Nahanni Riverwatershed to Mount Nááts'įhch'oh and theMoose Ponds.
Nahanni* (Reserve)		Northwest Territories 61°33′N125°35′W	1974	30,000 km2(11,583 sq mi)	1,104	Mackenzie Mountains	Containing the first naturalWorld Heritage Sitein Canada, the park includes theSouth Nahanni River,Virginia Falls,theCirque of the Unclimbables,and a limestone cave system.
Pacific Rim (Reserve)		British Columbia 48°38′N124°46′W	1970	510 km2(197 sq mi)	1,163,362	Pacific coast mountains	Representative of the coastal plain portion of the Pacific Coast Mountains natural region, the park is divided into three separated parts:Long Beach,theBroken Groupislands, and theWest Coast Trail.
Point Pelee		Ontario 41°58′N82°31′W	May 29, 1918	15 km2(6 sq mi)	492,122	St. Lawrence lowlands	The first national park established for conservation, Point Pelee is the southernmost point of the Canadian mainland, and also includes the southernmost point overall onMiddle Island.The marshy wetland environment is a known stop for migratory birds andmonarch butterflies,and since 1987 is aRamsar ConventionWetland of International Importance.
Prince Albert		Saskatchewan 53°58′N106°22′W	March 24, 1927	3,875 km2(1,496 sq mi)	287,372	Southern boreal plains & plateaux	Established with arecreation focus,the park includes a small community on the east end ofWaskesiu Lakeand featuresfescuegrasslandswithplains bison,boreal forest,andAjawaan,Lavallée Lake,and other lakes.
Prince Edward Island		Prince Edward Island 46°25′N63°05′W	1937	27 km2(10 sq mi)	-	Maritime plain	Sensitive sand beaches and dunes on the island's north shore provide nesting habitat for the endangeredpiping ploverand are designated anImportant Bird Area.An extension added in 1998 protectsparabolic sand dunesand an area with archaeological evidence ofPaleo-Indianoccupation up to 10,000 years ago.The park also encompassesGreen Gables,the inspiration for the popularAnne of Green Gablesnovels.
Pukaskwa		Ontario 48°15′N85°53′W	1971	1,878 km2(725 sq mi)	17,285	Central boreal uplands	Located on theVoyageur Hiking Trailand the longest stretch of undeveloped shoreline in theGreat Lakes,Pukaskwa protects an area of boreal forest largely untouched by logging and mining industries, owing to the terrain's remarkable ruggedness.A large cluster of thePukaskwa Pitsare located within the park.
Qausuittuq		Nunavut 76°00′N100°00′W	September 1, 2015	11,008 km2(4,250 sq mi)		Western high Arctic	Located onBathurst Island,the park is adjacent to thePolar Bear Pass National Wildlife Areaand protectsPeary caribouandmuskoxhabitat.
Quttinirpaaq		Nunavut 82°13′N72°13′W	1988	37,775 km2(14,585 sq mi)	7	Eastern high Arctic	Located on thepolar desertofEllesmere Islandat the northern tip of Canada, the park includesTanquary Fiord,Barbeau Peak,Lake Hazen,andFort Conger.
Riding Mountain†		Manitoba 50°52′N100°02′W	May 30, 1933	2,968 km2(1,146 sq mi)	336,560	Southern boreal plains & plateaux	Part of theRiding Mountain Biosphere Reserve,the park features both boreal and aspen forests among the larger grassland prairie landscape, interspersed withpothole lakesand marshes. The park has anoutdoor recreationfocus and includes the community ofWasagaming,theEast GateNational Historic Site, and formerly theWhitewater prisoners-of-war camp.
Rouge (Urban)		Ontario 43°56′N79°14′W	May 15, 2015	79.1 km2(31 sq mi)		St. Lawrence lowlands	Located in theGreater Toronto Areabeginning at the mouth of theRouge Riverand through the east end ofTorontoandMarkham,the park includes riparian corridors and wetlands with habitat for theBlanding's turtle,as well asBead Hill National Historic Site.
Sable Island (Reserve)		Nova Scotia 43°57′N59°55′W	June 20, 2013	30 km2(12 sq mi)	806	Atlantic coast plain	Consisting ofSable Islandat the edge of thecontinental shelfoff the coast ofNova Scotia,the island of sand is home to theSable Island horseand provides habitat forgrey sealsandbeach grass.
Sirmilik		Nunavut 72°59′N81°8′W	2001	22,200 km2(8,571 sq mi)	6	Eastern Arctic lowlands	Located on the eastern end of Nunavut, Sirmilik consists of theByam Martin MountainsofBylot IslandandBaffin Island'sBorden PeninsulaandOliver Sound.
Terra Nova		Newfoundland and Labrador 48°32′N53°56′W	1957	399 km2(154 sq mi)	45,191	Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic region	The easternmost national park, Terra Nova is located on the east coast ofNewfoundlandalong theTrans-Canada Highway.The park is characteristic of the Newfoundland landscape of low relief and rounded hills, and a rocky coastline ofarms,sounds,coves,inlets,sea arches,and caves, as well as habitat for theNewfoundland pine marten.
Thaidene Nëné (Reserve)		Northwest Territories 62°30′N111°00′W	August 21, 2019	14,305 km2(5,523 sq mi)		Northwestern boreal uplands	Thaidene Nëné, which translates in Canadian English as "Land of the Ancestors", is a protected area that spans 6.5 million acres (26,000 km2) at the transition between boreal forest and tundra. It includes the East Arm ofGreat Slave Lake,the deepest freshwater source in North America, and provides habitat for red fox, black bear, wolf packs, grizzly bear, lynx, wolverine,marten,Arctic fox,moose, beaver, muskoxen, and critical wintry weather for the last herds ofbarren-ground caribou.
Thousand Islands†		Ontario 44°21′N75°57′W	1904	24 km2(9 sq mi)	109,284	St. Lawrence lowlands	Oldest national park east of thePrairies,it is scattered over all or portions of 26 islands and 80isletsandshoalsin theSt. Lawrence River,as well as several mainland properties inLeeds and Grenville,east ofKingston,and within theFrontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve.
Torngat Mountains		Newfoundland and Labrador 59°26′N63°52′W	July 10, 2008	9,700 km2(3,745 sq mi)		Northern Labrador mountains	Located on the northernmost tip ofLabrador,adjacent to Quebec'sKuururjuaq Park,and established as part of Inuit Land Claims Agreements, the park includes theTorngat Mountains,Labrador Seacoastline, andPre-Dorset,Dorset,andThulearchaeological finds.
Tuktut Nogait		Northwest Territories 68°49′N121°45′W	1998	18,181 km2(7,020 sq mi)	12	Tundra hills	Within theInuvialuit Settlement Region,the park was created to protect the Bluenose-West caribou herd and harvesting rights for theInuvialuit people.It was expanded in 2005 to include a portion of theSahtu Settlement Area.
Ukkusiksalik		Nunavut 65°21′N87°18′W	August 23, 2003	20,880 km2(8,062 sq mi)		Central tundra	Named after theInuitword forsoapstone,the park surroundsWager Baywhich ismaternity denningareas forpolar bearsand includes cultural relics of theDorsetandThuleandAivilingmiutpeople.
Vuntut		Yukon 68°22′N139°51′W	1993	4,345 km2(1,678 sq mi)		Northern Yukon	Adjacent to the Ivvavik National Park and the AmericanArctic National Wildlife Refuge,the park area was not glaciated during the last ice age and now hostsPleistocenefossil sites. Remote and inaccessible by road, the park was established, and is operated, in collaboration with theVuntut Gwitchin First Nationas part of that nation's Final Agreement with Canada.
Wapusk		Manitoba 57°46′N93°22′W	1996	11,475 km2(4,431 sq mi)	82	Hudson—James lowlands	Created from a portion of the provincial Churchill Wildlife Management Area, Wapusk helps protect the land base that act asmaternity denningareas forpolar bears.
Waterton Lakes‡		Alberta 49°03′N113°55′W	May 30, 1895	505 km2(195 sq mi)	475,842	Rocky Mountains	Coupled with American neighbourGlacier National ParkinMontana,theWaterton-Glacier International Peace Parkis both a World Heritage Site and the oldesttransboundary protected areain the world. Anchored byWaterton Lake,home of the historicPrince of Wales Hotel,the park is famous for hiking attractions such as theCrypt Lake Trail.
Wood Buffalo*		Alberta/Northwest Territories 59°23′N112°59′W	1922	44,972 km2(17,364 sq mi)	2,399	Northern boreal plains	The largest park in Canada, the park protects the habitat of thewood bisonand the breeding grounds of thewhooping craneand much of thePeace–Athabasca Delta.It is also a World Heritage Site and the world's largestdark-sky preserve.
Yoho*		British Columbia 51°24′N116°29′W	October 10, 1886	1,313 km2(507 sq mi)	663,878	Rocky Mountains	Part of theCanadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Siteand adjacent to the Banff and Kootenay National Parks, Yoho includes the community ofField,Burgess Shalefossil deposit,Emerald Lake,Takakkaw Falls,andKicking Horse River.

By province/territory

Province/Territory	Number	Parks
British Columbia	7	Glacier,Gulf Islands,Gwaii Haanas,Kootenay,Mount Revelstoke,Pacific Rim,Yoho
Northwest Territories	6	Aulavik,Nááts'ihch'oh,Nahanni,Thaidene Nëné,Tuktut Nogait,Wood Buffalo
Ontario	6	Bruce Peninsula,Georgian Bay Islands,Point Pelee,Pukaskwa,Rouge,Thousand Islands
Alberta	5	Banff,Elk Island,Jasper,Waterton Lakes,Wood Buffalo
Nunavut	5	Auyuittuq,Qausuittuq,Quttinirpaaq,Sirmilik,Ukkusiksalik
Newfoundland and Labrador	4	Akami-Uapishkᵘ-KakKasuak-Mealy Mountains,Gros Morne,Terra Nova,Torngat Mountains
Nova Scotia	3	Cape Breton Highlands,Kejimkujik,Sable Island
Quebec	3	Forillon,La Mauricie,Mingan Archipelago
Yukon	3	Ivvavik,Kluane,Vuntut
Manitoba	2	Riding Mountain,Wapusk
New Brunswick	2	Fundy,Kouchibouguac
Saskatchewan	2	Grasslands,Prince Albert
Prince Edward Island	1	Prince Edward Island

Proposed National Park Reserves

The following are areas which Parks Canada is in the process of evaluating as potential parks. While they may be reserved from alienation or have federal-provincial/territorial agreements, they have not been formally established through legislation as parks.

Name	Location	Area	Natural region
Manitoba Lowlands	Manitoba 53°46′N99°4′W	Approx.5,000 km2(1,931 sq mi)	Manitoba lowlands
Pituamkek	Prince Edward Island 46°36′50″N63°47′42″W	TBD	Maritime plain
South Okanagan—Similkameen	British Columbia 49°4′N119°41′W	Approx.284 km2(110 sq mi)	Interior dry plateau

There remain six Natural Regions unrepresented by either current or proposed parks.As Parks Canada has a long-term goal of preserving representative areas of all Natural Regions, future parks will likely be established in these areas.These regions are:

• the "Boreal Lake Plateau" region of Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec
• the "Laurentian Boreal Highlands" region of Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec
• the "Northern Interior Plateaux and Mountains" region of British Columbia and Yukon
• the "Southampton Plain" region of Nunavut
• the "Ungava Tundra Plateau" region of Quebec and Nunavut
• the "Whale River" region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nunavut, and Quebec

Abolished national parks

Name	Location	Established	Abolished
Brereton Lake Dominion Park	Manitoba	1922	1930
Buffalo National Park	Alberta	March 7, 1908	July 17, 1947
Menissawok National Park	Saskatchewan	May 31, 1922	May 30, 1930
Nemiskam National Park	Alberta	1914	July 17, 1947
Vidal Point Dominion Park	Saskatchewan	October 31, 1921	May 30, 1930
Wawaskesy National Park	Alberta	May 31, 1922	June 24, 1938

• Brereton and Vidal were transferred to provincial jurisdiction, both continuing as (renamed) provincial parks.
• Buffalo, Menissawok, Nemiskam and Wawaskesy were created expressly to protect and regenerate dangerously low populations ofbisonandpronghorn,and were delisted when those populations improved.

National Marine Conservation Areas

National Marine Conservation Areas(NMCAs) is a program established in 2002 with the goal of preserving marine ecosystems representing the 29 marine regions of Canada.They are designed for sustainable use, although they usually also contain areas designed to protectecological integrity.National Marine Conservation Area Reserves are protected areas proposed to be added to the NMCA system pending settlement of indigenous land and water rights. In the interim, they are administered under park rules.

As of 2020,established NMCAs and NMCA Reserves protect 14,846 km²(5,732 sq mi) of waters, wetlands, and coastlines, representing five of the 29 identified marine regions with studies underway for protected areas in three additional regions.

†UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

Name	Photo	Location	Established	Area (2017)	Annual visitors (2022–23)	Marine region	Description
Fathom Five†		Ontario 45°19′N81°38′W	July 20, 1987	114 km2(44 sq mi)	227,828	Georgian Bay	The marine counterpart to Bruce National Park, Fathom Five is named for a line inShakespeare'sThe Tempest.The first marine unit in the national parks system preserves a unique aquatic environment and several small islands includingFlowerpot Island.The unusually clear waters and numerous shipwrecks on theshoalsofGeorgian Baymake the park a popular destination forscuba divers.
Gwaii Haanas (Reserve)		British Columbia 52°0′N131°12′W	June 11, 2010	1,500 km2(579 sq mi)	2,651	Hecate Strait,Queen Charlotte Shelf	Along with the national park reserve of the same name, Gwaii Haanas protects an area extending from the ocean floor of theHecate StraitandQueen Charlotte Basinto the mountains of theHaida Gwaii.The marine reserve preserves theHaida people's traditional use of the waters while protecting the area fromoil explorationand commercial fishing.
Lake Superior		Ontario 48°26′N89°13′W	September 1, 2015	10,880 km2(4,201 sq mi)		Lake Superior	Adjacent to the United States'Isle Royale National Parkand severalOntario provincial parks,Lake Superior NMCA forms part of the world's largestfreshwaterreserve.
Saguenay–St. Lawrence†		Quebec 48°4′N69°40′W	June 8, 1998	1,245 km2(481 sq mi)	1,070,634	St. Lawrence Estuary	Located at theconfluenceof theSaguenayandSt.Lawrencerivers and adjacent to Quebec'sSaguenay Fjord National Park,Saguenay–St. Lawrence protects a portion of theSt.Lawrence estuary,a common feeding ground for marine mammals such as the endangered St.Lawrencebeluga whale.

Proposed National Marine Conservation Areas

Study area	Location	Area	Marine region
Magdalen Islands	Quebec 47°35′N61°32′W	16,500 km2(6,371 sq mi)	Magdalen shallows
Southern Strait of Georgia (Reserve)	British Columbia 49°18′N123°48′W	1,400 km2(541 sq mi)	Strait of Georgia
Tallurutiup Imanga	Nunavut 74°13′N84°0′W	109,000 km2(42,085 sq mi)	Lancaster Sound

National Landmarks

TheNational Landmarksprogram was established in 1978 to protect specific natural features considered "outstanding, exceptional, unique, or rare to this country. These natural features would typically be isolated entities and of scientific interest."The enabling legislation expired 10 years later, and was not renewed.Pingo National Landmarkwas the only such unit established in that time.

Name	Photo	Location	Established	Area (2017)	Description
Pingo		Northwest Territories 69°24′N133°05′W	July 25, 1984	16 km2(6 sq mi)	Located on the shore of theArctic Ocean,Canada's only National Landmark preserves eight ice-cored mounds known aspingosincluding Canada's largest, Ibyuk Pingo, along with other land and ice formations unique to thepermafrostenvironment.

Provincial parks categorized as national parks

Provincial and territorial parks are administered and funded by their respective governments. However, Quebec has named its provincial parks “national parks”, though none are in the national park system.

Some sub-national parks are categorized by theIUCNunder the umbrella termnational parks(Category II) in its global Protected Area Management Categories. As of 2011, there were more than 1500 Category II-listed areas across the country, including nearly 700 in B.C., and at least 500 in Ontario. Only Quebec uses the term “national park” for such provincial areas, using the IUCN's category name as justification.

In addition to the national park system, several federal agencies manage natural, scientific, and recreational areas. In theNational Capital Region,a number of parklands come under the jurisdiction of theNational Capital Commission,includingGatineau ParkinQuebec.None of these are part of the national park system.

See also

• List of Canadian protected areas
• List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Canada
• List of national historic sites of Canada
• List of World Heritage Sites in Canada

External links

Canada portal

• National Parksof Canada
• National Marine Conservation Areasof Canada
• World Heritage Sites in Canada
• The Canada Guide