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List of parrots

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Parrots,also known as psittacines (/ˈsɪtəsaɪnz/),[1][2]are the 402speciesofbirdsthat make up theorderPsittaciformes, found in mosttropicalandsubtropicalregions, of which 387 areextant.The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: thePsittacoidea( "true" parrots), theCacatuoidea(cockatoos), and theStrigopoidea(New Zealand parrots).[3][4]Parrots have a generallypantropicaldistribution with several species inhabitingtemperateregions in theSouthern Hemisphereas well. The greatestdiversityof parrots is inSouth AmericaandAustralasia.[5]

The Cacatuoidea are quite distinct, having a movable head crest, a different arrangement of thecarotidarteries, agall bladder,differences in the skull bones,[6]and lack theDyck texturefeathers that—in the Psittacoidea—scatter light to produce the vibrant colours of so many parrots.[7]Lorikeetswere previously regarded as a family, Loriidae,[8]: 45 but are now considered a tribe (Loriini) within the subfamilyLoriinae,family Psittaculidae.[9][10][11]Some species, such as thePuerto Rican amazon(Amazona vittata) have had apopulation bottleneck(in this case reduced to 13 individuals in 1975) and subsequently have low genetic variability and low reproductive success, leading to complications with conservation.[12]

No consensus existed regarding the taxonomy of Psittaciformes until recently. The placement of the Strigopoidea species has been variable in the past.[13]They were once considered part of the Psittacoidea, but recent 21st-century studies place this group of New Zealand species as their own superfamily next to the Cacatuoidea and remaining members of the Psittacoidea.[9][10][11]Many studies have confirmed the unique placement of this group at thebaseof the parrot tree.[3][9][11][10]Most authors now recognize this group as a separate taxon[3][14][15]containing two families: Nestoridae and Strigopidae.[3][16]Conversely, the relationships among various cockatoo genera are largely resolved.[9][17][18][19]

Conventions[edit]

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
EXExtinct(15 species)
EWExtinct in the wild(1 species)
CRCritically Endangered(17 species)
ENEndangered(38 species)
VUVulnerable(54 species)
NTNear threatened(59 species)
LCLeast concern(219 species)
Other categories
DDData deficient(0 species)
NENot evaluated(5 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species.Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the bird's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species listed went extinct after 1500 CE (recently extinct[20]), and are indicated by adaggersymbol "†".

Classification[edit]

The order Psittaciformes consists of 387 extant species belonging to 87 genera. The following classification is based on the most recent proposals as of 2012.[9][10][3]

SuperfamilyPsittacoidea:true parrots[21]

SuperfamilyCacatuoidea:cockatoos[17]

SuperfamilyStrigopoidea:New Zealand parrots[23]

True parrots[edit]

Family Psittacidae[edit]

Subfamily Psittacinae[edit]

Main article:Psittacinae
GenusPsittacus(grey parrots)Linnaeus,1758– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Grey parrot P. erithacus
Linnaeus,1758 		eENIUCN Range includes southern regions of Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon, and throughout Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. A grey parrot with black beak, white face and a short red tail
Timneh parrot P. timneh
Fraser,1844 		eENIUCN Range is from Guinea-Bissau east through southern Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia east to at least 70 km east of the Bandama River in Côte d'Ivoire. A grey parrot with a white mask. The dark bill has a lighter colouring on the upper mandible.
GenusPoicephalusSwainson,1837– ten species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Senegal parrot P. senegalus
(Linnaeus,1766) 		LCIUCN West Africa (excluding theMaghreb) A parrot with a yellow underbelly, green upper chest and grey head
Red-bellied parrot P. rufiventris
(Rüppell,1842) 		LCIUCN EasternHorn of Africa,eastern Kenya, and northeast Tanzania Two parrots with grey heads. One has an orange-red belly, the other is green.
Rüppell's parrot P. rueppellii
(G. R. Gray,1849) 		LCIUCN Northern Namibia and the coast of Angola A grey parrot with blue belly and yellow legs. The top of the wings near the shoulders is almost white.
Brown-necked parrot P. fuscicollis
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN From Gambia and southern Senegal to Ghana and Togo Two parrots with a grey head, grey neck, white bill and dark green wings perching.
Cape parrot P. robustus
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN Range includes: Angola; Botswana; Burundi; Cameroon; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Côte d'Ivoire; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; Rwanda; South Africa; Swaziland; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe. A parrot with a brown head, brown neck and white bill is peering out of a hole in a tree.
Meyer's parrot P. meyeri
(Cretzschmar,1827) 		LCIUCN Range includes Angola; Botswana; Burundi; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Rwanda; South Africa; South Sudan; Sudan; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe. Two brown parrots. Their underplumage is turquoise-green.
Red-fronted parrot P. gulielmi
(Jardine,1849) 		LCIUCN Range includes Angola; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Côte d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Ghana; Kenya; Liberia; Nigeria; Tanzania; Uganda. A green parrot with an orange-yellow forehead.
Yellow-fronted parrot P. flavifrons
(Rüppell,1842) 		LCIUCN Western Ethiopia A green parrot with a yellow face
Brown-headed parrot P. cryptoxanthus
(Peters,1854) 		LCIUCN Southeast African coast A green parrot with a light-brown head
Niam-Niam parrot P. crassus
(Sharpe,1884) 		LCIUCN Central Central African Republic

Subfamily Arinae (neotropical parrots)[edit]

Main article:Arinae

Tribe Arini

Main article:Arini (tribe)
GenusCyanoliseusBonaparte,1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Burrowing parrot C. patagonus
(Vieillot,1818) 		LCIUCN Central Argentina stretching to the coasts A green parrot with a black breast and a white eye-spot
GenusEnicognathusG. R. Gray,1840– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Slender-billed parakeet E. leptorhynchus
(King,1831) 		LCIUCN Central Chilean coast (central meaning halfway between the northern and southern extremes) A green parrot with sea-green wings and a red tail
Austral parakeet E. ferrugineus
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN EasternPatagoniancoast, southernTierra del Fuego,theFalkland Islands,South Sandwich IslandsandSouth Georgia A yellow-green parrot with green wings and orange underside
GenusRhynchopsitta(thick-billed parrots)Bonaparte,1854– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Thick-billed parrot R. pachyrhyncha
(Swainson,1827) 		eENIUCN Sierra Madre Occidental A green parrot with a bright red forehead
Maroon-fronted parrot R. terrisi
Moore,1947 		eENIUCN Sierra Madre Oriental A green parrot with a maroon forehead
GenusPyrrhuraBonaparte,1856– 28 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Ochre-marked parakeet P. cruentata
(Wied-Neuwied,1820) 		gVUIUCN Scattered populations around the southeastern coast of Brazil (north ofSão Paulo) A green parrot with a maroon head and tail
Maroon-bellied parakeet P. frontalis
(Vieillot,1818) 		LCIUCN Southwest Brazil, northern Uruguay, and southern Paraguay A green parrot with a maroon underside and tail with a white eye-spot
Blaze-winged parakeet P. devillei
(Massenaandde Souancé,1854) 		iNTIUCN Northern Paraguay and Southwest Brazil along the Brazil/(northern) Paraguay border
Crimson-bellied parakeet P. perlata
(Spix,1824) 		gVUIUCN Central Brazil and along the Brazil/Bolivia border A teal parrot with a yellow cheek, dark-purple forehead, bright red underside, and blue wings
Pearly parakeet P. lepida
(Wagler,1832) 		gVUIUCN Northeast Brazil south of theAmazon River A green parrot with a black head and a grey neck with blue-tipped wings
Green-cheeked parakeet P. molinae
(Massenaandde Souancé,1854) 		LCIUCN Central and southern Bolivia extending into northern Argentina A green parrot with a black head, blue wings, and a red tail with a white eye-spot
Painted parakeet P. picta
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Northeast South America, north of the Amazon river and east of the Venezuela/Colombia border A green parrot with a black head and a red tail with a white eye-spot
Sinú parakeet P. subandina
(Todd,1917) 		CRIUCN Sinú Valley in northern Colombia near (but not bordering) theGulf of Darien
Azuero parakeet P. eisenmanni
Delgado, 1985 		eENIUCN SouthwestAzuero Peninsula A green parrot with a teal forehead and neck, a maroon head, and a black eye-spot
Venezuelan parakeet P. emma
Salvadori,1891 		LCIUCN Northern coast of Venezuela A green parrot with a maroon face, tail, and underside with a grey neck, a blue forehead, and a black eye-spot
Santarem parakeet P. amazonum
Hellmayr,1906 		eENIUCN Central and southeast Amazon in Brazil
Madeira parakeet P. snethlageae
Joseph and Bates, 2002 		gVUIUCN Eastern Brazil, west of the Brazil/Bolivia border, south of theMadeira river,and north of theAraguaia river
Bonaparte's parakeet P. lucianii
(Deville,1851) 		LCIUCN NorthwestAmazon rainforestin Brazil A green parrot with blue-tipped wings. Males have a red tail and underside with a brown head and neck
Rose-fronted parakeet P. roseifrons
(Gray,1859) 		LCIUCN Along the Peru/Brazil border and Peru/Bolivia border A green parrot with a brown head and a red forehead
Wavy-breasted parakeet P. peruviana
Hocking, Blake, and Joseph, 2002 		LCIUCN Along theMarañón riverin northern Peru and Ecuador
White-eared parakeet P. leucotis
(Kuhl,1820) 		gVUIUCN Southeast Brazilian coast, north ofRio de Janeiroand south ofSalvador de Bahia A green parrot with a maroon face and underside, a white cheek, and a taupe forehead
Grey-breasted parakeet P. griseipectus
Salvadori,1900 		eENIUCN Scattered populations in northernCeará,a state in Brazil A green parrot with a maroon face and underside, a white cheek, a taupe forehead
Pfrimer's parakeet P. pfrimeri
de Miranda-Ribeiro,1920 		eENIUCN Dry forest near theSerra Geral
Fiery-shouldered parakeet P. egregia
(Sclater,1881) 		LCIUCN Venezuela west of theRio Caroni,and Guyana east of theMazaruni River A green parrot with a black tail and yellow wings with red shoulders
Santa Marta parakeet P. viridicata
Todd, 1913 		eENIUCN Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta A green parrot with blue wings and yellow shoulders
Maroon-tailed parakeet P. melanura
(Spix,1824) 		LCIUCN Northwest South America, east of theAndes Mountains A green parrot with a white throat, red shoulders, blue-tipped wings, and a maroon forehead and tail
El Oro parakeet P. orcesi
Ridgely& Robbins, 1988 		eENIUCN El Oro Provincein Ecuador
El Oro Parakeets
Black-capped parakeet P. rupicola
(Tschudi,1844) 		iNTIUCN Around the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia border within theState of Acreand west of the Andes mountains A green parrot with a black forehead, underside, and tail with a black-and-white collar
White-breasted parakeet P. albipectus
Chapman,1914 		gVUIUCN Zamora-Chinchipe Province A green parrot with a pantone-brown tail and forehead, a peach neck, and red-and-yellow cheeks
Flame-winged parakeet P. calliptera
(Massenaandde Souancé,1854) 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in Colombia A green parrot with yellow-tipped wings, a peach throat, a white forehead and eye-spot, and a red tail
Blood-eared parakeet P. hoematotis
de Souancé,1857 		LCIUCN Northern coast of Venezuela A green parrot with a red tail, blue-tipped wings, maroon cheeks, a red forehead, and white eye-spots
Rose-crowned parakeet P. rhodocephala
(Sclaterand Salvin, 1871) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Venezuela, nearLake Maracaibo A green parrot with a red tail, blue-tipped wings, maroon cheeks, a red forehead, and white eye-spots
Sulphur-winged parakeet P. hoffmanni
(Cabanis,1861) 		LCIUCN Continental Dividerunning through Costa Rica and Panama A green parrot with a red tail, blue-tipped wings, maroon cheeks, a red forehead, and white eye-spots
GenusAnodorhynchus(blue macaws)von Spix,1824– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Glaucous macaw A. glaucus
(Vieillot,1816) 		CRIUCN A small population in northeast Argentina near the Argentina/Brazil/Paraguay border A blue macaw with a pale-blue underside and peach eye-spots
Hyacinth macaw A. hyacinthinus
(Latham,1790) 		gVUIUCN Central South America around the Bolivia/Brazil/Paraguay border with scattered populations in eastern Brazil A violet-blue macaw with yellow eye-spots
Lear's macaw A. leari
Bonaparte,1856 		eENIUCN two populations in eastern Brazil near the Atlantic Ocean A blue macaw yellow cheeks and eye-spots
GenusLeptosittacavon BerlepschandStolzmann,1894– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Golden-plumed parakeet L. branickii
von BerlepschandStolzmann,1894 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in Peru, Colombia, and near the Ecuador/Peru and Ecuador/Colombia borders A green parrot with a yellow underside and streak on the cheeks, with white eye-spots
GenusOgnorhynchusBonaparte,1857– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Yellow-eared parrot O. icterotis
(Massenaandde Souancé,1854) 		eENIUCN Along theChocó Department/Antioquia Departmentborder A green parrot with a yellow forehead and cheeks
GenusDiopsittacaRidgway,1912– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Southern red-shouldered macaw D. cumanensis
(Lichtenstein,1823) 		LCIUCN Brazil, south of the Amazon rainforest A green parrot with a blue-green forehead, red shoulders, a white beak, a black jaw, and white eye-spots
Northern Red-shouldered Macaw D. nobilis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Northern coasts of French Guiana and Suriname, northern Guyana, and eastern Venezuela A green parrot with a dark-green forehead, red shoulders, a white beak, a black jaw, and white eye-spots
GenusGuarubaLesson,1830– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Golden parakeet G. guarouba
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN Southern border of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, but regionally extinct near the coast A yellow parrot with green-tipped wings and tan eye-spots
Genus†ConuropsisSalvadori,1891– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Carolina parakeet †C. carolinensis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		aEXIUCN Formerly the eastern andsouthernUnited States A green parrot with light-blue wings, yellow cheeks, an orange forehead, and a white eye-spot
GenusCyanopsittaBonaparte,1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Spix's macaw C. spixii
(Wagler,1832) 		jEWIUCN Central eastern Brazil A blue-grey parrot with a brown-gray head
GenusOrthopsittacaRidgway,1912– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-bellied macaw O. manilatus
(Boddaert,1783) 		LCIUCN Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, eastern Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil stretching over into Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia A green parrot with a light-yellow face, a blue forehead and blue speckles across the body
GenusArade Lacépède,1799– nine species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Great green macaw A. ambiguus
(Bechstein,1811) 		ENIUCN Panama stretching over into Costa Rica and Colombia A green parrot with a light-pink face, a red forehead, and blue-tipped wings
Blue-and-yellow macaw A. ararauna
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Northern South America excluding the Andes mountains and the coast of Brazil south of the Amazon river delta A blue parrot with a white face, a green forehead, and a yellow underside and tail
Red-and-green macaw A. chloropterus
Gray,1859 		LCIUCN Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, along the Panama/Colombia border, and western Brazil stretching over into Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela A red parrot with a white face, blue wings, and green shoulders
Blue-throated macaw A. glaucogularis
Dabbene,1921 		CRIUCN Central Bolivia A blue parrot with a white eye-patch and a yellow throat, cheeks, and underside
Scarlet macaw A. macao
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Northern Brazil stretching over into Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana. A second population lives on the coasts of Central America A red parrot with a light-pink face, a white beak, a black jaw, yellow shoulders, and blue wings
Military macaw A. militaris
(Linnaeus,1766) 		gVUIUCN Southern Mexico, along the Colombia/Venezuela border, the northern Peru/Brazil border, and central Bolivia A green parrot with a black beak, a light-pink face, a red forehead, and blue-tipped wings
Red-fronted macaw A. rubrogenys
de Lafresnaye,1847 		CRIUCN Central Bolivia A green parrot with a red forehead and shoulders, blue-tipped wings, and white eye-spots
Chestnut-fronted macaw A. severus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Northern South America, excluding the Andes mountains and the Brazil/Venezuela border A green parrot with a white face, a maroon forehead, red shoulders, and blue-tipped wings
Cuban macaw †A. tricolor
(Bechstein,1811) 		aEXIUCN Formerly Cuba andIsla de la Juventuduntil 1885 A red parrot with a yellow nape, blue wings, and white eye-patches
GenusPrimoliusBonaparte,1857– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Golden-collared macaw P. auricollis
(Cassin,1853) 		LCIUCN Southeastern Bolivia stretching over into Brazil A green parrot with a white face, a black forehead, blue-tipped wings, and a yellow nape
Blue-headed macaw P. couloni
(Sclater,1876) 		gVUIUCN Southern Peru east of the Andes, and the along the northern Bolivia/Brazil and Bolivia/Peru borders A green parrot with a blue head and wing-tips
Blue-winged macaw P. maracana
(Vieillot,1816) 		iNTIUCN Southern Brazil A green parrot with a white face, a blue-and-red forehead, blue-tipped wings, and a red underside
GenusAratingavon Spix,1824– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Golden-capped parakeet A. auricapillus
(Kuhl,1820) 		iNTIUCN Scattered populations in southeast Brazil, north of São Paulo A green parrot with a yellow forehead and white eye-spots
Jandaya parakeet A. jandaya
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Eastern Brazil A yellow parrot with green wings and white eye-spots
Sulphur-breasted parakeet A. maculata
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Scattered populations inParáandAmapá(states in Brazil) A yellow parrot with green wings and black eye-spots
Nanday parakeet A. nenday
(Vieillot,1823) 		LCIUCN Central Paraguay, spilling over to the southeastern Bolivia/Brazil border A green parrot with a black face and forehead
Sun parakeet A. solstitialis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		eENIUCN NorthwestRoraima(a state in Brazil), and along the Brazil/Venezuela/Guyana border A yellow parrot with orange cheeks, green-tipped wings and tail, and white eye-spots
Dusky-headed parakeet A. weddellii
(Deville,1851) 		LCIUCN Eastern South America, east of the Andes, south of the Colombia/Peru border, and north of central Bolivia A green parrot with a light-grey head and white eye-spots
GenusEupsittulaBonaparte,1853– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Aztec parakeet E. astec
(de Souancé,1857) 		LCIUCN Middle Americaalong theCaribbean Sea A green parrot with a red-green underside and white eye-spots
Peach-fronted parakeet E. aurea
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Brazil (excluding northwest Brazil), eastern Bolivia, and central Paraguay A green parrot with a yellow underside and eye-spots, an orange forehead, and blue-tipped wings
Caatinga parakeet E. cactorum
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN TheCaatingaregion in Brazil A green parrot with a yellow underside and white eye-spots
Orange-fronted parakeet E. canicularis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Middle America bordering the Pacific Ocean (excluding theGulf of California), and introduced to Puerto Rico A green parrot with a light-green underside, pale-yellow eye-spots, and a blue-and-red forehead
Jamaican parakeet E. nana
(Vigors,1830) 		iNTIUCN Jamaica A green parrot with white eye-spots and blue-tipped wings
Brown-throated parakeet E. pertinax
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Northern South America and Panama, introduced to theBritish Virgin Islandsand Dominica
A green parrot with a brown throat and cheeks, a blue forehead, a light-green underside, white eye-spots, and blue-tipped wings
A green parrot with a yellow head, black eye-spots, and a light-green underside
Mainlandphenotypeleft, Antillean phenotype right
GenusPsittacaraVigors,1837– 12 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-crowned parakeet P. acuticaudatus
(Vieillot,1818) 		LCIUCN Northern Venezuela, southwest Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina (west of the Andes and excluding the coast), and the Caatinga A green parrot with a blue forehead, yellow eye-spots, orange irises, and a light-green underside
Socorro parakeet P. brevipes
(Lawrence,1871) 		NEIUCN[a] Socorro Island
Hispaniolan parakeet P. chloropterus
de Souancé,1856 		gVUIUCN Scattered areas inHispaniola A green parrot with white eye-spots
Red-masked parakeet P. erythrogenys
Lesson,1844 		iNTIUCN Ecuador and northern Peru, west of the Andes mountains A green parrot with a red face, forehead, and shoulders, with white eye-spots
Cuban parakeet P. euops
(Wagler,1832) 		gVUIUCN Scattered areas in Cuba A green parrot with red shoulders and white eye-spots
Finsch's parakeet P. finschi
(Salvin,1871) 		LCIUCN Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and western Panama (along the Pacific Ocean) A green parrot with red shoulders and forehead, and white eye-spots
Cordilleran parakeet P. frontatus
(Cabanis,1846) 		iNTIUCN Peru west of the Andes mountains
Green parakeet P. holochlorus
(Sclater,1859) 		LCIUCN Mexico east of the Sierra Madre Oriental and west of the Sierra Madre Occidental, and Honduras and Guatemala bordering the Pacific Ocean A green parrot with black eye-spots
Guadeloupe parakeet †P. labati
(Rothschild,1905) 		aEXIUCN FormerlyGuadeloupeuntil the mid-18th century A green parrot with a red forehead
White-eyed parakeet P. leucophthalmus
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Central South America and the northeast coast A green parrot with red shoulders and white eye-spots
Puerto Rican parakeet †P. maugei
Souancé,1856 		NEIUCN[b] FormerlyPuerto Ricountil the mid-19th century A green parrot with a red forehead
Mitred parakeet P. mitratus
(von Tschudi,1844) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Bolivia, southern Peru, and northern Argentina A green parrot with a red face and forehead, and white eye-spots
Red-throated parakeet P. rubritorquis
(Sclater,1887) 		LCIUCN Honduras, southern Guatemala, and northern Nicaragua, excluding the coasts A green parrot with a light-green underside and a yellow-speckled throat
Pacific parakeet P. strenuus
(Ridgway,1915) 		NEIUCN[c] westernNicaragua A green parrot
Scarlet-fronted parakeet P. wagleri
(Gray,1845) 		iNTIUCN Andes mountains in Colombia and Venezuela A green parrot with a red forehead and shoulder
GenusPionites(caiques)Heine,1890– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Green-thighed parrot P. leucogaster
(Kuhl,1820) 		eENIUCN North central Brazil A green parrot with a yellow head, an orange forehead and nape, a white underside, pink eye-spots, and red irises
Black-legged parrot P. xanthomerius
(Sclater,1858) 		LCIUCN Northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, and western Brazil around the Peru/Brazil and Bolivia/Brazil borders A parrot with green wings, yellow legs and cheeks, a white underside, and an orange forehead and nape
Yellow-tailed parrot P. xanthurus
(Todd, 1925) 		gVUIUCN Northwest Brazil
Black-headed parrot P. melanocephalus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, and Northern Brazil stretching over into Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela A parrot with green wings, yellow legs and cheeks, a white underside, an orange nape, and a black forehead
GenusDeroptyusWagler,1832– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-fan parrot D. accipitrinus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, and Northern Brazil stretching over into Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela A brown-grey parrot with a white forehead and speckles spanning the head and neck, a red strip of feathers with blue-tips on the nape which also cover the underside, and green wings

Tribe Forpini

GenusForpusBonaparte,1857– eight species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Pacific parrotlet F. coelestis
(Lesson,1847) 		LCIUCN Ecuador and northern Peru, west of the Andes mountains A white parrot with beige and blue-tipped wings, a green tail, a yellow-green face and forehead, and a violet nape
Spectacled parrotlet F. conspicillatus
(de Lafresnaye,1848) 		LCIUCN Northern Colombia and eastern Panama A green parrot whose males have blue eye-spots and blue tipped wings, whereas females have black-tipped wings and no eye-spots
Mexican parrotlet F. cyanopygius
(de Souancé,1856) 		iNTIUCN Sierra Madre Occidental
Dusky-billed parrotlet F. modestus
(Cabanis,1849) 		LCIUCN Northern Bolivia, northern and eastern Peru, southern Colombia, western Brazil, and the mouth of the Amazon river A yellow-green parrot with green wings, nape, and tail
Green-rumped parrotlet F. passerinus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Northern Atlantic coast of South America, and introduced toBarbadosand Jamaica A green parrot with blue wings
Turquoise-winged parrotlet Forpus spengeli
(Hartlaub,1885) 		LCIUCN Pacific coast of Colombia
Yellow-faced parrotlet F. xanthops
(Salvin,1895) 		gVUIUCN Marañón Valley,Peru A blue-grey parrot with a yellow underside, cheeks, and forehead, and blue-tipped wings
Cobalt-rumped parrotlet F. xanthopterygius
(von Spix,1824)[d] 		LCIUCN Eastern Brazil, central Bolivia, and Peru east of the Andes mountains A green parrot with blue-tipped wings
Riparian parrotlet F. crassirostris
(Taczanowski,1883) 		NE Southeastern Colombia to western Brazil and northern Peru

Tribe Amoropsittacini

GenusPsilopsiagonRidgway,1912– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Mountain parakeet P. aurifrons
(Lesson,1831) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina A green parrot with a yellow face and underside, and blue-tipped wings
Gray-hooded parakeet P. aymara
(d'Orbigny,1839) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Bolivia and Argentina A green parrot with a white underside and cheeks, and a black forehead
GenusBolborhynchusBonaparte,1857– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Rufous-fronted parakeet B. ferrugineifrons
(Lawrence,1880) 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in southern Colombia
Barred parakeet B. lineola
(Cassin,1853) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains excluding those in Chile and Argentina, and the mountains of Central America A green parrot with dark-green wing-tips
Andean parakeet B. orbygnesius
(de Souancé,1856) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains of Bolivia and Peru A green parrot with a light-green underside
GenusNannopsittacaRidgway,1912– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Manu parrotlet N. dachilleae
O'Neill,Munn,andFranke,1991 		iNTIUCN Southern Peru, north of the Andes mountains, along the Peru/Bolivia border
Tepui parrotlet N. panychlora
(SalvinandGodman,1883) 		LCIUCN Scattered in southern Venezuela A green parrot with a light-green underside
on top
GenusTouitGray,1855– eight species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Lilac-tailed parrotlet T. batavicus
(Boddaert,1783) 		LCIUCN Northern Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana A parrot with grey wings, a light-blue underside, blue-tipped wings, a violet tail, and a light-green head
Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet T. huetii
(Temminck,1830) 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in Peru and Ecuador, western Venezuela, northern Guyana, and north central Brazil Green parrot with yellow head and black tail tips
Red-fronted parrotlet T. costaricensis
(Cory,1913) 		gVUIUCN Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama
Blue-fronted parrotlet T. dilectissimus
(SclaterandSalvin,1871) 		LCIUCN Ecuador and Colombia west of the Andes mountains A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a black face, and white eye-spots
Brown-backed parrotlet T. melanonotus
(Wied-Neuwied,1820) 		eENIUCN Southeast coast of Brazil Green parrot with blue back and yellow eye-spot
Sapphire-rumped parrotlet T. purpuratus
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Northeast South America, stretching to the Peru/Colombia/Ecuador border
Spot-winged parrotlet T. stictopterus
(Sclater,1862) 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in Ecuador A green parrot with a light-green underside, red shoulders and marks around the eyes, a white forehead, and black eye-spots
Golden-tailed parrotlet T. surdus
(Kuhl,1820) 		gVUIUCN Coast of Brazil, excluding the northeast coast

Tribe Androglossini

Main article:Androglossini
GenusPionopsittaBonaparte,1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Pileated parrot P. pileata
(Scopoli,1769) 		LCIUCN Southern Paraguay, and the southeast coast of Brazil A green parrot with a red forehead, and blue eye-spots and wings
GenusTriclariaWagler,1832– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-bellied parrot T. malachitacea
(von Spix,1824) 		iNTIUCN Fragmented populations near Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, andRio Grande do Sul A green parrot whose males have a purple patch on their belly
GenusPyriliaBonaparte,1856– seven species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Bald parrot P. aurantiocephala
(Gaban-Lima, Raposo, and Hofling, 2002) 		iNTIUCN Lower Madeira and UpperTapajósrivers A green parrot with blue-tipped wings and no feathers on the head, revealing orange skin
Orange-cheeked parrot P. barrabandi
(Kuhl,1820) 		iNTIUCN Northwest South America east of the Andes mountains A green parrot red-tipped wings, a yellow collar and cheek, a black head, and white eye-spots
Caica parrot P. caica
(Latham,1790) 		iNTIUCN Roraima, Pará, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and eastern Venezuela A green parrot with a yellow neck, a black head, and red irises
Brown-hooded parrot P. haematotis
(SclaterandSalvin,1860) 		LCIUCN Central America, excluding the mountain ranges A green parrot with a yellow neck, a brown head and tail and white eye-spots
Rose-faced parrot P. pulchra
(von Berlepsch,1897) 		LCIUCN Ecuador and Colombia west of the Andes mountains
Saffron-headed parrot P. pyrilia
(Bonaparte,1853) 		iNTIUCN Andes mountains in Colombia and western Venezuela A green parrot with orange-yellow cheeks and nape, a maroon face and forehead, and white eye-spots
Vulturine parrot P. vulturina
(Kuhl,1820) 		gVUIUCN Pará south of the Amazon river
GenusPionusWagler,1832– 8 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Bronze-winged parrot P. chalcopterus
(Fraser,1841) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela A blue parrot with a beige throat and speckles extending across the underside, brown wings with blue-edges, and a red underside of the tail
Dusky parrot P. fuscus
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Northeast South America and along the Colombia/Venezuela border west of Lake Maracaibo A grey parrot with dark grey wings and nape, and blue-tipped wings
Scaly-headed parrot P. maximiliani
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN Paraguay, southern Brazil, and east and central Bolivia A green-yellow parrot with a light-grey collar and face, white eye-spots, and a red underside of the tail
Blue-headed parrot P. menstruus
(Linnaeus,1766) 		LCIUCN Northern and central South America, excluding the Andes A green parrot with a blue head and dark-grey eye-spots
White-crowned parrot P. senilis
(von Spix,1824) 		LCIUCN Central America bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Sierra Madre Oriental A blue-grey parrot with a light-blue underside, green wings, brown shoulders, a white forehead, orange eye-spots, and a red underside of the tail
White-capped parrot P. seniloides
(Massenaandde Souancé,1854) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru
Red-billed parrot P. sordidus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, northern Peru, and southern Colombia A green parrot with a violet collar, a black mark in front of their eyes above the beak, and a red underside of the tail
Speckle-faced parrot P. tumultuosus
(von Tschudi,1844) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in southern Peru and northern Bolivia A green parrot with a blue collar and a red head with white speckles
GenusGraydidascalusBonaparte,1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Short-tailed parrot G. brachyurus
(Temminck&Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN Along the Amazon river A green parrot with a light-green underside and head
GenusAlipiopsittaCaparroz and Pacheco, 2006– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Yellow-faced parrot A. xanthops
(von Spix,1824) 		iNTIUCN Central Brazil south of the Amazon A green parrot with a yellow head, white eye-spots, and blue horizontal stripes across its body except for the head
GenusAmazona(Amazon parrots)Lesson,1830– 35 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Turquoise-fronted amazon A. aestiva
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Paraguay, western Bolivia, northern Argentina, southern Brazil A green parrot with red-tipped wings, a yellow face and forehead, and light-blue marks above the beak
Black-billed amazon A. agilis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		VUIUCN Central Jamaica A green parrot with violet-edged wings, and black eye-spots
White-fronted amazon A. albifrons
(Sparrman,1788) 		LCIUCN Northwest Costa Rica, western Nicaragua, western Honduras, Western Mexico, and theYucatán Peninsula A green parrot with a red face, a white-and-blue forehead, and grey eye-spots
Orange-winged amazon A. amazonica
(Linnaeus,1766) 		LCIUCN Northern South America and the southeast coast of Brazil A green parrot with yellow cheeks and a black face
Red-necked amazon A. arausiaca
(Müller,1776) 		gVUIUCN Central Dominica A green parrot with red-tipped wings and a blue face whose males have a red mark on their throat
Yellow-naped amazon A. auropalliata
(Lesson,1842) 		gVUIUCN Pacific coast of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, northern Costa Rica, and southern Mexico A green parrot with a yellow nape and forehead
Red-lored amazon A. autumnalis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Central America, northern Colombia, and the Sierra Madre Oriental A green parrot with a red forehead and yellow cheeks
Yellow-shouldered amazon A. barbadensis
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN Margarita Island,Blanquilla Island,Curaçao,Bonaire,and northern Venezuela A green parrot with yellow shoulders and head, and white eye-spots
Red-tailed amazon A. brasiliensis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		gVUIUCN Southern coast ofSão Paulo A green parrot with light-brown cheeks, a red forehead, and white eye-spots
Yellow-billed amazon A. collaria
(Linnaeus,1758) 		gVUIUCN Jamaica A green parrot with blue-edged wings, a light-brown forehead, and white eye-spots
Diademed amazon A. diadema
(von Spix,1824) 		eENIUCN NortheastAmazonas A green parrot with red-tipped wings and forehead, and white eye-spots
Blue-cheeked amazon A. dufresniana
(Shaw,1812) 		iNTIUCN Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, and east Venezuela A green parrot with light-blue cheeks, a yellow forehead, and white eye-spots
Festive amazon A. festiva
(Linnaeus,1758) 		iNTIUCN Along the Amazon river A green parrot with a red forehead and eye, and blue eyebrows
Lilac-crowned amazon A. finschi
(Sclater,1864) 		eENIUCN Pacific coast of Mexico A green parrot with a red forehead and grey eye-spots
Mealy amazon A. farinosa
(Boddaert,1783) 		iNTIUCN CentralandSouth America A green parrot with a blue forehead and white eye-spots
Saint Vincent amazon A. guildingii
(Vigors,1837) 		VUIUCN Northeast St Vincent and the Grenadines A brown parrot with blue-tipped wings, a yellow-tipped tail, a green nape, a yellow head, a white forehead, and light-blue eye-spots
Imperial amazon A. imperialis
Richmond,1899 		eENIUCN Dominica A green parrot with a violet underside, a dark-violet head, and a dark-purple nape
Kawall's amazon A. kawalli
GrantsauandCamargo,1989 		iNTIUCN Southern Amazonas and eastern Pará A green parrot
Cuban amazon A. leucocephala
(Linnaeus,1758) 		iNTIUCN Cuba, the Isle of Pines,Abaco Islands,Great Inagua,and theCayman Islands A green parrot with a pink throat and cheeks, a white face and forehead, and blue-tipped wings
Lilacine amazon A. lilacina
(Lesson,1844) 		eENIUCN Ecuador west of the Andes mountains A green parrot with yellow cheeks and a red forehead
Martinique amazon †A. martinicana
Clark,1905 		aEXIUCN FormerlyMartiniqueuntil 1779 A green parrot with a blue-grey head and a red forehead
Scaly-naped amazon A. mercenarius
(von Tschudi,1844) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia A green parrot with a green-yellow underside
Yellow-crowned amazon A. ochrocephala
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Northern South America, east of the Andes A green parrot with a yellow forehead, blue underarms, and white eye-spots
Yellow-headed amazon A. oratrix
Ridgway,1887 		eENIUCN Scattered coastal areas of southern Mexico A green parrot with a yellow forehead, red wing-tips, and white eye-spots
Red-spectacled amazon A. pretrei
(Temminck,1830) 		gVUIUCN Scattered populations in central Rio Grande do Sul A green parrot with a red forehead, blue-tipped wings, and white eye-spots
Red-browed amazon A. rhodocorytha
(Salvadori,1890) 		eENIUCN Scattered populations along the southeast coastline of Brazil A green parrot with light-blue cheeks, a yellow mark between the eyes and the beak, a red forehead, a brown nape, and light-grey eye-spots
Tucumán amazon A. tucumana
(Cabanis,1885) 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in northern Argentina and southern Bolivia A green parrot with black-tipped wings, a red forehead, and white eye-spots
Hispaniolan amazon A. ventralis
(Müller,1776) 		gVUIUCN Hispaniola,Grande Cayemite,Gonâve,Beata,andSaona Island,and introduced to Puerto Rico,St Croix,andSt. Thomas Island A green parrot with a pink-speckled belly, dark-grey cheeks, and a white forehead and eye-spots
Saint Lucia amazon A. versicolor
(Müller,1776) 		gVUIUCN St Lucia A green parrot with a dark-blue head, and a black forehead and wing-tips
Vinaceous-breasted amazon A. vinacea
(Kuhl,1820) 		eENIUCN Southern Brazil no farther south than the southern tip of Paraguay A green parrot with a light-brown throat, a dark red mark between the eyes and the beak, and white eye-spots
Guadeloupe amazon †A. violacea
(Gmelin,1789) 		aEXIUCN Formerly Guadeloupe until 1779 A green parrot with a dark grey head and underside
Red-crowned amazon A. viridigenalis
(Cassin,1853) 		eENIUCN Sierra Madre Occidental A green parrot with a blue-grey nape, and a red forehead
Puerto Rican amazon A. vittata
(Boddaert,1783) 		CRIUCN Formerly in all of Puerto Rico and small adjacent islands, now northeastern Puerto Rico
Former range left, current range right 		A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a red forehead, and white eye-spots
Yucatán amazon A. xantholora
(Gray,1859) 		LCIUCN Yucatán Peninsula A green parrot with a blue forehead, grey-tipped feathers on the throat, a yellow mark between the eyes and beak, and white eye-spots
GenusHapalopsittacaRidgway,1912– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Rusty-faced parrot H. amazonina
(des Murs,1845) 		gVUIUCN Andes mountains in Colombia and Venezuela A green parrot with a red-orange head, a yellow throat, a light-green underside, blue-tipped wings and tail, and pink eye-spots
Fuertes's parrot H. fuertesi
(Chapman,1912) 		CRIUCN Andes mountains in central Colombia
Black-winged parrot H. melanotis
(de Lafresnaye,1847) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in northern Bolivia and central Peru A green parrot a light-blue head, green cheeks, black shoulders and eye-spots, and blue-edged wings
Red-faced parrot H. pyrrhops
(Salvin,1876) 		gENIUCN Andes mountains in southern Ecuador A green parrot with red shoulders and face, a light-blue forehead, violet-tipped wings, a blue-tipped tail, and grey eye-spots
GenusBrotogerisVigors,1825– eight species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Yellow-chevroned parakeet B. chiriri
(Vieillot,1818) 		LCIUCN Southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia and Paraguay, and introduced to California aroundLos AngelesandSan Francisco,and southern Florida A green parrot with white eye-spots and yellow shoulders
Golden-winged parakeet B. chrysoptera
(Linnaeus,1766) 		LCIUCN French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, eastern Venezuela, and northeast Brazil A green parrot with a red forehead, yellow shoulders, and white eye-spots
Cobalt-winged parakeet B. cyanoptera
(Pelzeln,1870) 		LCIUCN Northwest South America, east of the Andes mountains A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a light-blue forehead, and white eye-spots
Orange-chinned parakeet B. jugularis
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, southern El Salvador and Guatemala, northern Colombia, and northwest Venezuela A green parrot with a light green underside and an orange mark under the jaw
Grey-cheeked parakeet B. pyrrhoptera
(Latham,1801) 		eENIUCN Ecuador, west of the Andes mountains A green parrot with yellow cheeks and shoulders, blue marks between the eyes and beak, and white eye-spots
Tui parakeet B. sanctithomae
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, and along the Amazon river in Brazil A green parrot with a light-green underside, yellow forehead, and white eye-spots
Plain parakeet B. tirica
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Southern coast of Brazil A light-green parrot with dark-green wings
White-winged parakeet B. versicolurus
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Along the Amazon river, and introduced to California around Los Angeles and San Francisco A green parrot with white eye-spots and mark around the beak
GenusMyiopsittaBonaparte,1854– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Cliff parakeet M. luchsi
(Finsch,1868) 		LCIUCN Andes mountains in Bolivia A green parrot with a white head and chest, a light-green belly, blue-tipped wings and a blue-tipped tail
Monk parakeet M. monachus
(Boddaert,1783) 		LCIUCN Paraguay, Uruguay, and eastern Argentina, introduced to Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Japan, Virgin Islands, the southern and eastern United States, and western Europe A green parrot with a white head and chest, a light-green belly, blue-tipped wings and a blue-tipped tail

Family Psittaculidae[edit]

Subfamily Platycercinae[edit]

Main article:Platycercinae

Tribe Platycercini (broad-tailed parrots)

Main article:Platycercini
GenusPlatycercus(rosellas)Vigors,1825– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Western rosella P. icterotis
(Temminck&Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN Southwest Australia[24] A red parrot with black-and-green wings and tail, blue-edged wings, yellow cheeks, and grey eye-spots
Crimson rosella P. elegans
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Tasmania and the coast of New South Wales, Victoria, and mid-Queensland A red parrot with a violet chin with white speckles, navy blue wings with red-tipped feathers, blue-tipped wings, and a blue tail
Green rosella P. caledonicus
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Tasmania and theBass Straitislands[25] A green-yellow parrot with a blue chin, navy blue wings with blue-tipped feathers, blue-tipped wings, and a green-grey tail
Pale-headed rosella P. adscitus
(Latham,1790) 		LCIUCN Cape York Peninsulaand northeasternNew South Wales[26] A light-blue parrot with a white chin, navy blue wings with blue-tipped feathers, blue-tipped wings, a green-grey tail, and a black nape with yellow-tipped wings
Eastern rosella P. eximius
(Shaw,1792) 		LCIUCN Eastern Australia and Tasmania,naturalizedin New Zealand[27] A red parrot with a yellow belly, black wings with yellow-tipped feathers, blue-tipped wings, blue tail, and a white chin
Northern rosella P. venustus
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN Western half of theGulf of Carpentariato theKimberley[28] A parrot with a white underside with black-tipped feathers, black wings with white-tipped feathers, lavender-edged wings, a lavender chin, and a black forehead
GenusProsopeia(shining parrots)Bonaparte,1854– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Masked shining parrot P. personata
(Gray,1848) 		iNTIUCN Viti Levu,the largest island of Fiji A green parrot with a yellow underside, blue-tipped wings, and a black face and tail
Maroon shining parrot P. tabuensis,
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Vanua LevuandTaveuni,which are two islands of Fiji A dark-red parrot with green wings, blue-tipped wings, and a blue tail
Crimson shining parrot P. splendens,
(Peale,1849) 		gNTIUCN KadavuandOno,which are part of theKadavu Groupin Fiji A dark-orange parrot with green wings, blue-tipped wings, and a blue tail
GenusEunymphicusPeters,1937– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Horned parakeet E. cornutus,
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN New Caledonia A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a yellow nape, a black face, a red forehead, and two long, black tufts of feathers extending from the forehead to behind the head with red at the ends
Ouvea parakeet E. uvaeensis
(Layard, EL& Layard, ELC, 1882) 		eENIUCN Uvea,an island ofLoyalty Islands,and New Caledonia A green parrot with a dark-green face
GenusCyanoramphusBonaparte,1854– seven species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Yellow-crowned parakeet C. auriceps
(Kuhl,1820) 		iNTIUCN New Zealand,Stewart Island,andAuckland Island A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, an orange forehead, and a red mark above the beak
Malherbe's parakeet C. malherbi
de Souancé,1857 		CRIUCN South Island(of New Zealand) A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a yellow forehead, and an orange mark above the beak
Red-crowned parakeet C. novaezelandiae
(Sparrman,1787) 		iNTIUCN New Zealand and several nearby islands, New Caledonia, andNorfolk Island A green parrot with blue-tipped wings and a red forehead
Society parakeet †C. ulietanus
(Gmelin,1788) 		aEXIUCN FormerlyRaiatea,an island of theSociety IslandsinFrench Polynesiauntil 1777
Antipodes parakeet C. unicolor
(Lear,1831) 		gVUIUCN Antipodes Islandsof New Zealand A green parrot with a light-green underside
Black-fronted parakeet †C. zealandicus
(Latham,1790) 		aEXIUCN FormerlyTahitiand French Polynesia until 1844 A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a red back and cheeks, and brown eye-spots
GenusBarnardiusBonaparte1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Australian ringneck B. zonarius
(Shaw,1805) 		LCIUCN Australian mainland, excluding the northern and eastern coasts A green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a dark-green throat, a black head, a red forehead, a dark-violet chin, and a green-yellow underside
GenusPurpureicephalusBonaparte1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-capped parrot P. spurius
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN Southwestern tip of Australia A dark-green parrot with blue-tipped wings, a blue-tipped tail, yellow cheeks, and a red forehead
GenusLathamusLesson1830– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Swift parrot L. discolor
Shaw,1790 		CRIUCN Coast of New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania A green parrot with blue shoulders, a blue-green head, a blue forehead, and a red mark above and below the beak
GenusNorthiellaMathews1912– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Eastern bluebonnet N. haematogaster
(Gould,1838) 		LCIUCN New South Wales and into Southern Australia and the southeastern corner ofWestern Australia A grey parrot with yellow-and-blue-tipped wings, red ankles, and a violet face
Naretha bluebonnet N. narethae
(HL White,1921) 		NEIUCN[e] southeastern Western Australia, southwestern South Australia
GenusPsephotusGould1845– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-rumped parrot P. haematonotus
(Gould,1838) 		LCIUCN New South Wales and southernQueensland The females are brown with a white underside with several black, half-circular marks across the body. The males are green with a bright-blue face and wings, blue-tipped wings, and a yellow belly
GenusPsephotellusMathews1913– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Mulga parrot P. varius
(Clark,1910) 		LCIUCN Southern and central Australia The females have a brown head and neck, a green belly, and blue-green wings and tail. The males are blue-green with orange shoulders and mark above the beak, and red ankles
Hooded parrot P. dissimilis
(Collett,1898) 		LCIUCN Northern Territory The females are green with a grey forehead and bright-blue tail. The males are bright-blue with a black forehead, yellow shoulders, and brown wings
Golden-shouldered parrot P. chrysopterygius
(Gould,1858) 		eENIUCN Cape York Peninsula The females are green. The males are bright-blue with a black forehead, yellow shoulders, grey wings, and a red belly
Paradise parrot †P. pulcherrimus
(Gould,1845) 		aEXIUCN Formerly eastern Australia until 1928 The females are yellow-brown with a black forehead and wings, and red shoulders. The males are blue with a black forehead, nape, wings, and tail; and red shoulders, belly, and mark above the beak

Tribe Pezoporini
Bonaparte,1837

Main article:Pezoporini
GenusNeophemaSalvadori1891– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-winged parrot N. chrysostoma
(Kuhl,1820) 		VUIUCN Western New South Wales, eastern Southern Australia, and a resident population in Tasmania and the southern coast of New South Wales A yellow parrot with blue-tipped wings and blue marks between the eyes and the beak
Elegant parrot N. elegans
(Gould,1837) 		LCIUCN Southwestern Western Australia and southeastern South Australia A yellow parrot with blue wingtips and marks between the eyes and the beak
Rock parrot N. petrophila
(Gould,1841) 		LCIUCN Spencer Gulf,Peron Peninsula,and the southwest coast of Western Australia A green-brown parrot with a blue mark above the beak
Orange-bellied parrot N. chrysogaster
(Latham,1790) 		CRIUCN Melaleuca, Tasmaniaand they spend winter in the southern coast of Victoria A light-green parrot with a green-yellow underside, and blue wingtips and marks above the beak
Turquoise parrot N. pulchella
(Shaw,1792) 		LCIUCN Coast of New South Wales A blue parrot with a yellow underside and a green nape. The females have a green head and the males have a blue head
Scarlet-chested parrot N. splendida
(Gould,1841) 		LCIUCN Large patches in the southern half of Australia A green parrot with a red chest, a yellow underside, and a blue head
GenusNeopsephotusMathews1912– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Bourke's parrot N. bourkii
(Gould,1841) 		LCIUCN Western and South Australia, and central Australia A purple parrot with a pink underside, blue-edged wings, and black wings with white-edged feathers
GenusPezoporusIlliger1811– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Night parrot P. occidentalis
(Gould,1861) 		eCRIUCN Sighted in western central Australia 4 times in total twice in 1979–1980, 1990, and 2006. Sighted 3 times in total in northern West Australia twice in 1979–1980, and in 2005
Known locations since 1950 		A green parrot with black-edged feathers and wing-tips, and a light green underside
Ground parrot P. wallicus
(Kerr,1792) 		LCIUCN Tasmania and the coast of southeast Australia
in orange 		A green parrot with black-edged feathers and wing-tips, and a light green underside

Subfamily Psittacellinae[edit]

Main article:Psittacellinae
GenusPsittacella(tiger parrots)Schlegel1871– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Madarasz's tiger parrot P. madaraszi
Meyer,1886 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands
Modest tiger parrot P. modesta
Schlegel,1871 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands
Painted tiger parrot P. picta
Rothschild,1896 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands on the Papua New Guinea side A green parrot with a red forehead, a black face, blue eye-spots, an orange underside-of-the-tail, a yellow nape, and a light green belly, whose males have a blue chest and females have a yellow chest
Brehm's tiger parrot P. brehmii
Schlegel,1871 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands A green parrot with a dark green forehead, black-tipped feathers on the nape, and a light green underside

Subfamily Loriinae[edit]

Main article:Loriinae

Tribe Loriini
Selby,1836

GenusChalcopsittaBonaparte1850– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Black lory C. atra
(Scopoli,1786) 		LCIUCN West Papua A dark purple parrot with a yellow tail and a red underside-of-the-tail
Brown lory C. duivenbodei
Dubois,1884 		LCIUCN Northern New Guinea A gray parrot with yellow marks above and below the beak, yellow streaks on the nape, and brown wings
Yellow-streaked lory C. scintillata
(Temminck,1835) 		LCIUCN New Guinea, south of the New Guinea Highlands A green parrot with a red forehead, yellow streaks on the underside, and a brown underside
GenusEosWagler1832– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Black-winged lory E. cyanogenia
Bonaparte,1850 		gVUIUCN Schouten Islands A red parrot with blue cheeks extending to the eyes, black eye-spots and wings
Violet-necked lory E. squamata
(Boddaert,1783) 		LCIUCN North Maluku A red parrot with a violet neck and underside, and black eye-spots and wingtips
Blue-streaked lory E. reticulata
(Müller,1841) 		iNTIUCN Banda Seaislands A red parrot with a dark blue streak behind the eyes, dark blue eye-spots, and black-tipped wings
Red-and-blue lory E. histrio
(Müller,1776) 		eENIUCN Talaud Islands A red parrot with a blue chest, nape, and forehead
Red lory E. bornea
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Seram Island,an island of theMalukaarchipelagobetween the Banda andCeramseas A red parrot with a blue underside-of-the-tail
Blue-eared lory E. semilarvata
Bonaparte,1850 		LCIUCN Central Pulua Seram, and island of the Maluka archipelago between the Banda and Ceram seas A red parrot with black eye-spots, a dark blue streak behind the eyes, and black wingtips and shoulders
GenusPseudeosPeters1935– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Dusky lory P. fuscata
(Blyth,1858) 		LCIUCN New Guinea A black parrot with orange stripes
Cardinal lory P. cardinalis[f]
(Gray,1849) 		LCIUCN Solomon Islands A red parrot with black eye-spots
GenusTrichoglossusStephens1826– ten species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Rainbow lorikeet T. moluccanus
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Eastern Australian coast, introduced toPerth A green parrot with a yellow nape and spots on the legs, a red chest with black-tipped feathers, and a blue-purple face
Sunset lorikeet T. forsteni
Bonaparte,1850

i

NTIUCN Islands ofBali,Lombok,Sumbawa,Tanahjampea,andKalaotoa A green parrot with a black head and belly, a red chest, and a yellow nape
Leaf lorikeet T. weberi
(Büttikofer,1894) 		iNTIUCN Flores A green parrot with a yellow-green chest and nape
Marigold lorikeet T. capistratus
(Bechstein,1811) 		LCIUCN Timor A green parrot with a yellow chest, nape, and legs, and a blue forehead
Coconut lorikeet T. haematodus
(Linnaeus,1771) 		LCIUCN Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia A green parrot with blue head and belly, and an yellow chest
Biak lorikeet T. rosenbergii
Schlegel,1871 		gVUIUCN Biak,and island of the Schouten Islands A green parrot with a black head and underside, and a dark blue face
Red-collared lorikeet T. rubritorquis
VigorsandHorsfield,1827 		LCIUCN Northern Australia, excluding Cape York Peninsula A green parrot with a blue head, an orange neck, and a black mark behind the nape and on the legs
Olive-headed lorikeet T. euteles
(Temminck,1835) 		LCIUCN East Nusa Tenggaraand Timor A green parrot with a yellow-green underside and a yellow head
Pohnpei lorikeet T. rubiginosus
(Bonaparte,1850) 		iNTIUCN Pohnpei,and island of Micronesia A red-violet parrot with a yellow underside-of-the-tail
Scaly-breasted lorikeet T. chlorolepidotus
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN Eastern Australia A green parrot with yellow stripes on the underside
GenusSaudareosJoseph et al., 2020– 5 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Yellow-cheeked lorikeet S. meyeri
(Walden, 1871) 		LCIUCN Sulawesi
Mindanao lorikeet S. johnstoniae
(Hartert,1903) 		iNTIUCN Mindanao,the second largest island of the Philippines A green parrot with a red-brown area around the beak, a red-violet stripe going around the head over the eyes, and yellow-tipped feathers on the underside
Sula lorikeet S. flavoviridis
Wallace,1863 		iLCIUCN Sula Islands
Ornate lorikeet S. ornatus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Sulawesiand surrounding islands A green parrot with a black throat and forehead, red cheeks, and a yellow nape
Iris lorikeet S. iris
(Temminck,1835) 		LCIUCN Timor A green parrot with a light green underside, a red forehead, and a violet mark behind the eyes
GenusPsitteutelesBonaparte1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Varied lorikeet P. versicolor
(Lear,1831) 		LCIUCN Northern Australia A green parrot with yellow spots on the body excluding the wings, and a red forehead
GenusGlossoptilusRothschildandHartert,1896– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Goldie's lorikeet G. goldiei
(Sharpe,1882) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands A green parrot with a light green underside, black-tipped wings, violet cheeks, a purple streak behind the eyes, and a red forehead
GenusLoriusVigors1825– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Chattering lory L. garrulus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		gVUIUCN North Maluku A red parrot with green wings and ankles
Purple-naped lory L. domicella
(Linnaeus,1758) 		eENIUCN Seram,Ambon,and possiblyHarukuandSaparuaof South Maluku A green parrot with a red head and underside, a black forehead, and a violet nape
Black-capped lory L. lory
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN New Guinea, excluding the New Guinea Highlands A red parrot with a black forehead, a purple belly, a blue underside-of-the-tail, a yellow tail, and green wings
Purple-bellied lory L. hypoinochrous
Gray,1859 		LCIUCN New Britain,New Ireland,and the eastern coastline of thePapuan Peninsula A red parrot with a black forehead, a dark purple belly, a blue underside-of-the-tail, and a yellow tail
White-naped lory L. albidinucha
(RothschildandHartert,1924) 		iNTIUCN New Ireland
Yellow-bibbed lory L. chlorocercus
Gould,1856 		LCIUCN Southern Solomon Islands A red parrot with a black forehead, a yellow throat, green wings, white shoulders, and blue ankles
GenusViniLesson,1833– 11 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-crowned lorikeet V. australis
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Various islands east of Fiji, including Samoa, and formerly Tonga andWallis and Futuna A green parrot with a red chin and throat, a violet belly, a blue forehead, and a small crest
Kuhl's lorikeet V. kuhlii
(Vigors,1824) 		eENIUCN Washington Island,Fanning Island,andChristmas Islandof Kiribati, andRimataraof French Polynesia Drawing of two parrots with a green back, red throat and belly, blue nape, and yellow central tail
Stephen's lorikeet V. stepheni
(North,1908) 		gVUIUCN Henderson Islandin thePitcairn Islands(UK) Drawing of green parrot with red face and belly, green and black wings, and yellow tail
Blue lorikeet V. peruviana
(Müller,1776) 		gVUIUCN Eastern French Polynesia, and formerly central French Polynesia Blue parrot with white chin and neck
Ultramarine lorikeet V. ultramarina
(Kuhl,1820) 		eENIUCN Marquesas Islands Drawing of a green parrot with a brown face and chest with white spots, a black chest ring below, and white belly. A Blue lorikeet is also pictured above.
Collared lory V. solitaria
(Suckow,1800) 		LCIUCN Fiji A green parrot with a red head and underside, and a black forehead
Meek's lorikeet V. meeki
(RothschildandHartert,1901) 		iLCIUCN Bougainville Island and six islands of the Solomon Islands
Red-chinned lorikeet V. rubrigularis
(Sclater,1881) 		LCIUCN New Britain, New Ireland,New Hanover Island,andKarkar Island
New Caledonian lorikeet V. diadema
(Verreauxanddes Murs,1860) 		CRIUCN Last official sighting in 1913 in New Caledonia Drawing of two light green parrots with darker wings, red beaks, and yellow chins and tail tips
Red-throated lorikeet V. amabilis
(Ramsay,1875) 		CRIUCN Viti Levu,Vanua Levu,TaveuniandOvalau(islands of Fiji) Drawing of two green parrots with lighter bellies and red faces and necks, and one with no red and yellow and maroon stripes on underside of wings
Palm lorikeet V. palmarum
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN Santa Cruzand Vanuatu
GenusParvipsittaMathews,1916– two species[g]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Purple-crowned lorikeet P. porphyrocephala[h]
(Dietrichsen, 1837) 		LCIUCN Coastal south and south-western Australia Green parrot with orange brow and cheeks, purple crown, and yellow tail
Little lorikeet P. pusilla[i]
(Shaw,1790) 		LCIUCN Coastal eastern Australia Green parrot with a red face
GenusGlossopsittaBonaparte,1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Musk lorikeet G. concinna
(Shaw,1791) 		LCIUCN Southeast Australia and Tasmania Green parrot with yellow spots on its back and a red stripe across the eyes
GenusCharminettaIredale,1956– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Pygmy lorikeet C. wilhelminae
(Meyer,1874) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands
GenusHypocharmosynaSalvadori,1891– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-fronted lorikeet H. rubronotata LCIUCN Northern New Guinea and West Papua
Red-flanked lorikeet H. placentis
(Temminck,1835) 		LCIUCN New Guinea (excluding the New Guinea Highlands), North Maluku, Maluku, New Britain, New Ireland, and Bougainville Island Two green parrots with red beaks, one male with red sides and blue cheeks, and one female with yellow flecked cheeks
GenusCharmosynopsisSalvadori,1877– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-fronted lorikeet C. toxopei
(Siebers,1930) 		CRIUCN Buruof Maluku
Fairy lorikeet C. pulchella
(Gray,1859) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands, West Papua, and Papuan Peninsula Drawing of red parrot with green wings, nape, and upper tail, with yellow flecked chest
GenusSynorhacmaJoseph et al., 2020– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Striated lorikeet S. multistriata
(Rothschild,1911) 		iLCIUCN New Guinea Highlands
GenusCharmosynoidesJoseph et al., 2020– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Duchess lorikeet C. margarethae
(Tristram,1879) 		iLCIUCN Bougainville Islandand six islands of the Solomon Islands Drawing of a red parrot with black crown, yellow neck ring and tail tips, and green wings
GenusCharmosynaWagler,1832– 3 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Josephine's lorikeet C. josefinae
(Finsch,1873) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands Red parrot with black crown and green wings with yellow spots
West Papuan lorikeet C. papou
(Scopoli,1786) 		LCIUCN West Papua Green parrot with red head, black stripe across the eyes, blue inner wings and yellow tail and wing tips
Stella's lorikeet C. stellae
Meyer,1886 		LCIUCN West Papua
GenusOreopsittacusSalvadori,1877– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Plum-faced lorikeet O. arfaki
(Meyer,1874) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands Two green parrots with red tails and belly patches, deep purple faces with a white stripe, one with a red crown
GenusNeopsittacusSalvadori,1875– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Yellow-billed lorikeet N. musschenbroekii
(Schlegel,1871) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands Two green parrots with red bellies and large yellow beaks
Orange-billed lorikeet N. pullicauda
Hartert,1896 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands Drawing of two green parrots with orange beaks and red bellies and tail and wing tips

Tribe Melopsittacini

GenusMelopsittacusGould,1840– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Budgerigar M. undulatus
(Shaw,1805) 		LCIUCN Non-coastal Australia Green parrot with yellow head and yellow and black patterned wings

Tribe Cyclopsittini (fig parrots)

Main article:Cyclopsittini
GenusCyclopsittaReichenbach,1850– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-fronted fig parrot C. gulielmitertii
(Schlegel,1866) 		LCIUCN Salawatiand theBird's Head PeninsulainNew Guinea
A green parrot with blue-edged wings and orange cheeks
A green parrot with blue-edged wings and white cheeks and throat
Female left, male right
Black-fronted fig parrot C. nigrifrons
Reichenow,1891 		LC northernNew Guinea
Dusky-cheeked fig parrot C. melanogenia
(Rosenberg, HKB, 1866) 		LC southernNew Guineaand Aru Island
Double-eyed fig parrot C. diophthalma
(HombronandJacquinot,1841) 		LCIUCN Aru Islands,Waigeo,New Guinea, and the eastern coast of Cape York Peninsula Green parrot with red cheeks and brow, and blue temples
GenusPsittaculirostrisG. R. GrayandJ. E. Gray,1859– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Large fig parrot P. desmarestii
(Desmarest,1826) 		LCIUCN West Papua Green parrot with yellow head, red crown, and blue eye and wing markings
Edwards's fig parrot P. edwardsii
(Oustalet,1885) 		LCIUCN Northern coast of Papua New Guinea Green parrot with blue, light blue, red, and yellow head markings
Salvadori's fig parrot P. salvadorii
(Oustalet,1880) 		LCIUCN Northern coast ofPapua Province

Subfamily Agapornithinae[edit]

Main article:Agapornithinae
GenusAgapornis(lovebirds)Selby,1836– nine species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Rosy-faced lovebird A. roseicollis
(Vieillot,1818) 		LCIUCN Southwestern Africa Green parrot with pink face and blue tail tips
Yellow-collared lovebird A. personatus LCIUCN Eastern Africa around Tanzania Green parrot with yellow neck, black head, and red beak
Fischer's lovebird A. fischeri
Reichenow,1887 		iNTIUCN Eastern Africa around Tanzania Three green parrots with yellow neck and crown, orange face, and red beak
Lilian's lovebird A. lilianae
Shelley,1894 		iNTIUCN Southeastern Africa around Malawi Green parrot with orange chin and face and red forehead
Black-cheeked lovebird A. nigrigenis
Sclater,1906 		gVUIUCN Southwest Zambia Two bright green parrots with orange chin, black head, and red beak
Gray-headed lovebird A. canus
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Coast of Madagascar and formerly Comoros Two green parrots, the right with white chest and head
Female left, male right
Black-winged lovebird A. taranta
(Smith-Stanley,1814) 		LCIUCN Ethiopia and central Eritrea Green parrot with red crown and orange beak
Red-headed lovebird A. pullarius
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Sub-Saharan Africanorth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and around theGulf of Guinea Two green parrots with orange faces
Black-collared lovebird A. swindernianus
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN West equatorial Africa Light green parrot with orange chest marking and black neck marking
GenusLoriculus(hanging parrots)Blyth,1849– 15 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Moluccan hanging parrot L. amabilis
Wallace,1862 		LCIUCN North Maluku Drawing of two green parrots, one with red crown and central tail, and yellow back
Orange-fronted hanging parrot L. aurantiifrons
Schlegel,1871 		LCIUCN New Guinea, excluding the New Guinea Highlands Drawing of green parrot with darker wings, red crown, and red central tail
Sri Lanka hanging parrot L. beryllinus
(Pennant,1781) 		LCIUCN Southern Sri Lanka Green parrot with darker wings and a red crown and beak
Sangihe hanging parrot L. catamene
Schlegel,1871 		iNTIUCN Sangihe Islands Drawing of two green parrots with red central tail and a blue underside of dark green wings
Pygmy hanging parrot L. exilis
Schlegel,1866 		iNTIUCN Sulawesi Drawing of green parrot with darker wings and red central tail
Wallace's hanging parrot L. flosculus
Wallace,1864 		eENIUCN Flores
Blue-crowned hanging parrot L. galgulus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Sumatra,Borneoand theMalay Peninsula
A green parrot with a short tail and black bill
A green parrot with a red tail and blue patch on top of his head
Female left, male right
Sula hanging parrot L. sclateri
Wallace,1863 		LCIUCN Taliabu,Peleng,and smaller, nearby islands Drawing of green parrot with red back and tail, with a yellow band mid-back
Great hanging parrot L. stigmatus
(Müller,1843) 		LCIUCN Sulawesi Green parrot with red throat
Bismarck hanging parrot L. tener
Sclater,1877 		iNTIUCN New Britain, New Ireland, and New Hanover Drawing of two green parrots with red throat and yellow tail
Philippine hanging parrot L. philippensis
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN The Philippines Drawing of two green parrots with red tail, red crown and chin, yellow nape, and blue face
Black-billed hanging parrot L. bonapartei
Souancé,1856 		Sulu Archipelagoof thePhilippines The front of the crown of the black-billed hanging parrot is red, turning to orange and yellow on the back of the crown. The tail is green above and blue below. Most of its feathers are bright green, its bill is black and its irises are brown
Camiguin hanging parrot L. camiguinensis
Tello, Degner, Bates & Willard, 2006 		Camiguinof thePhilippines mostly green with blue throat, face and thighs, and a red tail and red crown. Males and female birds look identical. Only the males of all the other populations living on other islands have a red area on their fronts
Yellow-throated hanging parrot L. pusillus
Gray,1859 		iNTIUCN Javaand Bali Green parrot with yellow throat
Vernal hanging parrot L. vernalis
(Sparrman,1787) 		LCIUCN Indochina(excluding the Malay Peninsula), and theEasternandWesternGhats Green parrot with darker wings and orange beak
GenusBolbopsittacusSalvadori1891– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Guaiabero B. lunulatus
(Scopoli,1786) 		LCIUCN Philippines, excluding the central islands Green parrot with yellow-flecked wings and bright blue-green face

Subfamily Psittaculinae[edit]

Main article:Psittaculinae

Tribe Polytelini

Main article:Polytelini
GenusAlisterus(king parrots)Mathews,1911– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Moluccan king parrot A. amboinensis
(Linnaeus,1766) 		LCIUCN West Papua, Maluku, North Maluku, Buru Island, and theBanggai Islands Red parrot with green wings and blue back
Australian king parrot A. scapularis
(Lichtenstein,1818) 		LCIUCN Eastern coast of Australia Red parrot with green wings
Papuan king parrot A. chloropterus
(Ramsay,1879) 		LCIUCN New Guinea, excluding West Papua and the New Guinea Highlands Red parrot with green wings
GenusAprosmictusGould,1842– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Jonquil parrot A. jonquillaceus
(Vieillot,1818) 		iNTIUCN Timor
Red-winged parrot A. erythropterus
(Gmelin,1788) 		LCIUCN Northern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea Two green parrots, one with red and black wings and one with red and green
GenusPolytelisWagler,1832– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Superb parrot P. swainsonii
(Desmarest,1826) 		LCIUCN Central New South Wales Green parrot with blue wings, yellow face, and orange chin and beak
Regent parrot P. anthopeplus
(Lear,1831) 		LCIUCN Southwest Western Australia and southwest New South Wales and northwest Victoria Two yellow parrots with black tails, wing edges, and backs
Princess parrot P. alexandrae
Gould,1863 		iNTIUCN Central Australia Green parrot with grey head, pink throat, yellow back, and dark wing tips

Tribe Psittaculini

Main article:Psittaculini
GenusPrioniturus(racket-tails)Wagler,1842– nine species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Montane racket-tail P. montanus
Ogilvie-Grant,1895 		iNTIUCN Luzon Stamp with drawing of two green parrots with yellow chest and orange back, one with blue face and red crown
Mindanao racket-tail P. waterstradti
Rothschild,1904 		iNTIUCN Mindanao,an island of the Philippines
Blue-headed racket-tail P. platenae
Blasius,1888 		gVUIUCN Palawan,an island chain of the Philippines Green parrot with darker wings
Green racket-tail P. luconensis
Steere,1890 		eENIUCN Luzon andMarinduque
Blue-crowned racket-tail P. discurus
(Vieillot,1822) 		LCIUCN Central and southern Philippines Drawing of two green parrots with darker wings, yellow throat, and blue crown and tail tips
Mindoro racket-tail P. mindorensis
Steere,1890 		gVUIUCN Mindoro,an island of the Philippines
Blue-winged racket-tail P. verticalis
Sharpe,1893 		CRIUCN Sulu Archipelago Drawing of two green parrots with darker wings and blue tail tips, one with a red and blue crown
Yellow-breasted racket-tail P. flavicans
Cassin,1853 		iNTIUCN Northern Sulawesi Drawing of a green parrot with yellow shoulders and a blue and red crown
Golden-mantled racket-tail P. platurus
(Vieillot,1818) 		LCIUCN Sulawesi and the Sula Islands Drawing of two green parrots, one with orange shoulders and a blue and red crown
Buru racket-tail P. mada
Hartert,1900 		LCIUCN Buru, Indonesia Green parrot with yellow under-tail and blue shoulders and crown
GenusEclectusWagler,1832– five species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Moluccan eclectus E. roratus
(Müller,1776) 		LCIUCN Maluku, North Maluku Two parrots, one green with orange and yellow bill, one red with blue nape
Sumba eclectus E. cornelia
Bonaparte,1850 		EN Sumba
Tanimbar eclectus E. riedeli
AB Meyer, 1882 		VU Tanimbar Islands
Papuan eclectus E. polychloros
(Scopoli,1786) 		LC fromKai Islandsand western islands of theWest Papuaprovince in the west, across the island of New Guinea to theTrobriands,D'Entrecasteaux Islands,andLouisiade Archipelago
Oceanic eclectus †E. infectus
Steadman,2006 		aEXIUCN Formerly Tonga and possiblyMalakulauntil the late 1700s Charcoal drawing of a parrot
GenusGeoffroyusBonaparte,1850– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-cheeked parrot G. geoffroyi
(Bechstein,1811) 		LCIUCN New Guinea (excluding the New Guinea Highlands), Maluku, North Maluku, Buru Island, Aru Islands, Timor, and theLesser Sunda Islands Green parrot with rose cheeks and brow
Blue-collared parrot G. simplex
(Meyer,1874) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands and West Papua
Song parrot G. heteroclitus
(HombronandJacquinot,1841) 		LCIUCN New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, and the Solomon Islands
Rennell parrot G. hyacinthinus
(Mayr,1931) 		LCIUCN Rennell Island,an island of the Solomon Islands
GenusTanygnathusWagler,1832– four species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Great-billed parrot T. megalorynchos
(Boddaert,1783) 		LCIUCN North Maluku, Maluku, Buru Island,Tanimbar Islands,East Nusa Tenggara,and Sumba Green parrot with blue wing tips and large red beak
Blue-naped parrot T. lucionensis
(Linnaeus,1766) 		iNTIUCN The Philippines Green parrot with blue nape and red beak
Blue-backed parrot T. sumatranus
(Raffles,1822) 		LCIUCN The Philippines, Sulawesi, and Taliabu Green parrot with blue back and red beak
Black-lored parrot T. gramineus
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN Buru Island
GenusPsittinusBlyth,1842– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blue-rumped parrot P. cyanurus
(Forster,1795) 		iNTIUCN Borneo, Sumatra, theMentawai Islands,Bangka Island,Riau Archipelago,theLingga Islands,and the Malay Peninsula Dusty green parrot with bright green wings, blue brow, and red beak
Simeulue parrot P. abbotti
Richmond,1902 		iNTIUCN Simeulueand theSiumat Islands
GenusPsittaculaCuvier,1800– fifteen species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Newton's parakeet †P. exsul
(Newton,1872) 		aEXIUCN FormerlyRodrigues,an island of Mauritius until 1875 Drawing of blue parrot with darker wings and head
Echo parakeet P. eques
(Boddaert,1783) 		ENIUCN Southwest corner of Mauritius and formerlyRéunion Green parrot with darker wings
Rose-ringed parakeet P. krameri
(Scopoli,1769) 		LCIUCN Equatorial Africa, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Burma Green parrot with red beak and pink neck ring
Alexandrine parakeet P. eupatria
(Linnaeus,1766) 		iNTIUCN Eastern India, Western Ghats, theHimalayas,Indochina, and introduced to Bahrain and southwest Iran Green parrot with red beak
Seychelles parakeet †P. wardi
(Newton,1867) 		aEXIUCN FormerlyMahé,Praslin,andSilhouette Islanduntil 1883 Drawing of green parrot with blue neck ring, red beak, and red wing patch
Plum-headed parakeet P. cyanocephala
(Linnaeus,1766) 		LCIUCN India, Sri Lanka, and the Himalayas Two light green parrots with green wings, one with red wing patch, blue neck ring, and red head, the other with orange neck ring and grey head
Blossom-headed parakeet P. roseata
Biswas,1951 		iNTIUCN Indochina (excluding Malaysia) and the eastern Himalayas Drawing of two green parrots with darker wings, one with a white head and red cheeks
Slaty-headed parakeet P. himalayana
(Lesson,1831) 		LCIUCN the Himalayas Green parrot with darker wings, blue nape, and dark grey head
Gray-headed parakeet P. finschii
(Hume,1874) 		iNTIUCN Indochina, excluding Thailand and Malaysia Drawing of two green parrots with dark grey head, blue neck ring, and red beaks
Blue-winged parakeet P. columboides
(Vigors,1830) 		LCIUCN Western Ghats
A white parrot with green-blue wings, a yellow tail, and a grey collar
A white parrot with green-blue wings, a long blue tail, and a grey head with red bill
Female left, male right
Layard's parakeet P. calthrapae
(Blyth,1849) 		LCIUCN Southern Sri Lanka Green parrot with grey back, head, and tail
Lord Derby's parakeet P. derbiana
(Fraser,1852) 		iNTIUCN Southern China near the China/India and China/Myanmar border Two grey parrots with green back and wings, one with red beak
Red-breasted parakeet P. alexandri
(Linnaeus,1758) 		iNTIUCN Indochina (excluding central Thailand) and the Himalayas Two green parrots with red chest and grey heads, one with a red beak
Nicobar parakeet P. caniceps
(Blyth,1846) 		iNTIUCN Nicobar Islandswhich is northwest of Sumatra Drawing of two green parrots with grey heads, one with a blue beak and one with red
Long-tailed parakeet P. longicauda
(Boddaert,1783) 		iNTIUCN Sumatra, coasts of Borneo, tip of the Malay Peninsula Green parrot with blue tail, red head, and black crown
Mascarene grey parakeet †P. bensoni[j]
(Holyoak, 1973) 		aEXIUCN Formerly Mauritius until 1764 Drawing of a grey parrot with red beak
Genus†LophopsittacusCuvier,1800– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Broad-billed parrot †L. mauritianus
(Owen,1866) 		aEXIUCN Formerly Mauritius until 1693 Drawing of black parrot
Genus†NecropsittacusMilne-Edwards,1874– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Rodrigues parrot †N. rodricanus
(Milne-Edwards,1867) 		aEXIUCN Formerly Rodrigues, an island of Mauritius, until 1761

Tribe Micropsittini

Main article:Micropsittini
GenusMicropsitta(pygmy parrots)Lesson,1831– six species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Buff-faced pygmy parrot M. pusio
(Sclater,1866) 		LCIUCN Northern coast of New Guinea, coast of the Papuan Peninsula, and the southern islands of theBismarck Archipelago Drawing of green parrot with orange head and black and blue tail tips
Yellow-capped pygmy parrot M. keiensis
(Salvadori,1876) 		LCIUCN Southern New Guinea, the Aru Islands, coast of West Papua, and theRaja Ampat Islands Drawing of green parrot with yellow cheeks and yellow tail with black markings
Geelvink pygmy parrot M. geelvinkiana
(Schlegel,1871) 		iNTIUCN Biak-Supiori and Numfor (islands of theBaik Island) Drawing of two green parrots with orange faces and blue crowns, one with orange chest
Meek's pygmy parrot M. meeki
RothschildandHartert,1914 		LCIUCN Admiralty Islandsand theSt Matthias Islands
Finsch's pygmy parrot M. finschii
(Ramsay,1881) 		LCIUCN Solomon Islands and New Ireland
Red-breasted pygmy parrot M. bruijnii
(Salvadori,1875) 		LCIUCN New Guinea Highlands, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville Island,Kolombangara Island,Guadalcanal,West Papua, and Maruku

Family Psittrichasiidae[edit]

Main article:Psittrichasiidae

Subfamily Coracopsinae[edit]

Main article:Coracopsinae
GenusCoracopsis(vasa parrots)Wagler,1832– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Greater vasa parrot C. vasa
(Shaw,1812) 		LCIUCN The coasts of Madagascar and Comoros (excludingMayotte) A brown parrot
Lesser vasa parrot C. nigra
(Linnaeus,1758) 		LCIUCN Madagascar A brown parrot with blue-tipped wings
Seychelles black parrot C. barklyi
Newton,1867 		gVUIUCN Praslinand possiblyCurieuse Island A brown parrot

Subfamily Psittrichasinae[edit]

Main article:Psittrichasinae
GenusPsittrichasLesson,1831– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Pesquet's parrot P. fulgidus
(Lesson,1830) 		gVUIUCN New Guinea Highlands A blue-grey parrot with a red underside and wing tips

Cockatoos[edit]

Main article:Cockatoo

Family Cacatuidae[edit]

Subfamily Nymphicinae[edit]

Main article:Nymphicinae
GenusNymphicusWagler,1832– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Cockatiel N. hollandicus
(Kerr,1792) 		LCIUCN Australia, excluding the coast
A grey parrot with white wings (except for the edges), a red cheek, and a yellow head
A grey parrot with white wings (except for the edges), a red cheek, and a yellow-grey head
Male left, female right

Subfamily Calyptorhynchinae[edit]

Main article:Calyptorhynchinae
GenusCalyptorhynchusDesmarest,1826– two species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Red-tailed black cockatoo C. banksii
(Latham,1790) 		LCIUCN West Western Australia, northern North Australia, and eastern Australia except Victoria A black parrot with a crest and males have small, white spots on their head and neck
Glossy black cockatoo C. lathami
(Temminck,1807) 		VUIUCN =Eastern coast of Australia except Queensland
A brown parrot with black wings and a crest
A brown parrot with a small crest and yellow neck
Male left, female right
GenusZandaMathews,1913– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Baudin's black cockatoo Z. baudinii
(Lear,1832) 		eCRIUCN Southwestern tip of Australia A brown parrot with a crest, and a white back-of-the-neck and beak
Yellow-tailed black cockatoo Z. funerea
(Shaw,1794) 		LCIUCN Eastern coast of New South Wales, and all of Victoria and Tasmania
Z. f. funereusin red,Z. f. xanthanotusin green 		A brown parrot with a crest and white cheeks
Carnaby's black cockatoo Z. latirostris
(Carnaby,1948) 		eENIUCN Southwestern tip of Australia A brown parrot with a crest, and white cheeks and beak

Subfamily Cacatuinae[edit]

Main article:Cacatuinae

Tribe Microglossini

Main article:Microglossini
GenusProboscigerKuhl,1820– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Palm cockatoo P. aterrimus
(Gmelin,1788) 		NTIUCN New Guinea excluding the New Guinea Highlands A black parrot with a crest, and a red face

Tribe Cacatuini

Main article:Cacatuini
GenusCallocephalonLesson,1837– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Gang-gang cockatoo C. fimbriatum
(Grant,1803) 		VUIUCN Southern coast of Victoria A grey parrot with a red head and crest
GenusEolophusBonaparte,1854– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Galah E. roseicapilla
(Vieillot,1817) 		LCIUCN Most of Australia A grey parrot with a pink underside and throat, and a white forehead
GenusCacatuaVieillot,1817– 12 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
White cockatoo C. alba
(Müller,1776) 		eENIUCN North Maluku A white parrot with a crest and a grey beak
Solomons cockatoo C. ducorpsii
Pucheran,1853 		LCIUCN Solomon Islands A white parrot with a crest
Sulphur-crested cockatoo C. galerita
(Latham,1790) 		LCIUCN New Guinea and the eastern and northern coasts of Australia including Tasmania. Introduced to the southwestern tip of Australia
Native range in red, introduced range in violet 		A white parrot with a grey beak and a yellow crest
Tanimbar corella C. goffiniana
Roselaar and Michels, 2004 		iNTIUCN Yamdenaand Larat of theTanimbar Islands,and introduced to theKai Islands A white parrot with a crest and a grey beak
Red-vented cockatoo C. haematuropygia
(Müller,1776) 		CRIUCN The Philippines A white parrot with a crest
Major Mitchell's cockatoo C. leadbeateri
(Vigors,1831) 		LCIUCN Australia excluding the coast A white parrot with a pink head and underside, a red crest, a grey beak, and white eye-spots
Salmon-crested cockatoo C. moluccensis
(Gmelin,1788) 		gVUIUCN Seram,Ambon Island,SaparuaandHaruku Island A pink parrot with yellow wings, a red crest, and white eye-spots
Blue-eyed cockatoo C. ophthalmica
Sclater,1864 		gVUIUCN New Britain and New Ireland A white parrot with a crest, a grey beak, and blue eye-spots
Western corella C. pastinator
(Gould,1841) 		LCIUCN Southwest Australian coast A white parrot with a crest, a yellow tail, a grey beak, and blue eye-spots and feet
Little corella C. sanguinea
Gould,1843 		LCIUCN Australia, excluding Cape York Peninsula and west central Australia, and introduced to Tasmania A white parrot with a crest and grey eye-spots
Yellow-crested cockatoo C. sulphurea
(Gmelin,1788) 		CRIUCN Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Introduced to Singapore and Hong Kong
Native range in blue, introduced range in red 		A white parrot with a crest, a black beak and a yellow crest
Long-billed corella C. tenuirostris
(Kuhl,1820) 		LCIUCN New South Wales, excluding the eastern coast A white parrot with a crest and a red mask

New Zealand parrots[edit]

Main article:New Zealand parrot

Family Nestoridae[edit]

Main article:Nestoridae
GenusNestorLesson,1830– three species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
New Zealand kākā N. meridionalis
(Gmelin,1788) 		eENIUCN Scattered populations across New Zealand A light brown-grey parrot with maroon spots on the underside and orange cheeks
Norfolk kākā †N. productus
(Gould,1836) 		aEXIUCN FormerlyNorfolk IslandandPhillip Islanduntil 1851 A brown parrot with orange-and-red cheeks and underside
Kea N. notabilis
Gould,1856 		gVUIUCN Scattered populations across the South Island A green parrot with a light-brown head and a brown-green underside

Family Strigopidae[edit]

Main article:Strigopidae
GenusStrigopsGray,1845– one species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Kākāpō S. habroptilus
Gray,1845 		CRIUCN Codfish Island / Whenua Hou,Anchor Island,andLittle Barrier Island A stocky, green parrot with black spots on the back and a straw-coloured faced

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^OfficiallyPsittacara holochlorus brevipes,a subspecies ofgreen parakeet,by theIUCN
  2. ^OfficiallyPsittacara chloropterus maugei,a subspecies ofHispaniolan parakeet,by theIUCN
  3. ^OfficiallyPsittacara holochlorus strenuus,a subspecies ofgreen parakeet,by theIUCN
  4. ^Thespecies authorityisJohann Baptist von Spix,1824, by theIOC,however theIUCNconsiders it to beWładysław Taczanowski,1883
  5. ^Officially listed asNorthiella haematogaster narethae,a subspecies ofeastern bluebonnet,by theIUCN
  6. ^OfficiallyChalcopsitta cardinalisby theIUCN
  7. ^Synonymous withGlossopsittaaccording to theIUCN
  8. ^OfficiallyGlossopsitta porphyrocephalaby theIUCN
  9. ^OfficiallyGlossopsitta pusillaby theIUCN
  10. ^This parrot is considered a member of the genusPsittaculaby theIOCsince 2007,[29]but as a member of the genusLophopsittacusby theIUCN.[30]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Psittacine".American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 27 August 2007.Retrieved12 August2016.
  2. ^"Psittacine".Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.Merriam-Webster, Inc.Retrieved12 August2016.
  3. ^abcdeJoseph, L.; Toon, A.; Schirtzinger, E. E.; Wright, T. F.; Schodde, R. (2012)."A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)"(PDF).Zootaxa.3205(3205): 26–40.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-12-11.Retrieved2016-08-13.
  4. ^Forshaw, J. M.;Cooper, W. T. (1981).Parrots of the World(2nd ed.). London, England: David & Charles, Newton Abbot.ISBN978-0-7153-7698-0.
  5. ^Cooke, F.; Bruce, J. (2004).The Encyclopedia of Animals: a complete visual guide(1st ed.). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p.296.ISBN978-0-520-24406-1.
  6. ^Heatley, J. J.; Cornejo, J. (2015)."Psittaciformes".In Miller, R. E.; Fowler, M. E. (eds.).Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine.Vol. 8. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. p. 172.ISBN978-1-4557-7397-8.
  7. ^Burtt, E. H.; Schroeder, M. R.; Smith, L. A.; Sroka, J. E.; McGraw, K. J. (2010)."Colourful parrot feathers resist bacterial degradation".Biology Letters.7(2): 214–216.doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0716.PMC3061162.PMID20926430.
  8. ^Forshaw, J. M.; Cooper, W. T. (1978) [1973].Parrots of the World(2nd ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Landsdowne Editions.ISBN978-0-7018-0690-3.
  9. ^abcdeWright, T. F.; Schirtzinger, E. E.; Matsumoto, T.; Eberhard, J. R.; Graves, G. R.; Sanchez, J. J.; Capelli, S.; Muller, H.; Scharpegge, J.; Chambers, G. K.; Fleischer, R. C. (2008)."A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous".Molecular Biology and Evolution.25(10): 2141–2156.doi:10.1093/molbev/msn160.PMC2727385.PMID18653733.
  10. ^abcdde Kloet, R. S.; de Kloet, S. R. (2005). "The evolution of the spindlin gene in birds: Sequence analysis of an intron of the spindlin W and Z gene reveals four major divisions of the Psittaciformes".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.36(3): 706–721.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.013.PMID16099384.
  11. ^abcTokita, M.; Kiyoshi, T.; Armstrong, K. N. (2007). "Evolution of craniofacial novelty in parrots through developmental modularity and heterochrony".Evolution and Development.9(6): 590–601.doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2007.00199.x.PMID17976055.S2CID46659963.
  12. ^Brock, M. K.; White, B. N. (1992)."Application of DNA fingerprinting to the recovery program of the endangered Puerto Rican parrot"(PDF).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.89(23): 11121–11125.Bibcode:1992PNAS...8911121B.doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11121.PMC50501.PMID1454788.
  13. ^Sibley, C. G.; Ahlquist, J. E. (1991).Phylogeny and Classification of Birds.Yale University Press.
  14. ^Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. (2008).Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds.Canberra, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p.200.ISBN978-0-643-06511-6.
  15. ^Livezey, B. C.; Zusi, R. L. (2007)."Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy: II. – Analysis and discussion".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.149(1): 1–94.doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x.PMC2517308.PMID18784798.[dead link]
  16. ^Homberger, D. G. (2006). "Classification and the status of wild populations of parrots". In Luescher AU (ed.).Manual of parrot behavior.Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 3–11.ISBN978-0-8138-2749-0.
  17. ^abWhite, N. E.; Phillips, M. J.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Alfaro-Núñez, A.; Willerslev, E.; Mawson, P. R.; Spencer, P. B. S.; Bunce, M. (2011)."The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.59(3): 615–622.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.011.PMID21419232.
  18. ^Astuti, D. (2004).A phylogeny of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes) inferred from DNA sequences of the seventh intron of nuclearβ-fibrinogen gene(PDF)(Thesis). Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan. pp. 1–3.
  19. ^Adams, M.; Baverstock, P. R.; Saunders, D.A.; Schodde, R.; Smith, G. T. (1984). "Biochemical systematics of the Australian cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuinae)".Australian Journal of Zoology.32(3): 363–377.doi:10.1071/ZO9840363.
  20. ^"Introduction".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Retrieved12 August2016.
  21. ^Schweizer, M.; Seehausen, O.; Güntert, M.; Hertwig, S. T. (2009). "The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.54(3): 984–994.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.021.PMID19699808.S2CID1831016.
  22. ^Joseph, L.; Toon, A.; Schirtzinger, E. E.; Wright, T. F. (2011). "Molecular systematics of two enigmatic generaPsittacellaandPezoporusilluminate the ecological radiation of Australo-Papuan parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) ".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.59(3): 675–684.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.017.PMID21453777.
  23. ^Schweizer, M.; Seehausen, O.; Hertwig, S. T. (2011)."Macroevolutionary patterns in the diversification of parrots: effects of climate change, geological events and key innovations".Journal of Biogeography.38(11): 2176–2194.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02555.x.S2CID85625053.
  24. ^"Platycercus/Barnardius – Rosellas".Avian Web. 2006.Retrieved9 August2016.
  25. ^Forshaw, Joseph M.(2006).Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide.Princeton University Press.ISBN978-0-691-09251-5.
  26. ^Lendon, A. H. (1973).Australian Parrots in Field and Aviary(2nd ed.). Sydney, Australia: Angus and Robertson.ISBN978-0-207-12424-2.
  27. ^Falla, R. A.; Sibson, R. B.; Turbot, E. G. (1966).A Field guide to the birds of New Zealand.London, England: Houghton Mifflin and Company.ISBN978-0-00-212022-7.
  28. ^BirdLife International."Northern RosellaPlatycercus venustus".IUCN Redlist for Birds.Retrieved9 August2016.
  29. ^Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (2016)."Parrots and cockatoos".IOC World Bird List.6.4. International Ornithological Congress.doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.6.4.Retrieved26 December2016.
  30. ^International, B. (2016)."Lophopsittacus bensoni".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T22728844A94998578.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728844A94998578.en.

External links[edit]

  • eBird– Enter the name of a parrot species to find detailed information about their current range as well as sightings across the world
  • IOC World Bird List– A comprehensive list of parrots with up-to-date information on taxonomy, includingsynonymsandauthority
  • Integrated Taxonomic Information System– A list providing taxonomic information on all subordinate taxa of Psittaciformes, including subspecies

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