List of wars involving Iran

This is alist of wars involving the Islamic Republic of Iranand its predecessor states. It is an unfinished historical overview.

Conflict	Iran (and allies)	Opponents	Results	Notes
Median Empire (678–549 BC)
Assyrian invasions of Media(10th – late 7th centuries BC)	Medes	Assyrian Empire	Defeat	Kingdoms and city-states of western Iran became Assyrian vassals
Median invasion of Assyria (the late 7th century BC)	Medes Scythians OtherIranian peoples	Assyrian Empire	Victory	Invasion of the Assyrian Empire by a coalition of Iranian peoples, led byKashtariti of Media End of Assyrian rule in Media Formation of an independent Median kingdom Median invasion of Assyria repelled
Medo-Babylonian invasion Assyria (626–609 BC)	Median Kingdom Babylonia Persians	Assyrian Empire	Victory	Alliance between various people of the region against the Assyrian Empire, led by the Median Kingdom and Babylonia End of theNeo-Assyrian Empire Founding ofNeo-Babylonian Empire
Scythian invasion of Media (624–597 BC)	Median Kingdom	Scythians	Victory	War between two groups of Iranian peoples Conquest of Media by Scythians End of Scythian rule in Media in 597 BC, during reign ofCyaxares
Siege of Harran (609 BC)	Medes Babylonia	Assyria Egypt	Victory	The Assyrian insurgency
Battle of Eclipse (585 BC)	Medes	Kingdom of Lydia	Undecided	The battle ended due to an eclipse.
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Battle of Hyrba (552 BC)	Persians	Medes Empire	Victory
Persian Revolt (552–549 BC)	Persians	Median Empire	Victory	By conquering Media, Iran became an empire.
Battle of the Persian border (551 BC)	Persians	Medes Empire	Victory	Persian retreat to Pasargadae
Conquest of Lydia (547 BC) Siege of Sardis (547 BC)	Persian Empire	LydianEmpire	Victory	Lydia annexed by Iran
Cyrus' first eastern campaign(545–540 BC)	Persian Empire	Gedrosia	Victory	Persian conquest ofBactria,Arachosia,Sogdia,Saka,Chorasmia,Margianaand other provinces in the east after initial defeat
Conquest of Babylonia (540–539 BC)	Persian Empire	Neo-Babylonian Empire	Victory	Neo-Babylonian Empire annexed by Iran
Cyrus' second eastern Campaign(533 BC)	Persian Empire	Gedrosia	Victory	Cyrus the Great crossed the Hindu Kush mountains and collected tribute from the Indus vassalage cities.
Cyrus' Campaign against Massagetae(530/529 BC)	Persian Empire Amyrgians	Scythians Massagetae Derbices Dahae Saka Abiae Indianallies	Defeat	Death of Cyrus the Great
Conquest of Egypt (525 BC)	Persian Empire	Kingdom of Egypt	Victory	Egypt annexed by Iran
Conquest of India (Indus Valley) (518 BC)	Persian Empire	Mahajanapadas Gandhara kingdom Sindhu Sauvira kingdom	Victory	Achaemenid military occupation of northwestern regions of India for about two centuries
European Scythian campaign (513 BC)	Persian Empire	Scythiansin European Scythia	Victory	Achaemenid domination of the EuropeanBlack Searegions
Greek Revolt (499 BC–493 BC)	Persian Empire	Greeks	Victory	Persia re-establishes control over Greek regions in Asia Minor and Cyprus
Greco-Persian War (First) (492–490 BC)	Persian Empire	Greeks	Undecided	Persiaconquers Macedonia and the Cycladic Islands, re-subjugates Thrace,but fails in an attempt to subjugate Athens and Sparta
Greco-Persian War (Second) (480–479 BC)	Persian Empire	Greeks	Defeat	Macedonia,ThraceandIoniaregain independence fromPersia
Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)	Peloponnesian League(led bySparta)Supported by: Achaemenid Empire	Delian League(led byAthens)	Victory	Dissolution of the Delian League; Spartan hegemony over Athens and its allies
Battle of Cunaxa (401 BC)	Persian Empire	Cyrus the Younger	Victory	Artaxerxes IIstill in full control of the kingdom
Corinthian War (395–387 BC)	Athens Argos Corinth Thebes Persian Empire Other allies	Sparta Peloponnesian League	Victory (Peace of Antalcidas dictated by Iran)	Ioniaceded back to Achaemenid Iran;Boeotianleague dissolved; Union ofArgosandCorinthdissolved.
Artaxerxes' II Cadusian Campaign (385 BC)	Persian Empire	Cadusii	Victory	Negotiated peace with rival chiefs
Revolt of the Satraps (372–362 BC)	Persian Empire	Rebel satrapies	Victory	Rebellions crushed
Second conquest of Egypt (c. 340 BC)	Persian Empire	Egypt	Victory	Egypt is conquered for a second time by Iran
Macedonian invasion of Iran (355–328 BC)	Persian Empire	Macedonia	Defeat	Iran conquered by the army ofAlexander the Great
Macedonian Empire(330–312 BC)
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great(327–325 BC)	Macedonia Hellenic League Persian Satraps	Ancient India Pauravas Aśvaka Mallians Guraeans	Victory	Hellenic conquest of great part of theIndus Valley. Iranic confrontation with theNanda EmpireofMagadha.
Wars of the Diadochi (322–281 BC)	First War: Antipatrid dynasty Antigonid dynasty Ptolemaic dynasty Second War: Antigonid dynasty Antipatrid dynasty Ptolemaic dynasty Thrace Third War: Antigonid dynasty Polyperchon	First War: Perdiccas's faction Second War: Polyperchon's faction Epirus Third War: Ptolemaic Egypt Antipatrid Macedonia Thrace Caria	Defeat	Death ofPerdiccas. Seleucusestablished himself inBabylonin 312 BC, then conquest Persia.
Seleucid Empire(312-129 BC)
Babylonian War(311–309 BCE)	Seleucid Empire	Antigonid dynasty	Victory	Seleucidcontrol ofBabylonia,Media,andElam
Seleucid–Mauryan war(305–303 BCE)	Seleucid Empire	Maurya Empire	Defeat	Treaty of the Indus Seleucid Empire's eastern Persian satrapies ceded toMauryan Empire. Seleucusgives the hand of his daughter toChandragupta,founding a dynastic alliance.
Syrian Wars (274–168 BC)	Seleucid Empire	Ptolemaic Egypt	Victory	Seleucid annexation of Ptolemeic holdings inAsia Minor,Coele-Syria,Cyprus,and other Ptolemeic holdings outside of Egypt. Romanintervention against Seleucids and Macedonia during theSixth Syrian War.
Antiouchus' Bactrian Campaign (209–206/5 BC) Battle of the Arius Siege of Bactra	Seleucid Empire	Greco-Bactrian Kingdom	Victory	Antiochus IIIrecognizesEuthydemus's reign
Roman–Seleucid War (192–188 BC)	Seleucid Empire	Roman Republic	Defeat	Peace of Apamea
Campaigns of Artaxias I (189–165 BCE)	Seleucid Empire Atropatene Kingdom of Cataonia Kingdom of Pontus Lesser Armenia Kingdom of Iberia	Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Sophene	Defeat	The regions of Caspiana, Faunitida, Basolropeda, Tmorik, Karenitis, Derksen, Akilisene and Antitaurus are annexed to Armenia.
Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD)
Seleucid–Parthian Wars (238 BC–129 BC)	Parthian Empire	Seleucid Empire	Victory	• Expulsion of the Seleucids from Iran
Parni Conquest Parthia (238 BC)	Parthian Empire	Seleucid Empire	Victory	• Rise of theParthian Empire • The beginning of theSeleucid–Parthian Wars
Parthian–Bactrian War(150 BC)	Parthian Empire	Greco-Bactrian Kingdom	Victory	Western Bactria annexed to the Parthian Empire
Second Parthian-Kushan War (between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE)	Parthian Empire	Kushan Empire	Defeat	Kanishka Irepels the invasion
Battle of Ecbatana (129 BC)	Parthian Empire	Seleucid Empire	Victory	End of Hellenistic rule in Iran
Nomad invasion of Drangiana (128-115 BC)	Parthian Empire	Indo-Scythians Saka Yuezhi	Victory	TheHouse of Surengets theIndo-Parthianterritories.
Parthian invasion of Armenia (120–100 BCE?)	Parthian Empire Atropatene	Kingdom of Armenia	Victory	Parthians add territories
Armenian–Parthian War (87–85 BC)	Parthian Empire	Kingdom of Armenia	Defeat	OsroeneandAtrpatakanloyalty toTigranes the Great
Battle of Carrahe (53 BC)	Parthian Empire	Roman Republic	Victory	• Repelling the danger of the Romans •Crassuskilled • Roman desire to retaliate forJulius Caesar's planned invasion of the Parthian Empire
Liberators' civil war (43–42 BC) Battle of Philippi	Liberatores Supported by: Parthian Empire	Second Triumvirate Supported by: Ptolemaic Egypt	Defeat	The Second Triumvirate wins the Roman Civil War, then reinstates control over the eastern provinces.
Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC (40–38 BC)	Parthian Empire	Roman Republic	Defeat	Status quo ante bellum
Antony's Parthian War (36–20 BC)	Parthian Empire Atropatene Hasmonean Kingdom	Roman Republic Kingdom of Armenia Galatia Cappadocia Pontus Herodian Kingdom of Judea	Victory	• Antony's was unsuccessful in campaign againstIran • Ended by formal peace in 20 BC
Gondopharesconquest on the East (20–10 BC)	Indo-Parthian Kingdom	Indo-Scythians Indo-Greek Kingdom	Victory	Gondophares conquersArachosia,Seistan,Sindh,Punjab,and theKabulvalley.
Pharasmanes I of Iberiainvasion ofArmenia (35 AD)	Parthian Empire Kingdom of Armenia	Kingdom of Iberia	Defeat	Orodes of Armeniais deposed
Kushan invasion of Indo-Parthia (50s AD)	Indo-Parthian Kingdom	Kushan Empire	Defeat	Kushans conquer Indo-Parthian territories in northern India.
Iberian–Armenian War (50–51 AD/51–53 AD)	Kingdom of Armenia Roman Empire(until 51) Kingdom of Armenia Parthian Empire	Kingdom of Iberia Kingdom of Iberia Roman Empire	Victory	TheRoman–Parthian War of 58–63start
Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 (58–63 AD)	Parthian Empire Kingdom of Armenia	Roman Empire Roman clients •Sophene •Lesser Armenia •Iberia •Commagene •Pontus	Stalemate	Treaty of Rhandeia Minor territorial gains for Roman clients Parthians stablish theArsacid dynasty of Armenia
Roman–Parthian Wars (66 AD–216)	Parthian Empire Kingdom of Armenia	Roman Empire Pontus	Status quo ante bellum	Borders changed several times.
Trajan's Parthian campaign (115–117)	Parthian Empire co-belligerant Jewish/Judeanzealots Babyloniansrebels Armenianrebels	Roman Empire Client Parthian state	Stalemate	Rome gains Parthian territories on the East, but evacuates theMesopotamia provinceandRoman Armeniadue to revolts. Osroes Idefeat roman clientParthamaspates
Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 (161–166)	Parthian Empire Pro-Parthian Edessans	Roman Empire Pro-Roman Edessans	Defeat	Minor Roman territorial gains and Armenia consolidated as a Roman client
Battle of Ctesiphon (198)	Parthian Empire	Roman Empire	Defeat	Roman sacks Persian capital
Parthian War of Caracalla (216–217)	Parthian Empire	Roman Empire	Victory	Rome is forced to pay tribute to Parthia
Sassanid Empire (224–651)
Battle of Hormozdgan (224)	Sassanids	Parthian Empire	Victory	• Fall of theParthian Empire • Rise of theSasanian Empire
Sasanid conquest of Sakastan (225–226)	Sassanids	Indo-Parthian Kingdom	Victory	Consolidation of the Sasanian Empire on eastern Persia
Ardashir I invasionof Armenia (226–238)	Sasanian Empire	Kingdom of Armenia	Defeat	Sassanid withdrawal
Mesopotamian campaigns of Ardashir I (229-241) Sassanid campaign of Severus Alexander Siege of Nisibis (235) Fall of Hatra	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire Kingdom of Hatra	Victory	Both sides get territorial gains.
Shapur I campaign on the East (241–242)	Sasanian Empire Indo-Sasanians	WesternKushan Empire Saka Gilaks	Victory	Persia annex territories as far as "Purushapura" (Peshawar) and theHindu-Kushor even south of it. Those includyingSogdiana,Bactria,andGandhara. Kushansare deposed and replaced by theKushanshah
Battle of Resaena (243)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Defeat	Roman recovers Nisibis andSingara
Battle of Misiche (244)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire Goths Germans	Victory	Roman cedes Armenia and Mesopotamia
Roman-Sassanid Wars (232–440) Perso-Roman wars of 337–361	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Status quo ante bellum	Borders changed several times.
Siege of Nisibis (252)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Victory	Persian capture of Nisibis
Battle Of Barbalissos (253)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Victory	Shapur'sarmy won againstValerian'sarmy
Siege of Antioch (253)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Victory
Siege of Dura-Europos (256)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Victory
Battle of Edessa (260)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Victory	Valerianwas captured
Sasanian revolts against Barham II (274-293)	Sasanian Empire	Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom Sakastan Khuzistan	Victory	Revolts suppressed
Shapur ll's Arab Campaign (325)	Sasanian Empire	Arabs Iyad Taghlib Banu Bakr Banu Abdul Qays Banu Tamim Banu Hanzalah	Victory	The Sasanian Empire establishes suzerainty over all of thePersian Gulfand numerous factions inArabia Wall of the Arabswas constructed to prevent raids by the Arabs
Perso-Roman wars of 337–361 (337–361)	Sasanian Empire	Roman Empire	Indecisive	Status quo ante bellum
Wars of Shapur II with the Chionites and Kushans (350–358)	Sasanian Empire Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom	Xionites Kushan Empire	Victory	Expansion of Sasanian control beyond theIndus River
Shapur II's 1st Armenian campaign(359-361)	Sasanian Empire	Kingdom of Armenia Roman Empire	Victory	Death ofArshak II
Kidarites invasions of Bactria (360s)	Sasanian Empire Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom	Kidarites	Defeat	Kidara IconquersBactriaand get the title ofKushanshah
Julian's Persian expedition (363)	Sasanian Empire Arab allies	Roman Empire Kingdom of Armenia	Victory	Sasanian annexation of five regions & fifteen major fortresses from the Roman Empire in addition to the consequent annexation of Armenia
Shapur II's 2nd Armenian campaign(367-371) Battle of Bagavan	Sasanian Empire Caucasian Albania	Roman Empire Kingdom of Armenia	Defeat	Persians deposeArshak II of Armenia.Then Armenia is under Roman suzerainty throughPap of Armeniaentronization.
Shapur III's Armenian Campaign(378-386)	Sasanian Empire	Kingdom of Armenia Eastern Roman Empire	Victory	Peace of Acilisene Roman and Persian partition of Armenia EasternPersarmeniaofKhosrov IV of Armeniais gived to Sassanids Western ArmeniaofArshak IIIis gived to Romans. Both empires agreed to protectCaucasusfrom nomad invasions.
Hunnic invasion of the Sasanian Empire (395)	Sasanian Empire co-belligerant Roman Empire	Hunnic Empire	Victory	Huns quit
Roman–Sasanian War of 421–422 (421–422)	Sasanian Empire Lakhmid Arabs	Eastern Roman Empire	Stalemate	Status quo ante bellum Zoroastrianismis tolerated by Romans andChristianismby Persians. Both empires agreed to fight against south nomads (Arabs).
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 440 (440)	Sasanian Empire	Eastern Roman Empire	Indecisive	Status quo ante bellum Both empires agreed to battle northern nomads (Scythians).
Battle of Avarayr (451)	Sasanian Empire	ChristianArmenians	Victory	Following Persian the victory, Yazdegerd jailed some Armenian priests and nobles and appointed a new governor for Armenia.
Kidarite-Sassanid War (464-466)	Sasanian Empire Alchon Huns	Kidarites	Victory	End of Kidarite menace to Persia in Bactria
Hephthalite–Sasanian Wars (484-565) Hephthalite–Sasanian War of 484 Sukhra's Hephthalite campaign Battle of Gol-Zarriun	Sasanian Empire Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom First Turkic Khaganate	Hephthalite Empire	Victory	The Hephthalite Empire breaks into minor kingdoms. Sasanians and Turks established a frontier for their zones of influence along theOxus river
Byzantine–Sassanid Wars (502–628)	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine Empire	Status quo ante bellum	Borders changed several times.
Anastasian War (502–506)	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine Empire	Draw	Status quo ante bellum •Byzantium pays a small amount of money
Aksumite invasion of Himyar (518–525)	Himyarite Kingdom Jewish Himyarites Supported by: Sasanian Empire	Kingdom of Aksum South Arabian Christians Supported by: •Byzantine Empire	Defeat	Aksumite victory andconquest of Yemen End ofpersecution of Christiansby Jewish Himyarites Byzantines succes in establishing an anti-Sasanidbloc inArabia Felix
Iberian War (526–532)	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine Empire	Victory	*Sasaniansretained Iberia ByzantinesretainedLazica Treaty ofEternal Peace Byzantinespaid tribute of 11,000 lbs (5,000 kg) gold
Lazic War (541–562)	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine Empire	Victory	Fifty-Year Peace Treaty
Ethiopian–Persian Wars (570–578) Sasanian reconquest of Yemen	Sasanian Empire Himyarite Kingdom Supported by: Jewish Himyarites	Kingdom of Aksum Aksum Yemen Supported by: Byzantine Empire South Arabian Christians	Victory	Ethiopians expelled from theHimyarite Kingdom.(Yemen is annexedby the Sasanian Empire)
War for the Caucasus (572–591)	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine Empire	Defeat	•Khosrow IIis restored to the Sasanian throne. •Khosrow IIgives theByzantine Empiremost ofPersian Armeniaand western half ofIberiaafter theSasanian civil war of 589–591 • Byzantium stops paying tribute toSasanian empire
First Perso-Turkic War (588–589)	Sasanian Empire	Hephthalite Empire Göktürks	Victory	The Sassanids capturedBalkh.
Sasanian civil war of 589–591	Sasanian Empire	Supporters ofBahram Chobin Dissatisfied Sasanian nobles supported by: Byzantine Empire	Defeat	Khosrow IIfaction's victory
Vistahm Rebellion (590–596)	Sasanian Empire	Parthiansled byVistahm	Victory	Revolt suppressed
Byzantine–Sassanid War (602–628)	Sasanian Empire Lakhmids Sasanian Iberia Sasanian Egypt Avars(andSlavic allies)	Byzantine Empire Ghassanids Roman Egypt Western Turkic Khaganate	Status quo ante bellum	The Sasanians agree to withdraw from all occupied territories and return the "True Cross". Iranianinvasion of the Byzantine Empire repelled after initial successes in conquering theLevant,Egypt,and much of Anatolia. Beginning of theSasanian civil war of 628–632 Exhaustion of both empires, leaving them vulnerable to theearly Muslim conquestsof theRashidun Caliphate.
Second Perso-Turkic War (606–608)	Sasanian Empire	Western Turkic Khaganate Hephthalite Empire	Victory	Turkic invasion of Iran repelled
Jewish revolt against Heraclius(614–617/625)	Jewishrebels Sasanian Empire	Byzantine Empire	Status quo ante bellum	Jewish surrender and expulsion after abrief ruleby Persians and Jews over parts of the ByzantineDiocese of the East.
Third Perso-Turkic War (627–629)	Sasanian Empire Principality of Iberia Supported by: Eastern Turkic Khaganate	Western Turkic Khaganate Supported by: •Byzantine Empire •Tang China	Defeat	Byzantine control ofGeorgia
Sasanian civil war of 628–632	TheParsigfaction TheNimruzifaction	The Pahlav (Parthian) faction Shahrbaraz'sarmy	Stalemate	Yazdegerd IIIis recognized as king of Iran. Weakening of theSasanian Empire The governors of the provinces ofMazunandYemengain independence (disintegration of Sasanian rule in theArabian peninsula).
Muslim conquest of Persia (633–654) Arab conquest of Mesopotamia Muslim conquest of Khuzestan Arab conquest of Fars Muslim conquest of Khorasan Muslim conquest of Sistan Muslim conquest of northern Persia Muslim conquest of Kerman Part ofEarly Muslim conquests	Sasanian Empire Caucasian Albania Sasanian Armenia Arab Christians Supported by: Byzantine Empire Principality of Iberia Hephthalites	Rashidun Caliphate Kanarang	Defeat	Fall of the Sassanid Empire Iran is added to the Caliphate ThenMuslim conquests of Afghanistan,Muslim conquest of Azerbaijan,Muslim conquest of ArmeniaandArab–Khazar wars
Sasanids attempts to recuperate the Persian throne (657–679)	Tang China Protectorate General to Pacify the West Sassanids in exile	Rashidun Caliphate(until 661) Umayyad Caliphate(from 661) •Western Turkic Khaganate	Stalemate	TheTang campaigns against the Western Turks(byPei Xingjian) success and the Chinese established a "Persian military commandery" ( ba tư đô đốc phủ ) in the city ofZābol( tật lăng thànhJilicheng) inTokharistan,andPerozwas appointed as Military Commander ( đô đốcDudu). Then this government, with the capital at Zirang, fell in 673/674. After that,Narsiehwent west with his troops to liberate Iranshahr in 679 and fought against the Arabs in Takharistan for almost thirty years.
Iranian Intermezzo(821–1090)
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana (673–751) Battle of Talas	Abbasid Caliphate Tibetan Empire Karlukmercenaries	Principalities ofTokharistan Sogdianprincipalities Khwarazm Fergana Türgesh Kaghanate Second Turkic Khaganate Tang China	Victory	IslamizationofTransoxiana End of Chinese dominance and influence in Transoxiana
Second Fitna(Muslim civil warof 680–692)	Zubayrid Caliphate Alids Kharijites	Umayyad Caliphate	Defeat	Kharijite faction, theAzariqa,captures Fars and Kirman from the Zubayrids. Ex-Zubayrid loyalists help Umayyad to secured Iraq, and consequently most of its dependencies in Persia. Then,Umayyadvictory afterSiege of Mecca.
Umayyad campaigns in India (712–740) part ofMuslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent	Umayyad Caliphate	Gurjara-Pratihara Guhila dynasty Maitraka dynasty Chalukya dynasty Karkota Empire	Defeat	Arab, and later Turco-Persian Muslim invasions to India, stop for the next 250 years. Islamization of modernPakistan.
Third Fitna (744–750) Abbasid Revolution	Abbasid Caliphate Supported by: SomeArabs Alids/Shia Muslims(mostly Persians) Mawali Kharijites	Umayyad Caliphate Supported by: Qays	Victory	Abbasid appropriation of most former Umayyad territory Eventual establishment of theEmirate of Córdoba End of privileged status for Arabs End of official discrimination against non-Arabs
Tabaristan uprising (784–804)	Karenids Bavandids Baduspanids Zarmihrids	Abbasid Caliphate Supported: Barmakids	Stalemate	Arabs finally conquerTabaristan,but the locals obtain more authonomy after revolt.
Abbasid expeditions to East Africa (804, 827/837)	1st phase Abbasid Caliphate 2nd phase PersianswālīsofZanj	1st phase Africans fromZanj Mogadishu Kilwa 2nd phase Abbasid Caliphate	Victory	TheKharajis imposed on the Africans. Persian rebels againstMihnaget a compromise.
Fourth Fitna(Abbasid civil war of 811–813/819)	Al-Ma'mun(supported mostly by Persian forces) Tahir ibn Husayn	Al-Amin(supported mostly by Arab forces) Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan	Victory	Defeat and death ofal-Amin;al-Ma'munis recognized asCaliphon 27 September 813.Tahir ibn Husaynrewarded as governor ofKhorasan,which marked the beginning of theTahirids.
Hamza ibn Azarak'sKharijitesrebellion inSistan (823–828)	Tahirid dynasty Abbasid Caliphate	Kharijites	Inconclusive	Hamza's death in 828 and the death ofTalhashortly after put an end to this series of conflicts.
Mazyaruprising (839)	Tahirid dynasty Abbasid Caliphate	SpahbedMazyarand Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin's forces	Victory	Mutasim Maziar was arrested and sent to Baghdad. Tahirid control overTabaristanwas therefore secured.
Zaydidrevolt of 864	Tahirid dynasty	Hasan ibn Zayd's forces	Defeat	Hasan, who assumed theregnal nameal-Da‘ī ila’l-ḥaqq( "He who summons to the Truth" ), was recognized asemirofTabaristan.
Caspian expeditions of the Rus' (864–1041)	Abbasid Caliphate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Samanid Empire Shirvanshah Buyid dynasty Sallarid dynasty •Khazars(from 965) Burtas Alans •Byzantine Empire(941) Sarir Volga Bulgaria	Kievan Rus' Oghuz Turks Pechenegs •Khazars(until 943)	Stalemate	Occupation of several areas on the outskirts of the Volga and the Dnieper by theRussians.Start ofRussian expansionismon the Caucasus. The disintegration of theKhazar Empire Sack of different areas by the Russians in Iranian territories nearCaspian Sea The local Muslims defeated the Russians in their attempts to conquest Persian territories.
Samanid conquest of northern Iran (900–901) Battle of Gorgan (900)	Samanid Empire Abbasid Caliphate	Zaydids	Victory	Samanids took over the province of Tabaristan, Ismail then appointed his cousin Abu'l-Abbas Abdullah as the governor of Tabaristan.
Sajid invasion of Georgia (914)	Sajid dynasty	Tao-Klarjeti Kingdom of Kakheti Kingdom of Abkhazia	Stalemate	Despite military victories, sajid withdraw from Georgia
Qarmatian invasion of Iraq(927–928)	Abbasid Caliphate Sajid dynasty	QarmatiansofBahrayn Baqliyyarebels	Stalemate	End of Qarmatian expansionism Collapse of the Abbasid Empire
Battle of Iskhabad (940) Part of theSamanid–Ziyarid Wars	Ziyarid dynasty Firuzanids	Samanid Empire	Defeat	Samanid conquest of the territory
Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
Yaqub's campaigns to the east(861–870) part ofMuslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent	Saffarid dynasty Abbasid Caliphate	Zunbils Kharijites Medieval India Hindu Shahis Buddhisttribal chiefs	Victory	Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffarmarched throughBost,Kandahar,Ghazni,Kabul,Bamyan,BalkhandHerat,conquering them in the name of Islam.
Saffarid-Abbasid War(873–876) Battle of Dayr al-Aqul Part ofAbbasiddecline (861–940)	Saffarid dynasty Ayyars	Abbasid Caliphate Tahirid dynasty Zaydid	Stalemate	In 873,Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffarousted theTahiridsfrom their own capital of Nishapur, and captured its rulerMuhammad ibn Tahir,which led to conflicts with the Abbasid caliphate. Saffaridconquest ofKhorasanto their own empire in easternPersia. Saffarid invasion to Iraq, then withdrew of Bagdad in 876.
Battle of Mecca (883) Part ofAbbasiddecline (861–940)	Saffarid dynasty Abbasid Caliphate	Tulunids	Victory
Battle of Balkh (900)	Saffarid Amirate	Samanid Empire	Defeat	TheSaffaridslose much territory to theSamanidsin Khorasan, and were left with the control of Fars, Kerman and Sistan, but they also lost these provinces after a civil war.
Saffarid Campaign in theFars province (900–904)	Saffarid Amirate	Abbasid Caliphate	Victory	Temporarily regained Fars, but the Saffarids withdrew soon afterwards.
Military expedition againstMakran (907 or 908)	Saffarid Amirate	Ma'danids	Victory	Saffarids able to compel the Ma'danid to give three years of tribute.
Civil war betweenTahirand the pretenderAl-Layth(909–912)	Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr	Al-Layth	Stalemate	Sebük-eri, who had managed to win over Tahir's commanders, won an easy victory and captured the brothers. They were sent to the Caliph and imprisoned inBaghdad,though they were treated well for the remainder of their lives.
Buyid-Saffarid War(967–968)	Saffarid dynasty	Buyid dynasty	Defeat	Adud al-Dawla negotiated peace with theSaffaridrulerKhalaf ibn Ahmad,who agreed to recognize Buyid authority.
Ghaznavid dynasty (962–1186)
March of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni to India(1001–1027) Battle of Chach part ofMuslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent	Ghaznavid Empire	Medieval India Hindu Shahis	Victory	The northern parts of India were annexed by Iran.Somnath templewas destroyed and its treasures looted.
Ghaznavid campaigns in India (10th and 11th centuries) March of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni to India Sack of Somnath Ghaznavid invasion of Kannauj part ofMuslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent	Ghaznavid Empire	Medieval India Hindu Shahis Rajput confederacy Jatts Chandelas Kachchhapaghata dynasty Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty Lodi dynasty of Multan Tomara dynasty	Victory	The northern parts of India were annexed by Iran. Somnath templewas destroyed and its treasures looted. LaterIslamic empireswould appear on the subcontinent.
Seljuq Empire (1037–1194)
Seljuk-Ghaznavid Wars Battle of Nisa (1035) Battle of Nishapur (1038) Battle of Sarakhs (1038) Battle of Dandanqan(1040) Battle of Dandanaqan(1040)	Seljuk Empire	Ghaznavid Empire	Victory	• Fall of the Ghaznavid Empire • Rise of the Seljuk Empire
Siege of Hamadan (1047)	Seljuk Empire	Kakuyids Annazids Buyids	Victory	HamedanandIsfahanare conquered by Seljuk empire.
Georgian–Seljuk wars (1048–1213)	Seljuk Empire	Kingdom of Georgia Zakarid Armenia	Defeat	Initial victory on theGreat Turkish Invasion.Then Georgia liberates from being tributary of Seljuk and even invades Iran.
Byzantine–Seljuq wars (1048–1308)	Seljuk Empire	Byzantine Empire Empire of Trebizond Crusader states	Victory	Most of Anatolia conquered by the Seljuks
Overthrow of the Qarmatians (1058–1077)	Seljuk Empire Uyunid Emirate Abbasid Caliphate	Qarmatians	Victory	End ofQarmatianrule in eastern Arabia
Seljukwar of succession (1063) Battle of Damghan (1063)	Alp Arslanforces	Qutalmishforces	Victory	Alp Arslan obtains the throne.
Battle of Manzikert (1071)	Seljuk Empire	Byzantine Empire	Victory	Seljuks enterAnatolia.
Seljuk Civil War Battle of Kerj Abu Dulaf(1073)	Seljuk Empire Malik-Shah Iforces	Kerman Seljuk Sultanate Qavurtand his son forces	Victory	Malik Shah maintains the throne
Battle of Ain Salm (1086)	Seljuk Empire	Sultanate of Rûm	Victory	death ofSuleiman ibn Qutalmish
Nizari–Seljuk conflicts (1090–1194)	Seljuk Empire Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate(succeeded by theAyyubid Sultanate) Crusader states	(Nizari) Ismailisof Persia and Syria	Stalemate	Nizaris consolidate a state inDaylam,Quhistan,andJabal Bahra',then controls other scattered areas inAlborzmountains,Zagrosmountains, andKhurasan.
First Crusade (1095–1099)	Muslims: Seljuk Empire Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate	Crusaders Kingdom of France Byzantine Empire Armenian Cilicia County of Flanders Papal States Republic of Genoa Holy Roman Empire County of Sicily Duchy of Apulia and Calabria	Defeat	The Crusade assists incapturing Nicaea,restoring much of western Anatolia to theByzantine Empire The Crusaders successfullycapture Jerusalemand establish theCrusader states
Siege of Mosul (1096)	Seljuk Empire	Uqaylid dynasty	Victory	Seljuks conquers the territory of the Uqaylid State
Battle of Ghazni (1117)	Seljuk Empire	Ghaznavid Empire	Victory	Bahram of Ghaznasucceeded to the throne as the Seljuk's vassal
First Siege of Baghdad(1136)	Seljuk Empire	Abbasid Caliphate	Victory	al-Rashid fled the city forMosul,where he abdicated the caliphate. His uncle,al-Muqtafi,was raised to the throne instead by Mas'ud, who then retired to the east.
Battle of Qatwan (1141)	Seljuk Empire Kara-Khanids Kakuyids	Qara Khitai(WesternLiao) Karluks	Defeat	Khwarazmbecame a vassal state of the Kara-Khitan.
Second Crusade (1147–1150)	Muslim: Seljuk Empire Sultanate of Rum Emirate of Zengids Emirate of Damascus Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Nizari Ismaili statein Syria (theAssassins)	Crusaders Jerusalem Tripoli Antioch Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Byzantine Empire Kingdom of England Kingdom of Sicily Papal States Western front (Reconquista) Kingdom of Portugal County of Barcelona León-Castile Kingdom of France Republic of Genoa Republic of Pisa Wendish Crusade Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Jutland-Kingdom of Denmark Zealand/Scania-Kingdom of Denmark Kingdom of Poland	Victory	Lisboncaptured by the Portuguese,TarragonaandTortosacaptured by the Catalans WagriaandPolabiacaptured by the Saxon Crusaders
Second Siege of Baghdad(1157)	Seljuk Empire	Abbasid Caliphate	Defeat	Caliphal-Muqtafisuccessfully defended his capital against the coalition armies of Seljuq SultanMuhammad of Hamadanand Qutb ad-Din of Mosul.
Ghurid dynasty (879–1215)
Battle of Ghazni (1148)	Ghurid dynasty	Ghaznavids	Victory	The Ghurid ruler defeated Bahram-Shah and took the city while Bahram-Shah fled toIndia.
Battle of Ghazni (1151)	Ghurid dynasty	Ghaznavids	Victory	The Ghurid ruler defeated Bahram-Shah, captured the city, and destroyed it as revenge for the execution of his brother Quṭb ud-Dīn in 1149.
Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor (1175–1206) First Battle of Tarain Second Battle of Tarain Battle of Chandawar Siege of Bayana Siege of Gwalior (1196) Battle of Kasahrada (1197) Ghurid invasion of Bengal Battle of Jhelum (1206) Siege of Kalinjar	Ghurid dynasty	Rajput confederacy Chahamanas of Shakambhari Gahadavala dynasty Sena dynasty Soomra dynasty Ghaznavids Qarmatians Tibetan tribes	Victory	Muhammad of Ghorseizes much of northern India. Fundation ofDelhi Sultanate IslamizationofBangladesh
Battle of Andkhud (1204)	Ghurid dynasty	Khwarazmian Empire Qara Khitai Kara-Khanid Khanate	Defeat	Ghurids lost suzerainty ofKhurasanto theKhwarezmian Empire
Ghurid invasion of Tibet (1206)	Ghurid dynasty	Tibetan people(Era of Fragmentation)	Defeat	Tibetan indepencen seizured Death ofMuhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
Khwarazmian dynasty (1077–1231)
Mongol invasion of Persia(1218–1256) Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia Mongol campaign against the Nizaris part ofMongol invasion of Central Asiaand theMongol invasions of India	Khwarazmian dynasty Nizari Ismaili state Abbasid Caliphate	Mongol Empire	Defeat	Khwarezmia domains added to the Mongol Empire Jalal al-Din Mangburniresists in exile until 1231 in India and the Caucasus. Mongol invasions of GeorgiaandMongol invasions of Anatoliabegin.
Georgian-Khwarazmid war(1225–1228) Battle of Garni Siege of Tbilisi (1226) Battle of Bolnisi	Khwarazmian dynasty Principality ofMaragheh	Kingdom of Georgia Kipchaks Alans Vainakhs Leks	Victory	Khwarezmian last domains added the Georgian domains
Seljuk-Khwarazmid war (1230) Battle of Yassıçemen	Khwarezm Shahs Seljukrebels Empire of Trebizond	Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm Ayyubid Sultanate	Defeat	Khwarezmian last domains partitioned between Seljuks and Mongols
Siege of Jerusalem (1244)	Ayyubid Sultanate Khwarazmians	Kingdom of Jerusalem	Victory	Muslim capture of Jerusalen
Ilkhanid dinasty (1256–1335)
Mongol invasions of Anatolia(1241–1335) Part ofMongol invasion of West Asia	Mongol Empire Ilkhanate Principality of Khachen	Sultanate of Rum Anatolian Beyliks	Victory	Mongols adds the Anatolian domains to Persian-centeredIlkhanate.
Siege of Baghdad (1258)	Mongol Empire Ilkhanate Georgia Armenian Cilicia Principality of Antioch	Abbasid Caliphate	Victory	Abbasid territories added to Persian centeredIlkhanateand starts theMongol invasions of the Levant End of theIslamic Golden Age
Toluid Civil War (1260–1264)	Kublai Khanand his allies	Ariq Bökeand his allies	Victory	Fragmentation of the Mongol Empire
Berke–Hulagu war (1262)	Ilkhanate Supported by: Byzantine Empire	Golden Horde Supported by: Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate	Inconclusive	Fragmentation of the Mongol Empire
Kaidu–Kublai war (1268–1301)	Yuan dynasty Ilkhanate(ally of Kublai)	Chagatai Khanate House of Ögedei Golden Horde(ally of Kaidu until 1284)	Inconclusive	Fragmentation of the Mongol Empire
Mongol invasions of the Levant(1260–1323) Mongol raids into Palestine Part of theCrusades(Lord Edward's crusadeandCrusade of the Infants of Aragon)	Ilkhanateof theMongol Empire Cilician Armenia Kingdom of Georgia Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Antioch-Tripoli Yuan Empire Golden Hordeof theMongol Empire(1259–1264) Kingdom of Jerusalem Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller	Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate Ayyubidremnants Nizari Ismailisof Syria Golden Hordeof theMongol Empire(after 1264) Karamanidrebels Abbasids	Defeat	Mongols fail to conquerEgyptor get a formalFranco-Mongol alliance.
Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war (1314–1318)	Yuan dynasty Ilkhanate	Chagatai Khanate	Victory	Fragmentation of the Mongol Empire
Timurid dynasty (1370–1507)
Campaigns of Timur (1380–1402)	Timurid dynasty	Muzaffarids Jalayirid Sultanate Tughlaq dynasty Golden Horde Kingdom of Georgia Delhi Sultanate Ottoman Empire Knights Hospitaller	Victory	Rise of theTimurid Empirein Iran TheDelhi Sultanatebecame a Timurid vassal. Outbreak of theOttoman Civil War
Battle of Algami Canal (1402) Part of Timurid Invasion of Iraq	Timurid dynasty	Qara Qoyunlu	Victory	SultanAhmed JalayirandQara Yusufboth escaped Iraq again and fled towards Egypt
Timurid Civil Wars (1405–~1501)	Various factions	Various factions	Collapse of the dynasty	Rise of theShi'iteSafavid dynasty
Battle of Nakhchivan (1406) Part of Timurid Invasion of Azerbaijan	Timurid dynasty	Qara Qoyunlu	Defeat	Invasion repelled
Safavid dynasty (1501–1736)
Persian-Uzbek Wars (1502–1510) Safavid conquest of Shirvan Battle of Marv	Safavid Empire	Uzbeks	Victory	Fall of the Shaybanid Empire
Turkoman invasions of Georgia	Kingdom of Georgia Shirvanshah Safavid Empire(1502)	Kara Koyunlu(1407–1468) Aq Qoyunlu(1468–1502)	Victory	End of invasions against Georgia and consolidation of Safavids in Persia
Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids (1506–1510)	Safavid Empire	Yazidis	Victory	Uprising suppressed when the Yazidi leader,Shir Sarim,was defeated in the battle
Portuguese–Safavid wars(1507–1625)	Safavid Empire Imamate of Oman Supported by: British East India Company	Portuguese Empire Kingdom of Ormus Supported by: Spanish Empire(since 1580)	Victory	The Iranian military sought to punish the Portuguese in the Persian Gulf for the Iranians' grievances of Gambron, not only liberating the island of Hormuz but also forcing the Portuguese to withdraw to Mombasa in Kenya. Britain recognized Iran's sovereignty over the entire Persian Gulf.
Battle of Chaldiran (1514)	Safavid Empire	Ottoman Empire	Defeat	End of Shia uprisings in the Ottoman Empire
Ismail I invasion of Georgia (1516–1522) Battle of Teleti	Safavid Empire Samtskhe-Saatabagorebels	Kingdom of Georgia Samtskhe-Saatabago	Stalemate	Initial Persian victories, putting vassal governors in Georgia. Then withdrawal after Ottoman intervention
Battle of Jam(1528)	Safavid Empire	Uzbeks	Victory	Safavids Empiredefeated Uzbeks and reconquered Herat.
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1523 (1532–1555), Part ofFrench–Habsburg rivalry	Safavid Empire Supported by: Habsburg monarchy	Ottoman Empire Supported by: France	Defeat	Ottomans captured LowerMesopotamiaandBaghdad.First partition of theCaucasusbetween the Ottomans and Persians.Western Armeniaand westernGeorgiafalls in Ottoman hands,Eastern Armenia,easternGeorgia,Dagestanand the contemporaryRepublic of Azerbaijanremain in Persian hands
Georgian-Safavid wars (1556–1659) Battle of Garisi Battle of Digomi Battle of Tsitsamuri Battle of Aghaiani Battle of Martqopi Battle of Marabda Bakhtrioni uprising	Safavid Empire	Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti	Stalemate	Persians subdue Georgian kingdoms as vassals of Safavids, but Georgians got restoration of its autonomy
Uzbek invasion of Khorasan (1578)	Safavid Empire	Shaybanids	Victory	Uzbeks withdrew from northeastern Iran and Persians refused to pay them tribute.
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578 (1578–1590)	Safavid Empire Kingdom of Kartli	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate	Defeat	Treaty of Constantinople (1590)
Battle of Herat (1598)	Safavid Empire	Shaybanids	Victory	Khorasan returned to Persians
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603(First Stage) (1603–1612)	Safavid Empire	Ottoman Empire	Victory	Treaty of Nasuh Pasha(1612)
Siege of Dimdim (1609–1610)	Safavid Empire	Emirate of Bradost	Victory	Uprising suppressed
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603(Second Stage) (1612–1618)	Safavid Empire	Ottoman Empire	Victory	Treaty of Serav(1618)
Capture of Ormuz (1622)	Safavid Empire British East India Company	Iberian Union Portuguese Empire Kingdom of Hormuz	Victory	Ormuz annexed toPersia
Mughal–Safavid War of 1622 (1622–1623)	Safavid Empire	Mughal Empire	Victory	Kandaharfalls to Persia
Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623 (1623–1639)	Safavid Empire	Ottoman Empire	Defeat	Permanent partition of theCaucasus;westernGeorgiaandWestern Armeniago to the Ottomans, whileEastern Armenia,Dagestan,eastern and southern Georgia, andAzerbaijanremain under Persian rule. Ottomans decisively gain control ofMesopotamia.
Battle off Hormuz (1625) part ofDutch–Portuguese War	English East India Company Dutch East India Company Supported by: Safavid Persia	Portuguese Empire Estado da Índia	Draw	End of Portuguese influence on thePersian Gulf
Capture of Julfar (1633) part of the Omani–Portuguese conflicts	Safavid Empire Portuguese Empire	Omani Empire	Defeat	Omanis captured the two forts onRas Al Khaimah.
Mughal–Safavid war of 1649 (1649–1653)	Safavid Empire •Khanate of Bukhara	Mughal Empire Jaipur State	Victory	Persia recapturedKandahar
Russo-Persian War of 1651 (1651–1653)	Safavid Empire	Russia	Victory	Russian fortress on the Iranian side of theTerek Riverdestroyed, and its garrison expelled
Bakhtrioni uprising (1659)	Safavid Empire Turcomantribes	Kingdom of Kakhetiaided byTushetians,Pshavs,Khevsurs	Inconclusive	Kakheti remained under Persian rule
1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain (1717)	Safavid Empire	Omani Empire Al Bin Alimercenaries	Defeat	Persian loss ofBahrain
Sack of Shamakhi (1721)	Safavid Empire	RebelliousSunniLezgins	Defeat	The Shia population is massacred and the city, ransacked
Russo-Persian War of 1722 (1722–1723)	Safavid Empire	Russian Empire Cossack Hetmanate Kingdom of Kartli Melikdoms of KarabakhandArmenianrebels	Defeat	Russians captureDerbent,Baku,and the provinces ofShirvan,Gilan,Mazandaran,andAstrabadfor about a decade. Partition of Iran with the Ottomans inTreaty of Constantinople (1724).
Siege of Isfahan (1722)	Safavid Empire	Hotaki dynasty	Defeat (Regime change)	Afghancontrol of most of Iran
Hotaki dynasty (1722–1729)
Ottoman–Hotaki War1724–1727	Hotaki dynasty	Ottoman Empire	Victory	Treaty of Hamedan Ottoman recognition ofAshraf HotakasShah of Persia Ottoman sovereignty over all the western and northwestern parts of Iran (including most ofTabriz,Hamadan,Kermanshah,Lorestanand most of the southernCaucasus)
Return of Safavids(Nader) (1726–1729) Khorasan campaign of Nader Shah Herat campaign of 1729 Liberation of Isfahan	Hotaki dynasty Sadozai Sultanate of Herat Supported by: Ottoman Empire	Safavid Dinasty	Defeat (Regime change)	End of theHotaki dynasty
Battle of Zarghan (1730)	Safavid Empire	Hotaki dynasty	Victory	Afghans expelled from Iran (Persia)
Herat campaign of 1731 (1731)	Safavid Empire Afghanloyalists	Sadozai Sultanate of Herat Hotaki dynasty	Victory	Fall of Sadozai Sultanate of Herat
Ottoman-Safavid war of 1730(Nader)(1730–1735) Western Persia campaign of 1730 Tahmasp's campaign of 1731 Nader Shah's Mesopotamian campaign Caucasus Campaign (1735)	Safavid Empire •Erivan Khanate	Ottoman Empire •Crimean Khanate Lezgins	Victory	Persian (Nader) reconquest of the entireCaucasus •Treaty of Constantinople
Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)
Nader Siege of Kandahar(1737–1738)	Afsharid dynasty	Hotaki dynasty	Victory	End of the Hotaki dynasty
Nader conquest of the Persian Gulf(1738–1747)	Afsharid dynasty	Omani Empire Sultanate of Muscat Imamate of Oman Pirates	Victory	The Persian empire becomes the arbiter of the Persian Gulf until the collapse of the empire.
Nader invasion of India (1738–1739)	Afsharid dynasty	Mughal Empire	Victory	Persian plundering of India
Nader Conquest of Central Asia(1738–1740)	Afsharid dynasty	Khanate of Bukhara Khanate of Khiva	Victory	Conquest of the Central Asian khanates
Nader invasion of Daghestan (1741–1745)	Afsharid dynasty	Lezgins Avar Khanate Mekhtuly Khanate Gazikumukh Khanate Elisu Sultanate Shaki Khanate	Victory	The Persian Empire annexes almost all of Dagestan.
Afsharid–Ottoman War War of 1743 (1743–1746)	Afsharid dynasty	Ottoman Empire	Stalemate	Treaty of Kerden,Status quo ante bellum
Civil War between Afsharid and Qajar (1747–1796)	Afsharid dynasty	Qajar dynasty	Regime change	Mohammad Khan Qajarbecame theShahof Iran.
Durrani Campaign to Khorasan (1754–55)	Afsharids Qara Bayat Amirdom Qajar dynasty Khozeimeh Amirdom	Durrani Empire Khanate of Kalat	Defeat	Afghan dominance in the region
Zand dynasty (1751–1779)
Campaign against Azad Khan (1754–1762)	Zand dynasty	Azad Khan Afghan	Victory	Azad Khan's surrender
Bajalan uprising (1755)	Zand dynasty	Bajalan Tribe (Kurds)Bajalan Tribe)	Victory	Uprising uppressed
Ottoman-Persian War of 1775 (1755–1776)	Zand dynasty	Ottoman Empire	Victory	Persia capturesBasra.
Persian-Dutch War(1765)	Zand dynasty	Dutch colonial empire Dutch East India Company	Victory	Kharg Islandreconquered by Persia and destruction ofFort Mosselstein
Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain (1782–1783)	Persia Bushehr	Sheikhdom of Kuwait Zubarah	Defeat	Al KhalifaannexesBahraininto its sheikhdom.
Siege of Kerman (1794)	Zand dynasty	Qajar Dynasty	Defeat	Qajars conquer and sackKerman.
Qajar dynasty (1785–1925)
Battle of Krtsanisi (1795)	Qajar Iran	Kartli-Kakheti Imereti	Victory	Tbilisicaptured and sacked by Iranians. Persian reconquest of theCaucasusandGeorgia.
Persian Expedition (1796)	Qajar Iran	Russian Empire	Victory	Tactical Russian victory Strategic Persian victory Russian withdrawal after the death ofCatherine II
Russo-Persian War of 1804 (1804–1813), Part ofNapoleonic WarsandRussian conquest of the Caucasus	Qajar Iran Supported by: French Empire Ottoman Empire	Russian EmpireSupported by: British Empire	Defeat	Treaty of Gulistan.Iran irrevocably cedes most of itsCaucasusterritories (Dagestan,Georgia,and most of theAzerbaijan Republic) to Russia.
Battle of Kafir Qala (1818) Part ofHerati-Qajar Wars	Qajar Iran	Durrani Empire	Inconclusive	Both armies retreated
Ottoman–Persian War of 1821 (1821–1823)	Qajar Iran	Ottoman Empire	Victory	Treaty of Erzurum,status quo ante bellum
Russo-Persian War of 1826 (1826–1828)	Qajar Iran	Russian Empire	Defeat	Treaty of Turkmenchay.Iran irrevocably cedes its last Caucasus territories comprising parts of the contemporary nation of Azerbaijan that were not ceded in 1813, as well as all of what is the currentRepublic of Armenia.
Siege of Herat (1837–1838) Part ofGreat Game	Qajar Iran Supported by: Russian Empire Principality of Qandahar	Emirate of Herat East India Company Supported by: British Empire Aimaq tribesmen Maimana Khanate Andkhui Khanate Sheberghan Khanate Sar-i Pul Khanate Bukhara Emirate Khiva Khanate	Defeat	Successful Persian siege atHerat;breach eventually repelled; temporary British occupation ofKharg Island;Persian withdrawal fromHerat
Battle of Fort Tabarsi (1848–1849)	Qajar Iran	Bábís	Victory	Successful repression
Siege of Herat (1856)	Qajar Iran	Emirate of Herat Supported by: United Kingdom Afghanistan	Victory	Successful siege ofHerat;continued occupation until Persia's compliance with theTreaty of Paris;installment of Sultan Ahmad Khan as puppet ruler of Herat
Anglo-Persian War (1856–1857)	Qajar Iran	United Kingdom East India Company Afghanistan	Defeat	Persian force occupies and later withdraws fromHerat.
Uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah (1879–1880)	Ottoman Empire Qajar Iran Supported by: Austria-Hungary Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia	Kurdish tribes	Victory	Successful repression
Persian Constitutional Revolution(1905–1911)	Qajar Iran Shahrbani Shahsevan Supported by: Russian Empire Persian Cossack Brigade	Iranian constitutionalists Supported by: Ottoman Empire Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Iran	Stalemate	Constitutional monarchyandParliament Persian Constitution of 1906 Triumph of Tehran Russian occupation of northern Iran until 1917
Revolt of Salar-al-Daulah (1911–1913)	Qajar Iran	Forces of Salar-al-Daulah	Victory	Rebellion suppressed
Swedish intervention in Persia (1911–1916) Shiraz expedition	Qajar Iran Sweden	Anti-Qajar insurgents	Victory	Anti-Qajar rebellions are suppressed. The Swedish government quits on 1916 due to its neutrality onWorld War I.However, Swedes volunteers continued to serve in thePersian Gendarmerieuntil 1921.
Persian Campaign (1914–1918) Part ofWorld War I	Qajar Iran Qashqai tribesmen Tangistani tribesmen Laristani tribesmen Jungle Movement	Russian Empire Armenian volunteer units British Empire British Raj Assyrian volunteers Ottoman Empire Shekak tribesmen German Empire	Stalemate	Occupation of IranbyAnglo-RussianandOttomantroops Ottoman withdrawal after signing ofArmistice of Mudros Persian famine of 1917–1919
Jungle Movement insurrection on Gilan(1915–1921) Part of theRussian Revolutionand theRussian Civil War	Qajar Iran Persian Cossack Brigade Russian Empire(1915–1917) White movement(since 1920) British Empire	Jungle revolutionaries Persian Socialist Soviet Republic Supported by: Soviet Russia(since 1920) Soviet Caspian Flotilla	Victory	Revolt suppressed Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreementforces the retreat ofBolsheviksfrom northern Iran.
Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)	QajarandPahlavi Iran	Irregular Kurdish militias	Victory	Revolt suppressed
Mohammad Khiabani's uprising(1920)	Qajar Iran Persian Cossack Brigade	Mohammad Khiabani's forces Azerbaijan rebels	Victory	Revolt suppressed
Pessian's revolt (1921)	Qajar Iran Irregular Kurdish militias Persian Cossack Brigade	Autonomous Government of Khorasan KhansofKhorasan	Victory	Revolt suppressed after the death ofMohammad Taqi Pessian
1921 Persian coup d'état(1921)	Qajar Iran	Persian Cossack Brigade Supported by: United Kingdom	Defeat	Power takeover bySayyed Ziaoddin Tabatabaee Suppression ofColonel Pessian's revolt and dissolution of theAutonomous Government of Khorasan Dissolution of theRepublic of Gilan ContinuingconflictwithSimko Shikakuntil 1922 Deterioration of Persian control overSheikh Khazal'sEmirate of Muhammarauntil 1925
Sheikh Khazal rebellion(1924)	QajarandPahlavi Iran	Sheikhdom of Mohammerah Bakhtiari tribesmen Arab separatists Supported by: United Kingdom	Victory	Rebellious Arab forces disbanded Bakhtiaris defeated Khazalarrested Sheikhdom of Mohammerah abolished Reza Khanre-established full control over theEmirate of Muhammara.
Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979)
Simko Shikak revolt (1926)	Iran Assyrian volunteers Assyrian levies	Irregular Kurdish militias	Victory	Revolt suppressed;Simko Shikakfled toMandatory Iraq
Jafar Sultan revolt(1931)	Iran	Jafar Sultan'sKurdishrebels	Victory	Revolt suppressed
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran (1941) Part ofWorld War II	Iran	Soviet Union United Kingdom India	Defeat	Abdication ofRezā Shāh,Alliedoccupation of Iran
Hama Rashid revolt(1941–1944)	Iran	Kurdishtribesmen	Victory	Hama Rashid driven into Iraq
Iran Crisis of 1946 (1945–1946)	Iran	Mahabad Azerbaijan Supported by: Soviet Union	Victory	Dissolution ofMahabadandAzerbaijan
First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970)	KDP Supported by: Iran Israel United States(alleged)	Before 1968: Republic of Iraq Syria(1963) After 1968: Ba'athist Iraq	Stalemate	Several Iraqi offensives intended to suppress the Kurdish rebellion fail. Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970 Arabization program continued
Dhofar Rebellion (1963–1976)	Iran Oman	PFLOAG PFLO	Victory	Defeat of insurgents, modernization of Oman
1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran(1967)	Iran	Revolutionary Committee leadership: KDP-I	Victory	Kurdish revolt suppressed:
Insurgency in Balochistan(1973–present) 1970s operation in Balochistan Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency	Iran Pakistan	Baloch separatist groups Taliban-aligned groups Supported by: India Afghanistan	Ongoing	Insurgency mostly repressed
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975)	KDP Iran Soviet Union Supported by: Israel United States	Iraq	Defeat	Peshmerga fighting ability destroyed Iran withdrew its support for KDP
Arvand Conflict (1974–1975)	Iran	Iraq	Victory	1975 Algiers Agreement Iran consolidates control over the Shatt al-Arab/Arvand Rud waterway Tensions between Iran and Iraq over the disputed waterway and border escalate into afull-scale war in 1980
Islamic Republic of Iran (since 1979)
Iranian RevolutionandConsolidation (1979–1983)	Iran	Imperial State	Islamic Republic victory	Rival political factions and separatist movements crushed Tens of thousandsof political executions in the aftermath(7,900 from 1981 to 1985, 3,800 to 33,000 in 1988, unknown in 1986–1987 or 1979–1980)
1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran(1979)	Iran	KDP-I Komala IPFG OIPFG (Minority) Supported by: Iraq	Victory	Iranian victory, but pockets of KDPI resistance remained until 1996.
1979 Khuzestan insurgency(1979)	Iran	DRFLA APCO PFLA AFLA Supported by: Iraq	Victory	Uprising quelled Iranian Embassy siegein 1980
Qatif conflict(1979–present) part ofIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran Shiamilitants Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula Hezbollah Al-Hejaz	Saudi Arabia	Ongoing	Mostly repressed from 1983 to 2011 by Saudi government. Sunni government executes many Shia rebels.
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)	Iran KDP PUK Badr Brigades	Iraq MEK PDKI	Stalemate	Both Iraq and Iran acceptedUNSC Resolution 598. Return to status quo, observed byUNIIMOG
Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984) Part ofLebanese Civil War	Islamic Jihad Organization Iran Syria Progressive Socialist Party Amal Movement	United Kingdom France United States Italy	Stalemate	Syrian Allied victory Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into Syrian- or Israeli- supported militias Multinational forces evacuated after theUS embassyandUS Marine barracksare bombed by theIslamic Jihad Organization Multinational forces oversee withdrawal ofPalestine Liberation Organization Humanitarian crisis in southern Lebanon Civil warcontinues until 1990 PresidentHafez al-Assadcontinues hisoccupation of Lebanonuntil his son and later presidentBashar al-Assadorders a withdrawal from the country
Tanker War (1984−1988) Action of June 5, 1984 Operation Earnest Will Operation Prime Chance Operation Praying Mantis part ofIran–Iraq WarandIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran Supported by: Pakistan	Iraq Supported by: United States Saudi Arabia Kuwait	Ceasefire	UNSC Resolution 598
KDPI–Komala conflict (1984−1991)	Iran	KDP-I Komala	Victory	Both armed forces debilitate and Iran maintain control ofIranian Kurdistan.
Iran–Israel proxy conflict(1985−present) Hezbollah–Israel conflict Karine A affair Francop Affair 2009 Sudan airstrikes Victoria Affair 2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war Operation Full Disclosure Operation Northern Shield 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 2022 Erbil missile attacks 2023 Iran drone attacks	Iran Supported by: Hamas Hezbollah Houthi movement Lebanon Syria Iraq(from 2006) Sudan(until 2015)	Israel Supported by: United States Persian opposition	Ongoing	Iran-Israel conflicts continues Tactical victories from Israel Strategic stalemate
KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)	Iran	KDP-I	Victory	KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996.
Arab civil unrest and insurgency on Khuzestan (1999−2020) Part ofIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran	ASMLA NLMA Ansar Al-Furqan Supported by: Iraq(until2003) Saudi Arabia	Victory	Revolts suppressed
2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict (2000–2006) Part ofIran–Israel proxy conflict,Hezbollah–Israel conflict	Hezbollah Supported by: Iran Syria	Israel	Defeat	Israel maintains the territories
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) United States invasion of Afghanistan 2001 uprising in Herat part ofWar on terror	United States United Kingdom Northern Alliance Canada Italy Germany Australia New Zealand Iran(until 2002)	Taliban Al-Qaeda 055 Brigade Foreign fighters	Victory	Fall of theTalibangovernment in Afghanistan Then Iran quits the coallition and form theAxis of ResistanceafterAxis of evilspeachment, ending his collaboration with the US coallition.
Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)	New Iraqi government Supported by: Iran NATO NATO Training Mission – Iraq Israel United Nations United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq United States United Kingdom MNF–I(2003–09) Shia insurgents Mahdi Army Special Groups Kata'ib Hezbollah Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Badr Brigades Others	Ba'ath loyalists Fedayeen Saddam(2003 Only) SCJL JRTN Sunni insurgents Al-Qaeda in Iraq(2004–06) Islamic State of Iraq(from 2006) Islamic Army of Iraq Ansar al-Sunnah(2003–07) Others Iraqi Islamic Resistance Army(not to be confused with Iraqi Hamas)	Inconclusive	End of American military presence in Iraq with2007–2011 withdrawal ContinuedIraqi conflictin theWar in Iraq (2013–2017) Stronger Iranian influence in Iraq
Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)	Iran	Jundallah (Iran)(2004–2011) Jaish ul-Adl(2013–present) Ansar Al-Furqan(2013–present)	Ongoing	Capture ofAbdolmalek Rigi Dissolution of Jundallah
Iran–PJAK Conflict (2004–present)	Iran Turkey	PJAK	Ongoing	PJAK withdraws from Iranian territory
2006 Lebanon War (2006) part ofIran–Israel proxy conflict	Iran Hezbollah Lebanon	Israel	Stalemate	U.Nbrokered ceasefire throughUNSCR 1701 Israeli strategic and military failure
Afghanistan–Iran border skirmishes (2007–2023) 2009 Afghanistan–Iran clash 2021 Afghanistan–Iran clashes 2023 Afghanistan–Iran clash part ofAfghan conflict	Iran	Afghanistan	Stalemate	Status quo ante bellum
Gaza War (2008–2009) 2009 Sudan airstrikes part ofIran–Israel proxy conflict	Gaza Strip Supported by: Iran	Israel	Defeat	Israel tactical victory
Syrian Civil War (2011–present) Iranian intervention in Syria Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war part ofIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict,Iran–Israel proxy conflict,Hezbollah–Israel conflictandWar against the Islamic State	Syria Hezbollah Iran Russia	Free Syrian Army United States Turkey Saudi Arabia Israel Islamic Front al-Nusra Front Islamic State Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria	Ongoing	Rebel and Islamist uprisings quelled in much of Syria Most of Syria now controlled by Syrian Government, which is supported by Iran Islamic State in Syria defeated near the end of 2017
Insurgency in Bahrain(2011–present) part ofIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Al-Ashtar Brigades Waad Allah Brigades al-Mukhtar Brigades God's Revenge Companies Popular Resistance Brigades February 14 Youth Coalition Saraya al Karar Asa’ib al-Muqawama al-Bahrainia Imam al-Mahdi Brigades al-Haydariyah Brigades Supported by: Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps	Bahrain Supported by: Saudi Arabia	Ongoing	Ongoinginsurgencyby militant groups, supported byIran,to topple government ofBahrain
War in Iraq (2014–2017) Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present) part ofWar against the Islamic State	Iraq Peshmerga Iran Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Badr Organization Hezbollah Kata'ib Hezbollah Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam United States	Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Naqshbandi Army	Victory	Iraqi government and allied victory against ISIL US played a significant role in this victory. End of ISIL territorial control in Iraq; ongoing ISIL insurgency
2014 Gaza War (2014)	Gaza Strip Supported by: Iran	Israel	Inconclusive	Both sides claim victory.
Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) part ofIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Supreme Political Council Houthi movement Iran Iraq North Korea Syrianmercenaries	Cabinet of Yemen Saudi-led coalition Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Senegal Jordan Egypt Sudan(2015–19) Morocco(2015–19) Qatar(2015–17) Al-Qaeda	Ongoing	Houthisseize Yemen's capital city,Sanaa Saudi-led coalition forcesintervene in Yemento restore the Hadi/Alimi-led government Former PresidentAli Abdullah Salehis killed Continued clashes betweenSouthern Transitional Counciland Hadi/Alimi-led government
Islamic State–Taliban conflict (2015–present) part ofWar against the Islamic State	Afghanistan Taliban Haqqani network Al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan(pro-Taliban & anti-IS factions) Supported by: United States(limited) Iran(alleged) Russia(alleged) Pakistan(alleged)	Islamic State Khorasan Province IS central command Mullah Dadullah Front(until 2016) Fidai Mahaz Supported by: High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan(HCIEA)(until 2021)	Ongoing	Continued IS-KP guerilla warfare and insurgent attacks
Western Iran clashes (2016–present) part ofIran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran	PDKI PJAK Komala PAK Khebat Supported by: Saudi Arabia	Ongoing	Restart of armed resistance against the Islamic Republic of Iran. However,eastern Kurdistanhas not yet become a Kurdish state.
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (2017)	Iraq Supported by: Iran	Kurdistan Regional Government PKK PDKI White Flags(alleged)	Victory	Iraqi Government captures 20% of the territory controlled by theKurdistan Regionincluding the city ofKirkuk,along with the surrounding oil fields and border crossings
Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) part ofIraqi conflict	Iraq Pro-Government Tribes (ar) Rojava(cross-border cooperation since May 2018) Supported by: CJTF-OIR(until 2021) United States United Kingdom France Iran Russia Kurdistan Region Peshmerga Supported by: Netherlands	Islamic State White Flags	Ongoing	Continue of the conflict againstIslamic State 2019–2021 Iraqi protestsagainst Iranian influence Clashes between US and Iran and allies due to
2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings (2023)	Hamas PIJ Supported by: Hezbollah Iran	Israel	Ceasefire	Inconclusive
Israel–Hamas war (2023–present) 2023 Israel–Lebanon border clashes 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria part ofIran–Israel proxy conflict	Hamas Supported by: Iran Syria Hezbollah Houthi movement Islamic Resistance in Iraq	Israel Supported by: United States Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Free Syrian Army	Ongoing	Iranian proxy groups initiate offensives against US military bases.
2024 Iran–Israel conflict (2024)	Iran Supported by: Syria Hezbollah Houthi movement Islamic Resistance in Iraq	Israel Supported by: United States United Kingdom France	Status quo ante bellum	Status quo ante bellum

See also

• History of Iran
• Swedish intervention in Persia
• Military history of Iran
• Iranian expansionism
• Cyrus in Babylon and the Jewish connection
• List of massacres in Iran
• Greco-Persian Wars
• Roman–Persian Wars
• Parthian army
• Military of the Sasanian Empire
• List of Sasanian revolts and civil wars
• Göktürk–Persian wars
• Hephthalite–Persian Wars
• Aksumite–Persian wars
• Military of Safavid Iran
• Persian–Uzbek wars
• Ottoman–Persian Wars
• Military of Afsharid Iran
• Mughal–Persian Wars
• Russo-Persian Wars
• Persian Corridor(a.k.a.Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran)
• Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution(1979–1982/83)
• The policy of exporting the Islamic Revolution
• Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
• Kurdish separatism in Iran
• Iran–Israel proxy conflict
• Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
• Hybrid warfare against Iran
• Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
• Cyberwarfare and Iran
• List of Iranian assassinations
• Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)
• Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war
• Iran-United States conflict