Little Saigon
Little Saigon Vietnamtown | |
![]() Asian Garden Mall facade inWestminster | |
Vietnamese alphabet | Tiểu Sài Gòn Sài Gòn nhỏ Phố người Việt Khu phố Việt Nam |
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Little Saigon(Vietnamese:Sài Gòn nhỏ or Tiểu Sài Gòn) is a name given toethnic enclavesofexpatriate Vietnamesemainly in English-speaking countries. Alternate names includeLittle VietnamandLittle Hanoi(mainly in historically communist nations), depending on the enclave's political history. To avoid political undertones due to the renaming of Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City, it is occasionally called by the neutral nameVietnamtown(Vietnamese:Phố người Việt or Khu phố Việt Nam).Saigonis the former name of the capital of the formerSouth Vietnam(now Ho Chi Minh City), where a large number of first-generation Vietnameseimmigrantsemigrating to theUnited Statesoriginate from,[1]whereasHanoiis the current capital ofVietnam.
The most well-established and largest Vietnamese-American enclaves, not all of which are called Little Saigon, are inOrange County, California;San Jose, California;andHouston, Texas.Relatively smaller communities also exist, including the comparatively nascent Vietnamese commercial districts inSan Francisco,San Diego,Atlanta,Sacramento,Philadelphia,Denver,Oklahoma City,New Orleans,theDallas–Fort Worth metroplex(Haltom City,Arlington,andGarland),Falls Church, Virginia,Orlando,andSeattle.
Additionally, Vietnamese-Americans and Vietnamese-Canadians also established businesses and bringing distinctively Vietnamese elements to mostChinatowns;some examples include the Chinatowns ofLas Vegas,Boston,Houston,Honolulu,Manhattan,andEdmonton, Alberta.
Locations in America
[edit]California
[edit]Anintercity bus servicenamedXe Đò Hoàngconnects theLittle Saigon in Orange countytothe one in San Joseand various other cities in California and Arizona with high concentration of Vietnamese Americans.[2]
Orange County
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Phuoc_Loc_Tho.jpg/220px-Phuoc_Loc_Tho.jpg)
The oldest, largest, and most prominent Little Saigon is centered inOrange County, California,where over 189,000Vietnamese Americansreside. With otherSouthern Californiacounties, this region constitutes the largest Vietnamese American (VA) population outside of Vietnam. The community originally started emerging inWestminster,and quickly spread to the adjacent city ofGarden Grove.Today, these two cities rank as the highest concentration of Vietnamese-Americans of any cities in the United States at 37.1% and 31.1%, respectively (according to the 2011 American Community Survey).
About 45 miles (72 km) south of Los Angeles,Westminsterwas once a predominantlywhitemiddle-classsuburban city of Orange County with ample farmland, but the city later experienced a decline by the 1970s. Since 1978, the nucleus of Little Saigon has long been Bolsa Avenue, where early pioneersDanh QuachandFrank Jaoestablished businesses. During that year, the well-knownNguoi Viet Daily Newsalso began publishing from a home in Garden Grove. Other new Vietnamese-American arrivals soon revitalized the area by opening their own businesses in old, formerly white-owned storefronts, and investors constructed large shopping centers containing a mix of businesses. The Vietnamese community and businesses later spread into adjacent Garden Grove,Midway City,Fountain Valley,Stanton,Anaheim,andSanta Ana.
In Orange County, Little Saigon is now a wide, spread-out community dotted with myriad suburban-style strip malls containing a mixture of Vietnamese and Chinese-Vietnamese businesses. It is located southwest ofDisneylandbetween the State Route 22 andInterstate 405.However, the main focus of Little Saigon is Bolsa Avenue (whereAsian Garden Malland Little Saigon Plaza are considered the heart), which runs through Westminster; the street was officially designated Little Saigon by thecity councilof Westminster in the late 1980s. The borders of Little Saigon can be considered to be Trask Avenue and W McFadden Avenue on the north and south and Euclid Street and Magnolia Street on the east and west, respectively. About three-quarters of the population in this area are Vietnamese.[3]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tet_Festival_Little_Saigon.jpg/220px-Tet_Festival_Little_Saigon.jpg)
Westminster is generally considered the main cultural center of the Vietnamese American community with several Vietnamese-language television stations, radio stations, and newspapers originating from Little Saigon and adjacent areas. At least one radio station broadcast 24 hours a day in Vietnamese and 4 television substations broadcasting in Vietnamese 24 hours a day as of 2009, and several newspapers serve the Vietnamese-American community. Little Saigon has also emerged as the prominent center of the Vietnamesepop musicindustry with several recording studios, and with a recording industry many times larger than in Vietnam itself.[4]Vietnamese music recorded in Westminster are distributed and sold in Vietnamese communities throughout the United States and inAustralia,France,andGermanyas well as illegally in Vietnam.[5]
Garden Grove Park is the location of an annualVietnamese Lunar New Yearfestival held in late January - early February known asTết.Small amusement park rides, dances, and contests are held inGarden Grove Parkwhich is across the street fromBolsa Grande High Schoolgrounds and is hosted by the Union of Vietnamese Student Association (UVSA). Since 2013, the annual festival has been relocated to the OC Fair Grounds in Costa Mesa.
The Vietnamese American population has now begun to diffuse from Little Saigon to traditionally working-classHispaniccities, such as Santa Ana, and southward to professional middle-class predominantly white cities such asCosta Mesa,Huntington Beach,Irvine,andOrange.Over the years, the vibrant community of Little Saigon has experienced frequent openings and closures of small mom-and-pop Vietnamese businesses, resulting in sights of some abandoned strip plazas. The changing landscape of the Vietnamese American population would bring a more multicultural flavor toOrange County,but as withChinatowns,could potentially eliminate its identity as a "Little Saigon" as the population of foreign-born Vietnamese old-timers declines and more younger generations of Vietnamese American families attune to mainstream American culture (especially with a preference for fashionable malls over the Vietnamese ethnic malls in Little Saigon) and move on to affluent communities further away from the Little Saigon area.
San Diego
[edit]When the "first wave" of Vietnamese immigrants started to arrive in 1981, many settled in the communities adjacent to San Diego State University, such as City Heights and Talmadge, better known as East San Diego. As families and individuals became more affluent however, many relocated to other communities in the city: Linda Vista, Clairemont, Serra Mesa, etc. (Central San Diego) and what was then brand-new tract communities such as Mira Mesa,Rancho Penasquitos,Rancho Bernardo, etc.
With a population of about 50,000, the San Diego metropolitan area ranks as one of the largest Vietnamese communities in the United States. Because of the Vietnamese population's unique migration patterns in the city, it does not have a huge concentration of Vietnamese businesses in a particular area like other metropolitan areas (e.g., Westminster, San Jose, Houston, etc.) Still, there are three notable Vietnamese business districts in the San Diego region: Mira Mesa Boulevard (North San Diego), El Cajon Boulevard (East San Diego), and Convoy Street/Linda Vista Road (Central San Diego).
The area on El Cajon Boulevard in East San Diego will be getting official City of San Diego status as "Little Saigon San Diego", as referenced on the web page littlesaigonsandiego.org.
On June 4, 2013, City Council approved Little Saigon Cultural and Commercial District in City Heights, San Diego, which is a six-block section of El Cajon Boulevard from Euclid to Highland avenues.[6]On February 1, 2019, Little Saigon signs were revealed to be installed on Interstate 15.[7][8][9]
San Gabriel Valley
[edit]Due to the large influx and presence of relatively poor ethnic Chinese refugees from Vietnam in the 1980s (which also coincided with the arrival of immigrant elites fromTaiwanandHong Kong), the San Gabriel Valley region ofLos Angeleshas another important concentration of Vietnamese in Southern California. While not generally referred to as "Little Saigon", the stretch of Garvey Avenue in the working-classbarriosofRosemead,South El Monte,andEl Montehave a relatively heavy but scattered collection of businesses owned mainly by majority ethnic Chinese Vietnamese with a growing number of ethnic Vietnamese residents and business owners as well. Many of these businesses are housed in tiny strip malls while others occupy freestanding, aging buildings. These Vietnamese businesses are very gradually replacing businesses owned by Hispanics.
Rosemead is the Vietnamese center of the San Gabriel Valley. One particular shopping center in Rosemead, called Diamond Square, is anchored by theTaiwanese Americanchain 99 Ranch Market (now closed) and contains various Chinese Vietnamese small businesses and a food court catering to local Asians. The Diamond Square is now closed, replaced by The Square anchored byKorean Americanstores. The 99 Ranch Market is replaced by the Square Supermarket.
It remains a major hub for working-class Vietnamese andMainland Chineseexpatriates residing in the area. Many Vietnamese of ethnic Chinese origin also tend to own various businesses - especially supermarkets, restaurants, beauty parlors, and auto repair shops - in the main general mixed-Chinese commercial thoroughfares of Garvey Avenue inMonterey Park, Californiaand Valley Boulevard inAlhambra, California,San Gabriel, California,and Rosemead. There are already several phở and bánh mì eateries represented along Valley Boulevard.
TheSrirachahot sauce manufacturerHuy Fong Foods(known for its rooster logo and found in countless Vietnamese restaurants) is owned by a Chinese Vietnamese refugee named David Tran and was originally located inChinatown, Los Angelesbut it relocated to its larger facility in Rosemead.
In 2005, John Tran became the first Vietnamese American to be elected to a seat on the city council of Rosemead. Since 2006, he has been the mayor of the city, a position that is held by rotation among the council members.
San Jose
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Buddhist_Cultural_Center_-_Maitreya_Pagoda%2C_765_Story_Road%2C_San_Jose%2C_California_%2843557496510%29.jpg/220px-Buddhist_Cultural_Center_-_Maitreya_Pagoda%2C_765_Story_Road%2C_San_Jose%2C_California_%2843557496510%29.jpg)
Comprising over 180,000 residents, about 10.6% of the population, (as of the 2010 U.S. Census)San Jose's Vietnamese community is comparable to the one in Orange County. San Jose has more Vietnamese residents than any single city outside of Vietnam.[10]Vietnamese-language radio programs from Orange County are rebroadcast in the region, though San Jose does contain locally produced Vietnamese-language radio and TV stations such as Que Huong Media, Vien Thao, and Vietoday TV. AlthoughViet Mercury,the Vietnamese-language edition of theSan Jose Mercury News,is now discontinued, many other publications offer Vietnamese literature enjoyed by the community, such as Thang Mo and Trieu Thanh magazines as well as newspapers from Calitoday,Viet Bao,Thoi Bao Daily News (now defunct), and Viet Nam Nhat Bao (Vietnam Daily News). Several strip malls on Tully Road (stretching from Senter Road to Quimby Road) and Senter Road (from Capitol Expressway to Burke Street byCostco), cater to Vietnamese tastes, such as Lion Plaza on the intersection of Tully and King (anchored by Lion Supermarket) and Carribbees Center on Senter and Lewis (anchored by Cho Senter Market, now Lee's Supermarket).
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Little_Saigon%2C_San_Jos%C3%A9%2C_California_1256_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Little_Saigon%2C_San_Jos%C3%A9%2C_California_1256_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The epicenter of the Vietnamese-American community of San Jose, however, is on Story Road (stretching from Senter Road to McLaughlin Avenue), home to the popular Grand Century Mall and Vietnam Town (both shopping malls are owned by Chinese-Vietnamese real estate developer Lap Tang) and is officially designated by the San Jose City Council as "Little Saigon". Like its counterpart in Orange County, a freeway offramp sign was placed in 2013 on Highway 101 and Freeway 280, designating the Story Road (from Highway 101) and McLaughlin Avenue (from Freeway 280) exits to Little Saigon.Lee's Sandwiches,(a Vietnamesebánh mìsandwichchain eatery) as well as thephởchain,Pho Hoa Restaurant,had their first locations here in San Jose. Due to the ethnic diversity of the city, where Vietnamese-Americans here live side by side with other ethnic minorities such asMexican-Americans,Filipino-Americans,andIndian-Americans,the Vietnamese community in San Jose is more fully integrated into the local community.
The Vietnamese community of San Jose has been politically divided over the naming of the business district, with various groups favoring "Little Saigon", "New Saigon", and "Vietnamese Business District". Non-Vietnamese businesses and residents, as well as the San Jose Hispanic Chamber of Commerce have also opposed the name "Little Saigon". In November 2007, the San Jose City Council voted 8–3 to choose the compromise name "Saigon Business District", resulting in ongoing protest, debate, and an effort to recall city council memberMadison Nguyen,who proposed the name "Saigon Business District". On March 4, 2008, after a public meeting in which more than 1000 "Little Saigon" supporters participated, the city council voted 11–1 to rescind the name "Saigon Business District", but stopped short of renaming it. The recall of Nguyen failed in March 2009.
San Jose also granted the building of theViet Museumin Kelley Park next to the City Historic Museum.[11]The Viet Museum had its grand opening August 25, 2007.
Sacramento
[edit]With a large and growing Vietnamese American population, in February 2010, a stretch of Stockton Boulevard inSacramentofrom Florin Road to Fruitridge Road has been officially named "Little Saigon".[12][13]Although settlement of Vietnamese refugees began during the 1980s, large numbers of Vietnamese have moved from theSan Josearea to the Sacramento area since the late 1990s and 2000s (decade) (especially after thedot-com bustin Silicon Valley). People were drawn to the area by lower housing prices, lower cost of living, and Vietnamese and Chinese enclaves. The large Asian supermarketShun Fat Supermarket(a small Southern California-based chain owned by a Chinese Vietnamese American) opened in 2000 to cater to the local community and anchors Pacific Plaza. One of the First Vietnamese-Chinese owned supermarkets was Vinh Phat Supermarket.SF Supermarketis a prominent fixture at the intersections of 65th and Stockton Boulevard. This center also houses Huong Lan, which is famous for Vietnamesebanh misandwiches. In 2010, a new99 Ranch Marketopened on Florin Road. The strip of Stockton Boulevard has a great number of Vietnamese and Chinese restaurants and many places for ethnic foods, such asphởand boba. There are nearby Vietnamese Chinese shopping centers planned for development, including Little Saigon Plaza (to be anchored by a supermarket) that is to be developed by prominent San Jose-based Vietnamese American developers. Other current shopping centers sport names such as Little Vietnam and Pacific Rim Plaza.[14]As a testament to the area's burgeoning Vietnamese community, the Southgate branch (66th Avenue, near Stockton Boulevard) of Sacramento Public library carries a large collection of Vietnamese materials.
San Francisco
[edit]In early 2004,San Franciscoofficially designated Larkin Street between Eddy and O'Farrell streets as "Little Saigon" (Sài Gòn Nhỏ). Located in theTenderloin districtwhere 2,000 of the city's 13,000 Vietnamese-American residents live, the two-block stretch is more than 80% Vietnamese-owned. Unlike San Jose, with its larger ethnic Vietnamese population, the ethnic Chinese from Vietnam are well represented in San Francisco due to self-segregation. Banners and directional signs have already been posted. A formal symbolic entrance was erected in July 2008, akin to those for San Francisco's Japantown and Chinatown (albeit smaller).[10]
Oakland
[edit]The region stretching from 1st Avenue to 23rd Avenue inOakland, California'sSan Antonio districtEastlake neighborhoodis known as Little Saigon of Oakland. The local Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce[15]estimates that there are approximately 8,000 people of Vietnamese origin or descent living in Oakland, largely concentrated in Eastlake.[16]Vietnamese businesses are concentrated along International Boulevard and East 12th Street in the district, and include Oakland's Sun Hop Fat market, a fruit and grocery store that was one of the first.[16]Currently there are dozens of Vietnamese-owned businesses in the area that serve the Vietnamese immigrant community, including restaurants,print shops,jewelry stores, and akaraoke machinestore.[16]Shop signs are typically bilingually English and Vietnamese.[16]Yellow Vietnamese Freedom flags and the signs ofWelcome to Little Saigon Oaklandare visible everywhere, as are yellow and red Vietnamesesilk flowersin the shape ofcherry blossomscalledMai.[16]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vietnamese_Yellow_Flag_are_visible_everywhere_in_Oakland_Little_Saigon.jpg/220px-Vietnamese_Yellow_Flag_are_visible_everywhere_in_Oakland_Little_Saigon.jpg)
In 2019, local business owners lobbied for the formal city recognition of the area as “Little Saigon” and began working on a proposal for the creation of aBusiness Improvement District(BID)—a region in which local businesses and sometimes additional property owners pay a tax surcharge or mandatory fee to fund neighborhood events, clean-up efforts, local beautification efforts, and marketing campaigns to promote the district as such rather than individual businesses within it.[16]The 2019-2021 city council budget allocated $125,000 for BID feasibility studies in both Eastlake andOakland's Chinatown.[17]
The Oakland Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce organizes the annualVietnamese Mid-Autumn Festival,[18]in Clinton Square Park[19]at the intersection of East 12th Street and 7th Avenue.[17]The Oakland Vietnamese Mid-Autumn Festival occurs alongside manyMid-Autumn Festivals( "Asian New Year" ) celebrations for different East Asian communities across theSan Francisco Bay Area.[17]
In the summer of 2021, the Oakland Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce, along withGood Good Eatz(a program funded by the East Bay Asian Local Development Corporation to promote ethnic food districts[20]) andPokémon GodeveloperNianticorganized a "Summer Fest" centered on Pokémon Go events and local food, along withretro video gamesmade available by theMuseum of Art and Digital EntertainmentandCOVID-19 testingandvaccinations.[21]
Elsewhere
[edit]Large concentrations of Vietnamese live in Central districts ofLos Angeles,although are outnumbered by other Asians and even more numerous Latinos.[citation needed]Unofficially,Riverside County,FresnoandOxnardhas some Vietnamese.[citation needed]
Colorado
[edit]A growing Vietnamese commercial district has emerged on Federal Boulevard between the Far East Center shopping complex between West Alameda and West Mississippi Avenues inDenver, Colorado,with Vietnamese cuisine eateries and various businesses. With the leadership of business owners, the Vietnamese American Community of Colorado, Denver Asian Pacific Commission and Denver City Councilman Paul Lopez, the Little Saigon Business District was formed honoring its rich Vietnamese culture in 2014.[22][23]There is also a growing Vietnamese population inAurora, Colorado,specifically in an area bordered to the north by Alameda Avenue, to the south by E. Hampden Avenue, to the east by Chambers Road, and to the west by Havana Street. There are currently about 21,000 Vietnamese people living in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metro Area.
Florida
[edit]A thriving Vietnamese quarter called "Little Saigon" exists in theColonialtowndistrict ofOrlando, Florida.The neighborhood has become a landmark in the city of Orlando and consists of a growing number of restaurants, groceries, and Vietnamese professional offices that serve the local Vietnamese community with everything from taxes to medical and dental care. Stores supply Asian pop culture to the community in the form ofkaraokebars, bubble tea shops, Vietnamese video and music shops, and stores featuring candies and collectibles from across Asia. The heart of the district is the intersection of East Colonial Drive /Highway 50and Mills Avenue, also known as the "Vi-Mi" district.
The Orlando Vietnamese community has its roots in war refugees seeking a new life in America after the fall of Saigon. Notable pro-democracy activists, such as Thuong Nguyen Foshee, who was just recently released from prison in Vietnam, call Orlando their home.
The Vietnamese Community in Orlando, along with institutions like Chua Bao An, St. Philip Phan Van Minh Church, Vietnamese Baptist Church, and groups such as The Vietnamese Association of Central Florida, strive to maintain their heritage as well as share their culture with the rest of Orlando. Annual events, such as the numerous Tet New Year Celebrations at the Central Florida Fairgrounds and across the city, help spread Vietnamese culture and promote diversity throughout Orlando.
Georgia
[edit]There are many Vietnamese businesses located in the mixed-Asian – that is, co-existing with ethnicKoreanandChinesebusinesses – commercial and cultural strip ofBuford HighwayinDoravilleandChamblee,which are working-class suburbs inDeKalb Countynorth ofAtlanta.Although a fair number of post-war Vietnamese refugees settled in Atlanta earlier, many Vietnamese Americans from California and other parts of the United States have been relocating into the Atlanta area to establish a fairly large presence since the 1990s. Metropolitan Atlanta is home to one of the fastest-growing Vietnamese populations in the world.
Gulf Coast
[edit]It is estimated that there are 40,000 Vietnamese-Americans in theGulf Coast,and 1 in every 4 fishermen from the area is Vietnamese-American.[citation needed]
Alabama
[edit]Vietnamese-Americans make up one-third of the population in the fishing hamlet ofBayou La Batre.A majority of the community work in the seafood industry, while a smaller percentage work in the shipbuilding industry. The eastern side of the city is nicknamed "Little Vietnam" due to the high number of Vietnamese-American residents. Vietnamese businesses have been sustained by the social integration of the Vietnamese and mainstream cultures. The city also sees, within the Vietnamese American community, a large sub-community ofAmerasians.Many were brought to the US through theAmerasian Homecoming Actand relocated to the area due to similarities in environment and industry to what they were accustomed to.
Louisiana
[edit]Louisiana is home to many Vietnamese, many of whom especially engaged in traditional fishing. Both Louisiana and Vietnam had beenFrench colonies.New Orleanshas several areas with a concentration of Vietnamese-American businesses. The largest among these communities is located aroundVillage de L'Est,which includes significant community and commercial institutions such as Mary Queen of Vietnam Church andDong Phuong Oriental Bakery.
There is a Vietnamese business section inBaton Rouge,located near the 12000 block ofFlorida Boulevard(part ofU.S. Route 190), which consists of restaurants, grocery stores, and other various businesses, even found throughout some other sections of the city.
In 2008,Anh "Joseph" Caomade history after being elected toCongressas aRepublicanfrom Louisiana's heavilyDemocratic2nd congressional district,which includes most of New Orleans. Cao served one term, and was the first person of Vietnamese ancestry ever elected to the U.S. Congress.
Mississippi
[edit]A small "Little Saigon" can be found on Oak Street inBiloxi.Many Vietnamese-Americans relocated to southern Mississippi due to the similar environment and industry they were accustomed to back in Vietnam. The Vietnamese-American labor force in this area is usually spread between the fishing, gambling, and shipbuilding industries.
Illinois
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Little_Saigon_Chicago.jpg/220px-Little_Saigon_Chicago.jpg)
Argyle Streetin the city ofChicagocontains a Little Saigon district, and it has become the hub of vibrant Vietnamese culture in the city. It is referred to by Chicagoans as the "New Chinatown", little Saigon, or most commonly Argyle. Argyle is easily accessible from theCTA Red Line'sArgyle station.
Kentucky
[edit]Louisvillehas an unofficial Vietnamese district, dubbed "Little Saigon" byTARCdrivers back in the 1990s, centered on areas near South 3rd Street and Southside Drive, primarily in theSouthsideneighborhood.[24]Although Vietnamese-American businesses, institutions and population etc. have spread to other parts of the county, they are still primarily concentrated nearIroquois Park,to its east, in the40214 zip code.[25]
Massachusetts
[edit]Dorchester,Massachusetts, a neighborhood of Boston, is home to a major Vietnamese business center in the Northeast. It serves some 75,000 Vietnam-born Americans in the Boston-Worcester area as well as those in surroundings states such as Connecticut and Rhode Island. Communities there are served by a number of Viet-organized social service agencies (such asThe Southeast Asian Coalitionin WorcesterViet-AID, the Vietnamese American Initiative for Development) and some religious and publicly funded organizations. Native Vietnamese who speak fluent Vietnamese, whether or not they live in Boston, are recruited for work here.
The "X" inSpringfieldis a magnet for Vietnamese businesses and the locus of Vietnamese settlement in western Massachusetts, including restaurants, businesses and a Vietnamese community center.
Missouri
[edit]Kansas Cityis home to more than 10,000 Vietnamese immigrants. A sizable Vietnamese population along Independence Avenue & Garrison Square sprung up various businesses includingphởrestaurants, nail salons, hair salons, video gift stores, cell phone stores, pool halls and jewelry stores. One of the new "Little Saigons" can now be found on North Oak Trafficway in Kansas City Gladstone neighborhood.
St. Louisalso has a large Vietnamese immigrant population. The majority of restaurants and stores are in "South City" on or near Grand Avenue.
Michigan
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/DTD2000.jpg/220px-DTD2000.jpg)
While not titled a "Little Saigon", the suburban community ofMadison Heightsin theDetroitarea has become a center of Vietnamese commerce. Located on John R Road and on Dequindre Road, several Vietnamese markets,Phởnoodle soup restaurants, movie/music stores, several nail supply stores, herbal stores, and beauty salons have cropped up along two streets.
Besides Madison Heights, theGrand RapidsandHollandareas have a small Vietnamese enclave.
Inksterhas a neighborhood known as "Little Saigon," though this is in reference to the Vietnam war and not Vietnamese people or culture. "Little Saigon" is a collection of housing projects along Inkster Road and Annapolis where bullet holes and boarded windows are common.
New Mexico
[edit]Albuquerque,New Mexicohas a small "Little Saigon" community with various Vietnamese restaurants and businesses on and aroundCentral Avenuein the city'sInternational District.[26]
New York
[edit]New York City's unofficial "Little Saigon" Vietnamese community exists near the intersection of theBoweryandGrand Street.Although small compared with nearbyChinatown,the area is differentiated by the large presence of Vietnamese stores as compared with Chinese stores.[27]
North Carolina
[edit]InCharlotte,Central Avenue (near Briar Creek Road) is the original "Chinatown" consisting of "Saigon Square" and a pair of other Chinese/Vietnamese shopping plazas that include "Dim Sum Restaurant" (which serves New York-style dim sum), the "Eang Hong Supermarket", "Van Loi" (which serves cha shao), and a dozen or so other stores.
Saigon Square has various Vietnamese (albeit not Chinese) stores includingPhở Hòa(Vietnamese noodles). Asian Corner Mall on North Tryon Street and Sugar Creek Road, developed from the defunct Tryon Mall in 1999, with "Dragon Court Restaurant", "Hong Kong BBQ", "International Supermarket", and "New Century Market" and several other Chinese/Vietnamese stores.
There are also areas inGreensborowhere Vietnamese-run businesses (including stores and restaurants) are prevalent.
Oklahoma
[edit]Oklahoma Cityhas a significant Vietnamese American business district and ethnic neighborhood located in the center part of the city. While it is officially known asAsian Districtby the city, due to the abundant Asian diversity of the neighborhood (similar in many respects toInternational Districtin Seattle), much of the original Little Saigon portion centers along Military Drive and NW 23rd Street between North Classen Boulevard and North Shartel Avenue.
Tens of thousands of Vietnamese refugees were relocated to Oklahoma City during the 1980s. Over time, they have established businesses in a gentrified area to the west of theUptown NW 23rdand Classen Boulevard business districts and the area begun to be known as aLittle Saigon.
The original Little Saigon area features numerousphởcafés,Vietnamese bakeries and restaurants, andAsian supermarkets.There are also numerous hopping nightclubs, karaoke, and video bars joining the growing list ofChinese,Thai,Filipino,andKoreanresidents and establishments that make up the remainder of surrounding Asian District.
The district is very popular with local residents and students from nearbyOklahoma City University,providing a colorful and authentic taste of the Far East in the heartland ofAmerica.Oklahoma City's original Little Saigon neighborhood was featured in the New York Times as well asNational Geographic's March 2003 issue's ZipUSA series titled "73106: Lemongrass on the Prairie".[28]
Oregon
[edit]10,641 Vietnamese Americans live in thePortlandarea. Many Vietnamese restaurants, markets, and other businesses in Portland can be found on NE Sandy Boulevard, SE Powell Boulevard, andNE and SE 82nd Avenue.There are also some Vietnamese business around the Portland area such asBeaverton,Hillsboro,Aloha,andTigard.
Pennsylvania
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LittleSaigonPhilly.jpg/220px-LittleSaigonPhilly.jpg)
South Philadelphianear theItalian Markethas a large Vietnamese American population. Many Vietnamese businesses tucked in strip malls have emerged on Washington Avenue to service the local immigrant population. The Vietnamese sandwichbánh mìis gaining much attention in Philadelphia and is now competing with the PhillyCheesesteak.[citation needed]
As of 2005, Vietnamese are projected to become the largest ethnicity in South Philadelphia. Philadelphia is in the top ten U.S. cities for Vietnamese populations and Vietnamese immigration destinations. Philadelphia even has a higher percentage and numerical population of Vietnamese thanNew York City,one of the few Asian backgrounds that are actually less represented in New York.
Tennessee
[edit]Memphishas a significant Vietnamese community, affectionately known as "Little Hanoi" located along Cleveland Avenue inMidtown.The community includes many Vietnamese restaurants and shops, as well as a Vietnamese Buddhist temple and areas of predominantly Vietnamese housing. Little Hanoi is one of the last and largest non-Hispanic immigrant enclaves in the Memphis metropolitan area.
Texas
[edit]Austin
[edit]Austin has a Chinatown Center composed mainly of Vietnamese business on North Lamar.
Houston
[edit]The Houston area is home to over 150,000 Vietnamese people. A section ofMidtown Houstonknown as "Little Saigon" or "Vietnamtown" was the original commercial district home for the Vietnamese community in Houston.[29][30]The boundaries are IH 69/US 59, Preston Street, St. Joseph Parkway and Emancipation Avenue. Vietnamese street signs denote the area since 1998.[31]In 2004, this area was officially named "Little Saigon" by the city of Houston.[32]The redevelopment ofMidtown Houstonfrom run-down to upscale increased property values andproperty taxes,forcing many Vietnamese-American businesses out of the neighborhood into other areas.[33]
The largest Vietnamese commercial district is now found inHouston(Alief), a strip along Bellaire Boulevard west ofChinatown, Houston,with most Vietnamese-owned businesses and restaurants centered at the Hong Kong City Mall on Bellaire and Boone (anchored byHong Kong Food Marketand Ocean Palace Restaurant).
Since the Vietnamese District is adjacent to Houston'sChinatown,it is often confused to be part of the same neighborhood. The Vietnamese and the Chinese district are each their own individual neighborhood, however. Even though the area is primarily Vietnamese and Chinese, there is also a large number ofFilipino Americans,ArabMuslims,Indonesian Americans,andPakistani Americansin the area, as well as a sizable number ofAfrican Americans,whom were once the majority in the Little Saigon area prior to theVietnam War.
Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW)
[edit]In addition to the ones listed here, several unofficial Little Saigons are located in theDallas–Fort Worth metroplex.Dallas is also considered another one of the largest Vietnamese communities in the United States, along with its sister city, Fort Worth.
- One Little Saigon is located inGarland,along Walnut Street between Audelia Road and Jupiter Road. This one is the largest, consisting of four large supermarkets (Hiep Thai, New Truong Nguyen, Hong Kong, andThuan Phatat Cali Saigon Mall inGarland). Each supermarket listed below is located in a different shopping complex and has a number of restaurants.
- Hiep Thai: northeast corner of Jupiter and Walnut.
- New Truong Nguyen: northwest corner of Jupiter and Walnut.
- Hong Kong: southwest corner of Audelia and Walnut.
- Thuan Phat Supermarket/Cali Saigon Mall: northeast corner of Jupiter Road and Beltline Road (in Garland borders with city of Richardson)
- The restaurants in the area are Bistro B, La Me, Doan, Pho 95, Pho Bang, SaiGon Kitchen, Nam Hua, Saigon Block, Pho Tay Do, Pho Que Huong, Pho Bac, Pho Pasteur, Huong Ly (in Richardson), and many more.
- Another one is located inArlington,on Pioneer Parkway. This Little Saigon includes a couple supermarkets (Saigon-Taipei, Hong Kong), restaurants, and Vietnamese karaoke/café bars.
- The third one is inIrvingon Beltline Road, withLittle Saigon Mall.A small concentration of Vietnamese restaurants are being built on MacArthur and Beltline throughLas ColinasandValley Ranch.These restaurants are unique, infusing Korean, Japanese, Thai, Indian, and Chinese influences.
- There are also a number Vietnamese strip malls along Beltline inCarrollton.Though the area is predominantly Vietnamese, Chinese and Korean shops and churches can be found there, as well.
- Haltom City (on E Belknap Street) with many grocery stores, restaurants, and other stores.
Vietnamese businesses are also found in Richardson andHaltom City.[34]
Virginia
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Eden_Center_flags_on_festival_day.jpg/220px-Eden_Center_flags_on_festival_day.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eden_Center.jpg/220px-Eden_Center.jpg)
Little Saigon, Arlington,inClarendon,served as the Little Saigon of the Washington, D.C. region, reaching its heyday following the Fall of Saigon during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many Vietnamese refugees immigrated to the area due to the proximity to the nation's capital, and existing social, family, and business connections. This neighborhood was home to Vietnamese grocery stores, restaurants, department stores, cafes, and entertainment to serve the large Vietnamese population. Business was attractive to Vietnamese immigrants in this neighborhood due to the depressed rents during the time of construction of the WMATA Clarendon metro station. This neighborhood was a destination for Vietnamese immigrants both in the Washington D.C. area, as well as throughout the mid-Atlantic region.[35]
TheWashington, D.C.,suburb ofSeven CornersinFairfax County, Virginia,is now home to the largest Vietnamese American population and cultural center on the eastern seaboard. While there is no full-fledged "Little Saigon" to speak of, the most prominent hub for local-area Vietnamese is the shopping mall called theEden Center,complete with a garden and an arch signifying its entrance.
In GreaterRichmond,the concentration of Vietnamese restaurants and shops near the intersection of Horsepen Road and West Broad Street is sometimes referred to as Little Saigon. This area of WesternHenricohas developed as a center for the Vietnamese population since the late 1980s.[36][37]
Washington
[edit]Seattle
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seattle_Thanh_Vi_04.jpg/220px-Seattle_Thanh_Vi_04.jpg)
Seattlehas a significant, prosperous Vietnamese American business district centered at 12th Avenue and Jackson Street, immediately east of the city's considerably olderChinatowndistrict. This Vietnamese area has not been officially designated a "Little Saigon", although a few street signs with this name have been erected. Rather, the area – along with the Chinatown district – has retained the longstanding nameInternational District(now officially Chinatown/International District, but often just "The I.D." ), dating back to the late 1940s. The predominantly Chinese and predominantly Vietnamese areas are separated from one another by anInterstate 5viaduct, but there is easy pedestrian and car access between the two.
Tacoma
[edit]Tacoma,as well, has an area commonly known as the "Lincoln International District",which is almost entirely filled with Vietnamese restaurants, grocers, and shops. Though officially not known as" Little Saigon ", the area is normally referred to as such by the local resident population.
Canada
[edit]Toronto
[edit]Jane and Finchhas a large Vietnamese population.
Vancouver
[edit]VancouverandRichmond, British Columbiaboth have large Vietnamese populations, including inVancouver's Chinatown.The section ofKingswaybetween Fraser and Kinght streets has been designated Vancouver's Little Saigon since 2013.[38]
Locations in Europe and Australia
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/TTTM_Sapa_20230106_101419.jpg/220px-TTTM_Sapa_20230106_101419.jpg)
Czech Republic
[edit]"Sapa", fully "TTTM Sapa", sometimes simply called "Prague's Hanoi," is a Vietnamese ethnic enclave, trading center, and market inPrague'sLibušandKunraticedistricts.[39]
France
[edit]In southernFrance,a "Little Vietnam" inSainte-Livrade-sur-Lotwhich housed 1,160 Vietnamese refugees in a refugee camp faces demolition after being in existence since 1956. The location has long been in neglect; 120 families still live in shacks, many of whom are third and fourth generations of people affected byWorld War II.[40]
InParis,Vietnamese stores are concentrated in the13th arrondissementand5th arrondissement of Paris.
Germany
[edit]There is a large Vietnamese community inGermany,especially in formerEast Germanywhere the Vietnamese migrant workers first came in the 1970s.Berlinhas the largest Vietnamese community with about 35,000 people of Vietnamese origin. Boroughs ofLichtenbergandMarzahn-Hellersdorfhave the highest numbers of Vietnamese populations which were a part ofEast Berlin.TheDong Xuan Centerin Lichtenberg is the largest Vietnamese market in Germany which offers many things from Vietnam including restaurants, shops, cafes and bars.[41]Other German cities likeLeipzig,ChemnitzandHanoverhave also well known Vietnamese communities.
Australia
[edit]InMelbournethe suburb ofFootscrayhas a large proportion of Vietnamese-Australians, the CBD of Footscray is often nicknamed Little Saigon. Other Vietnamese communities are centered around Springvale Road in Springvale, Victoria Street in Richmond, and St Albans.
InSydney,the suburbsCabramatta,Canley ValeandCanley Heightshave a large number of Vietnamese people, with Cabramatta earning the nickname of 'Little Saigon'.
InAdelaide,Vietnamese businesses are concentrated aroundWoodville,in particular along Hanson Road.
See also
[edit]- Chinatown
- Japantown
- Koreatown
- List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese American populations
- Oh, Saigon
- Overseas Vietnamese(Viet Kieu)
- Saigon
- South Vietnam
- Thien Hau Temple (Los Angeles)
- Vietnamese American
- Vietnamese Australian
- Vietnamese Canadian
References
[edit]- ^Mazumdar, Sanjoy; Shampa Mazumdar; Faye Docuyanan; Colette Marie McLaughlin (December 2000)."Creating a Sense of Place: The Vietnamese-Americans and Little Saigon".Journal of Environmental Psychology.20(4): 319–333.doi:10.1006/jevp.2000.0170.
- ^Lewinnek, Elaine; Arellano, Gustavo; Vo Dang, Thuy (2022).A People's Guide to Orange County.University of California Press. pp. 106–107.
- ^Merrill Balassone (October 23, 2005)."The heart of Little Saigon beats strong".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedJanuary 13,2007.
- ^Quyen Do (May 10, 2008)."A big Little Saigon Star".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedJuly 28,2008.
- ^Andrew Vontz (February 19, 2006)."Hanoi Heart Throbs".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedMarch 11,2007.
- ^"'Little Saigon' official in City Heights ".June 4, 2013.
- ^"Little Saigon to Get Cultural Landmark Sign on I-15 Freeway".
- ^"Signs Point to Little Saigon District: Freeway Signs Recognize Vietnamese Cultural District".
- ^"Vietnamese Community in City Heights Gets Little Saigon Sign off Interstate 15".
- ^abCicero A. Estrella (February 16, 2004)."S.F.'s Little Saigon: Stretch of Larkin Street named for Vietnamese Americans".San Francisco Chronicle.RetrievedJune 23,2007.
- ^Calitoday.comArchivedSeptember 28, 2007, at theWayback Machine
- ^Stockton Boulevard Named 'Little Saigon'[permanent dead link]
- ^Supes OK 'Little Saigon' For Sacramento[permanent dead link]
- ^Commercial Real Estate Forum – CRE News
- ^"Oakland Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce".RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^abcdefRusch, Katey (April 12, 2019)."Vietnamese refugees dream of a" Little Saigon "in East Oakland".Oakland North.UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^abcLyndon, Isabel (September 18, 2019)."Vietnamese Mid-Autumn Festival breathes life into Eastlake park".Oakland North.UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^"About Us".Oakland Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce.RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^"Clinton Square Park".Oakland Wiki.LocalWiki.RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^"GOOD GOOD EATZ".East Bay Asian Local Development Corporation.RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^Thapliyal, Adesh (August 5, 2021)."Back With Good Food and Pokémon Go".KQED.RetrievedJuly 27,2022.
- ^"Little Saigon Business District designated as Vietnamese cultural area in west Denver".The Denver Post.February 18, 2014.RetrievedJune 15,2023.
- ^"Housing Saigon".RetrievedJune 15,2023.
- ^"Saint John Vianney".Archdiocese of Louisville.RetrievedJanuary 14,2023.
- ^"'It's home now': Vietnamese community grows more vibrant in Louisville ".whas11.com.May 24, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 14,2023.
- ^"Culture & Heritage: Asian American".Visit Albuquerque.RetrievedApril 25,2018.
- ^"Tiny Little Saigon in New York".November 5, 2009.
- ^"ZipUSA: 73106 @ National Geographic Magazine".Magma.nationalgeographic.com. Archived fromthe originalon December 3, 2007.RetrievedFebruary 23,2014.
- ^Denny Lee (May 9, 2010)."36 Hours in Houston".New York Times.RetrievedOctober 19,2010.
- ^"Exit Vietnam: Photo shows Vietnamese transformation".Houston Chronicle.August 16, 2008.RetrievedOctober 19,2010.
- ^Kearney, Syd (September 2008).A Marmac Guide to Houston and Galveston.Pelican Publishing. pp. 164–.ISBN978-1-58980-548-4.RetrievedOctober 19,2010.
- ^"City adopts 'Little Saigon'".Houston Business Journal.May 10, 2004.RetrievedOctober 19,2010.
- ^Nancy Sarnoff (November 28, 2004)."Little Saigon tries to carry on / City pushing for ways to give area new life".Houston Chronicle.Archived fromthe originalon June 17, 2009.RetrievedOctober 19,2010.
- ^Vietnamese Yellow Pages in DFW
- ^Echoes of Little Saigon: Protecting and Preserving the Cultural History of the Vietnamese Community in Arlington, Virginia
- ^"Welcome to Little Saigon".March 29, 2017.
- ^"Restaurant review: Mariscos el Barco, a Mexican restaurant in 'Little Saigon' in western Henrico, is a seafood feast fit for royalty".
- ^Thuncher, Jennifer (August 15, 2013)."Kensington-Cedar Cottage: Rebranding of Kingsway area to 'Little Saigon' attracting tourists".Vancouver Courier.RetrievedJanuary 26,2014.
- ^"Sapa: Little Hanoi in Prague".prague.tips.July 9, 2014.RetrievedMay 31,2019.
- ^"FEATURE: 'Little Vietnam' in rural France faces demolition".June 11, 2008.
- ^"Das Zentrum von Little Hanoi".www.dong-xuan-berlin.de.RetrievedSeptember 25,2023.
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-06-me-12402-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-03-12-me-32940-story.html
https://ocweekly.com/new-exhibit-captures-complexities-of-vietnamese-in-orange-county-6477083/
https://voiceofoc.org/2015/09/little-saigon-understands-what-syrian-refugees-are-going-through/
https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/world/2015/09/150914_viet_focus_exhibition_usa
External links
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Little Saigon News
- "The Fall and Rise of Saigon"from theOrange County Register
- Town Hall in Little Saigon(Wednesday, June 25) Interviews with several Orange County Little Saigon community and business leaders onNPR'sKPCC
- Blog about happenings in Little Saigon
- Pictures of Little Saigon in Melbourne
- AsianWeek: Big Plans for Little Saigon—In-depth article on the development of Little Saigon in Orange County, California.
- An Advisory Services Panel Report on Little Saigon—Urban Land Institute