Liu Xun (warlord)
Liu Xun | |
|---|---|
| Lưu huân | |
| General Who Attacks Barbarians ( chinh lỗ tương quân ) (underCao Cao) | |
| In office 199–? | |
| Monarch | Emperor Xian of Han |
| Administrator of Lujiang ( lư giang thái thủ ) (underYuan Shu) | |
| In office 194–? | |
| Monarch | Emperor Xian of Han |
| Preceded by | Lu Kang |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | Unknown |
| Spouses |
|
| Relatives |
|
| Occupation | General, warlord |
| Courtesy name | Zitai ( tử đài ) |
Liu Xun(fl.180s–190s),courtesy nameZitai,was a military general and minor warlord who lived during the lateEastern Han dynastyof China.
Life
[edit]Liu Xun was fromLangya Commandery(Lang tà quận), which is around present-dayLinyi,Shandong.[1]Sometime towards the end of the Zhongping era (184–189) ofEmperor Ling's reign, he served as the Chief (Trường) of Jianping County ( kiến bình huyện; southwest of present-dayXiayi County,Henan) inPei State(Phái quốc). During this time, he met and became an acquaintance ofCao Cao.[2]
Liu Xun later served as a military general under the warlordYuan Shu.In 194, Yuan Shu orderedSun Ce,then serving under him, to lead troops to attack Lujiang Commandery ( lư giang quận; around present-dayLu'an,Anhui) and seize it from its Administrator (Thái thủ),Lu Kang.Although Yuan Shu had promised Sun Ce earlier that he would appoint him as the new Administrator, he broke his promise and appointed Liu Xun as the Administrator after Sun Ce conquered the commandery for him.[3]
In 197, Yuan Shu declared himself emperor of Zhong state ( trọng quốc ) – an act seen as treason against the figureheadEmperor Xianof the Eastern Han dynasty – and sooncame under attackby various warlords such asCao Cao,Lü Buand even his former ally Sun Ce. After Yuan Shu's downfall and death in 199, his relative Yuan Yin (Viên dận) and other surviving members of the Yuan family fled to Wan ( hoàn; or Wancheng hoàn thành; present-dayQianshan County,Anhui) in Lujiang Commandery and took shelter under Liu Xun.
Around 199, Liu Xun had become a minor warlord in the SouthernHuai Riverregion with a sizeable army under his command. Sun Ce, who hadconquered territoriesin theJiangdongregion after leaving Yuan Shu, planned to seize control of Lujiang Commandery from Liu Xun. He sent a messenger to meet Liu Xun and seek his assistance in attacking Shangliao ( thượng liễu; southeast of present-dayXiushui County,Jiangxi). As the messenger brought him gifts and spoke to him in a flattering tone, Liu Xun was so pleased that he readily agreed to help Sun Ce. However,Liu Ye,then an adviser to Liu Xun, cautioned his lord against falling for Sun Ce's ruse. Liu Ye pointed out that Shangliao could not be conquered easily and warned Liu Xun that Sun Ce might take advantage of the situation to attack Lujiang Commandery. Liu Xun ignored Liu Ye's warning and led his troops to attack Shangliao. As Liu Ye foresaw, Sun Ce invaded and seized control of Lujiang Commandery while Liu Xun was away.
After losing Lujiang Commandery, Liu Xun, along with his younger brother and followers, went to join Cao Cao, who had become a warlord and now controlled the Han central government and the figureheadEmperor Xian.Cao Cao recommended the central government to enfeoff Liu Xun as a marquis[4]and appoint him as General Who Attacks Barbarians (Chinh lỗ tương quân).
As Liu Xun was an old acquaintance of Cao Cao, he thought highly of himself and behaved arrogantly. He broke the law on numerous occasions and defamed others. He was arrested and executed for his crimes after one Li Shencheng (Lý thân thành) reported to him to the authorities.[5]
Family
[edit]Liu Xun's first wife was Wang Song (Vương tống). She was captured by Sun Ce's forces when they conquered Lujiang Commandery, but managed to return to her husband later. Although Wang Song had been married to Liu Xun for over 20 years, the couple did not have any children. Liu Xun started to favour his concubine, who was from a certain Sima family inShanyang Commandery( sơn dương quận; in present-dayShandong), and had the intention of divorcing Wang Song and replacing her with his concubine. Wang Song then left Liu Xun. Later, she wrote two poems to describe her feelings (seehere).
Liu Xun had an elder brother who served as the Inspector (Thứ sử) ofYu Provincearound the time he joined Cao Cao. After Liu Xun's brother died of illness, his son Liu Wei (Lưu uy) became the acting Inspector.[6]Liu Wei was removed from office after his uncle Liu Xun was executed for his crimes.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^( ngụy lược viết: Huân tự tử đài, lang tà nhân. )Weilueannotation inSanguozhivol. 12.
- ^( trung bình mạt, vi phái quốc kiến bình trường, dữ thái tổ hữu cựu. )Weilueannotation inSanguozhivol. 12.
- ^( hậu vi lư giang thái thủ,...)Weilueannotation inSanguozhivol. 12.
- ^(... Vi tôn sách sở phá, tự quy thái tổ, phong liệt hầu, toại tòng tại tán ngũ nghị trung. )Weilueannotation inSanguozhivol. 12.
- ^ab( huân tự thị dữ thái tổ hữu túc, nhật kiêu mạn, sổ phạm pháp, hựu phỉ báng. Vi lý thân thành sở bạch, thu trị, tịnh miễn uy quan. )Weilueannotation inSanguozhivol. 12.
- ^( huân huynh vi dự châu thứ sử, bệnh vong. Huynh tử uy, hựu đại tòng chính. )Weilueannotation inSanguozhivol. 12.
- Chen, Shou(3rd century).Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi).
- Ouyang, Xun(624).Yiwen Leiju.
- Pei, Songzhi(5th century).Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi zhu).
- Xu, Ling(6th century).New Songs from the Jade Terrace(Yutai Xinyong).