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Lolo-Burmese languages

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Lolo-Burmese
Geographic
distribution		SouthernChinaandSoutheast Asia
Linguistic classificationSino-Tibetan
Subdivisions
Glottologlolo1265

TheLolo-Burmeselanguages (alsoBurmiclanguages) ofBurmaandSouthern Chinaform a coherent branch of theSino-Tibetan family.

Names[edit]

Until ca. 1950, the endonymLolowas written withderogatory characters in Chinese,and for this reason has sometimes been avoided. Shafer (1966–1974) used the term "Burmic" for the Lolo-Burmese languages. The Chinese term isMian–Yi,after the Chinese name for Burmese and one of several words for Tai, reassigned to replaceLoloby the Chinese government after 1950.[1]

Possible languages[edit]

The position ofNaxi(Moso) within the family is unclear, and it is often left as a third branch besides Loloish and Burmish. Lama (2012) considers it to be a branch of Loloish, whileGuillaume Jacqueshas suggested that it is aQiangiclanguage.

ThePyu languagethat preceded Burmese in Burma is sometimes linked to the Lolo-Burmese family, but there is no good evidence for any particular classification, and it is best left unclassified within Sino-Tibetan.

Löffler (1966) and Bradley (1997) consider theMru languageto be closely related to or part of Lolo-Burmese,[2][3]whileMatisoffincludes Mruic in theNortheast Indianareal group.[4]

ThreeBailangsongs were reportedly recorded in Chinese characters in the 1st century, and survive in quotations from the 7th century. The transmission through Chinese makes interpretation difficult, but most authors believe the language to be Lolo-Burmese or a close relative.[5]

External relationships[edit]

Guillaume Jacques& Alexis Michaud (2011)[6]argue for aBurmo-Qiangicbranch with two primary subbranches, Na-Qiangic(i.e. Naxi-Qiangic) and Lolo-Burmese. Similarly,David Bradley(2008)[7]also proposes anEastern Tibeto-Burmanbranch that includes the two subbranches of Burmic (a.k.a.Lolo-Burmese) and Qiangic.

Internal classification[edit]

Bradley (1997, quoted in Peiros 1997) gives the following classification for the Lolo-Burmese languages. In later publications, in place ofLoloish,David Bradley instead uses the termNgwibased on a conservativeautonymin theSanie language.[8]

Lama (2012), in a study of 36 languages, finds theMondzishcluster (Mondzi–Maang,Mantsi–Mo'ang) to be divergent. He did not include Mru or Ugong.

Lama (2012) recognizes 9 unambiguous coherent groups of Lolo-Burmese languages, whereas Bradley considers there to be 5 groups (Burmish, Southern Ngwi, Northern Ngwi, Southeastern Ngwi, and Central Ngwi).

  1. Mondzish
  2. Burmish
  3. Hanoish
  4. Lahoish
  5. Naxish
  6. Nusoish
  7. Kazhuoish
  8. Lisoish
  9. Nisoish

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Bradley, David (2012)."The Characteristics of the Burmic Family of Tibeto-Burman"(PDF).Language and Linguistics.13(1): 171–192.
  2. ^Löffler, Lorenz G. (1966). "The contribution of Mru to Sino-Tibetan linguistics".Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.116(1): 118–159.JSTOR43369896.
  3. ^Bradley, David (1997)."Tibeto-Burman languages and classification"(PDF).Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics.Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 1–71.
  4. ^Matisoff, James A. (2003).Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction.Berkeley:University of California Press.p. 6.ISBN978-0-520-09843-5.
  5. ^Coblin, W. South(1979),"A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs"(PDF),Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies,12:179–216.
  6. ^Jacques, Guillaume; Michaud, Alexis (2011)."Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages".Diachronica.28:468–498.doi:10.1075/dia.28.4.02jac.additional.
  7. ^Bradley, David. 2008.The Position of Namuyi in Tibeto-Burman.
  8. ^Bradley, David (2005). "Sanie and language loss in China".International Journal of the Sociology of Language.2005(173): 159–176.doi:10.1515/ijsl.2005.2005.173.159.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Bradley, David (1997)."Tibeto-Burman languages and classification"(PDF).Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics.Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 1–71.
  • Bradley, David (2012)."The Characteristics of the Burmic Family of Tibeto-Burman"(PDF).Language and Linguistics.13(1): 171–192.
  • van Driem, George (2001).Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.Brill.ISBN978-90-04-12062-4.
  • Huang, Bufan [ hoàng bố phàm ], ed. (1992).A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon(TBL) [ tàng miến ngữ tộc ngữ ngôn từ hối ]. Beijing: Minzu University Press [ trung ương dân tộc học viện xuất bản xã ].
  • Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012).Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages(PhD thesis). University of Texas at Arlington.hdl:10106/11161.
  • Satterthwaite-Phillips, Damian. 2011.Phylogenetic inference of the Tibeto-Burman languages or On the usefulness of lexicostatistics (and "Megalo" -comparison) for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman.Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.
  • Thurgood, Graham (1974)."Lolo–Burmese rhymes".Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area.1(1): 98–107.doi:10.15144/LTBA-1.1.98.
  • Yunnan Province Geography Gazetteer Committee [ vân nam tỉnh địa phương chí biên toản ủy viên hội ] (1998).Yunnan Province Gazetteer, volume 59: ethnic minority languages and orthographies gazetteer[ vân nam tỉnh chí quyển 59: Thiếu sổ dân tộc ngữ ngôn văn tự chí ]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [ vân nam nhân dân xuất bản xã ].
  • Zangmian yuyin he cihui(ZMYYC) [ tàng miến ngữ ngữ âm hòa từ hối ] (1991). Beijing: Social Sciences Press [ trung quốc xã hội khoa học xuất bản xã ].
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