Louis Guttman
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(January 2021) |
Louis (Eliyahu) Guttman | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 10, 1916 |
| Died | October 25, 1987(aged 71) Minneapolis,Minnesota,U.S. |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Social statistics |
| Institutions | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
Louis (Eliyahu) Guttman(February 10, 1916 – October 25, 1987;Hebrew:לואיס (אליהו) גוטמן) was an Americansociologistand Professor of Social and Psychological Assessment at theHebrew University of Jerusalem,known primarily for his work insocial statistics.[1]
Biography
[edit]Guttman was born inNew York Cityon February 10, 1916 and grew up in the Jewish community ofMinneapolis, Minnesota.Guttman received both his BA in 1936 and MA in 1939 at theUniversity of Minnesota,and his PhD in Social and Psychological Measurement in 1942.
From 1941 to 1947 Guttman was professor of sociology atCornell University,while as part of the World War II effort, he also served as an Expert Consultant to the US Army's Research Branch. In 1947 Guttman and his wife Ruth emigrated toPalestine.
He founded and was the scientific director of the Israel Institute of Applied Social Research, later renamed the Guttman Institute before finally becoming theGuttman Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research.[citation needed]
He was member of theIsrael Academy of Sciences and Humanities,and foreign Honorary member of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciencesand President of thePsychometric Society.In 1956 he was elected a Fellow at theCenter for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.In 1962 he received theRothschild Prize.The development of scaling theory by Louis Guttman andClyde Coombshas been recognized byScienceas one of 62 major advances in the social sciences in the period 1900-1965.[2]Other awards were:
- 1974 Regents of theUniversity of Minnesota- Outstanding Achievement Award
- 1978Israel Prizein thesocial sciences[3]
- 1984 Educational Testing Service Measurement Award fromPrinceton University.
Guttman died on October 25, 1987, while on sabbatical in Minneapolis.
Work
[edit]Guttman research interests were in the fields ofscaleandfactor analysis,multidimensional scalingandfacet theory.[4]His mathematical and philosophical treatments of Factor analysis are among the important parts of his scientific legacy.
His earlier work in scaling analysis produced what has become to be known as theGuttman scale.[5]Later, searching for a more flexible scaling scheme, Guttman exploredPartial Order Scalogram Analysis (POSA)and applied it in empirical studies. Notably, Guttman first proved several fundamental theorems in matrix algebra, as discussed in papers by Hubert, Meulman and Heiser (2000)[6]and Takane and Yanai (2005). Several of Guttman's contributions, such asSmallest Space Analysis(SSA), have been incorporated into computer packages.
Guttman was described[by whom?]as a brilliant innovator who "saw theory in method and method in theory", was "informed by high sophistication in mathematics, statistics, sociology and psychology", and one who "made a major contribution to democratic policy-making in the new state" and "was concerned with the 'well-being' of individuals, groups and society".[7][verification needed]
Publications
[edit]Guttman published in numerous journals and books, including over 300 pages inPsychometrika.Many of his papers are still quoted in the scientific literature as being relevant and important to current statistical and mathematical advances.
His innovative methodological work on attitudes was published in the 4th volume of Studies in Social Psychology in World War II (more popularly calledThe American Soldierseries, after the title of the first two volumes).
References
[edit]- ^Shye, S. (1997). "Guttman, Louis". In Johnson, Norman L.; Kotz, Samuel (eds.).Leading Personalities in Statistical Sciences.New York: Wiley. pp. 112–117.ISBN0-471-16381-3.
- ^Deutsch, K.W., Platt, J. & Sengham, D. (1971). Conditions favoring major advances in social sciences.Science05 Feb 1971: Vol. 171, Issue 3970, pp. 450-459.doi:10.1126/science.171.3970.450
- ^"Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1978 (in Hebrew)".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-16.
- ^Shye, S. (1999). "Facet Theory". In Kotz, S. (ed.).Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences Update Vol. 3.New York: Wiley. pp. 231–239.ISBN0-471-23883-X.
- ^Stouffer, S.A., Guttman, L., Suchman, E.A., Lazarsfeld, P.F., Star, S.A., Clausen, J.A. (1950)Measurement and PredictionPrinceton University Press
- ^Lawrence J. Hubert, Phipps Arabie,Jacqueline Meulman(2001).Combinatorial Data Analysis: Optimization by Dynamic Programming.SIAM.ISBN978-0898714784.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^(from a posthumous award ceremony by the World Association of Public Opinion Research, 1988)
Further reading
[edit]- Lingoes, James C.; Tucker, Ledyard R.; Shye, Samuel (June 1988). "Louis E. Guttman (1916–1987)".Psychometrika.53(2): 153–159.doi:10.1007/BF02294129.hdl:2027.42/45742.
- Shye, Samuel (March 1988). "Louis Guttman 1916-1987".Applied Psychological Measurement.12(1): 1–4.doi:10.1177/014662168801200101.
External links
[edit]| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
- American emigrants to Israel
- American Zionists
- Israeli mathematicians
- Israeli scientists
- 20th-century Israeli Jews
- Jewish American social scientists
- University of Minnesota alumni
- Cornell University faculty
- Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Israel Prize in social sciences recipients
- Fellows of the American Statistical Association
- Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
- Scientists from New York City
- 1916 births
- 1987 deaths
- 20th-century American mathematicians
- Mathematicians from New York (state)
- 20th-century American Jews
- Burials at Har HaMenuchot