Lubsko
Lubsko | |
|---|---|
 Lubsko castle | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Lubsko Location of Lubsko in Lubusz Voivodeship##Location of Lubsko in Poland | |
| Coordinates:51°47′N14°58′E/ 51.783°N 14.967°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Lubusz |
| County | Żary |
| Gmina | Lubsko |
| Established | before 1258 |
| Town rights | 1283 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Janusz Dudojć |
| Area | |
| • Total | 12.56 km2(4.85 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 122 m (400 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 65 m (213 ft) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
| • Total | 13,921 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2(2,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Postal code | 68-300 |
| Area code | +48 68 |
| Car plates | FZA |
| Climate | Cfb |
| Website | https://lubsko.pl |
Lubsko[ˈlupskɔ](German:Sommerfeld,Lower Sorbian:Žemŕ), formerlyZemsz,is a town inŻary Countyin theLubusz Voivodeshipin westernPoland.It is the administrative seat of theGmina Lubskoand has a population of 13,921 (2019).
History
[edit]
In theearly Middle Agesthere was aWest Slavicor Lechiticstrongholdhere, followed by a market settlement on the border betweenPolandandLusatia.[2]Probably its oldest name wasŻemrje.[3]It is located withinLower Lusatia,but at some times it also belonged toSilesia,e.g. under the Polish rulersBolesław the BraveandHenry the Bearded.[3]The town was first documented in 1258 and receivedtown privilegesby theLusatianmargraveHenry III of Wettinin 1283. The nameSommerfeld,German for "summer field", already appeared in an 1106 deed allegedly issued by margraveHenry I of Wettin,who nevertheless had died three years before. TheWettinmargraves sold the town toBrandenburgin 1304. Given in pawn several times, EmperorCharles IV of Luxembourgfinally granted Sommerfeld with Lower Lusatia to theSilesian PiastdukeBolko II the Small.In 1364, Bolko II granted newprivilegesto the town.[4]After Bolko's death in 1368 it was seized as a reverted fief by theBohemian (Czech) Crown.In 1411, Czech KingWenceslaus IVgranted the town theprivilegeof minting coins.[5]In 1429, theHussitesinvaded the town.[5]During the war of the succession of theDuchy of Głogów,the town returned under Polish rule and in 1464 it paid homage and swore allegiance to Piast DukeJohn II the Mad.[6]
When the Brandenburg ElectorAlbert III Achilles of Hohenzollernacquired the nearbySilesiantowns ofKrossen(Krosno Odrzańskie) andZüllichau(Sulechów) in 1482, the adjacent Sommerfeld area too came into the possession of Brandenburg and was incorporated into theNeumarkdistrict. At the time, the town and the surrounding area were inhabited mainly by SlavonicSorbs.[3]In 1496 and 1597 the town suffered from fires, and in 1527 1,100 inhabitants died of an epidemic.[5]During theNapoleonic WarsandPolish national liberation fightsin February 1813, Polishuhlansquartered in the town.[5]From 1816 on the town belonged to thePrussianProvince of Brandenburg.In 1846 Sommerfeld received a station on therailway lineconnectingBerlinwithBreslau (Wrocław).From 1871 to 1945 the town was part of Germany.
DuringWorld War II,the Germans established sevenforced labourcamps in the town.[2]The town was captured by the Soviets in February 1945, and in June it was handed over to Poland in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement.[5]During the war the town miraculously survived from any severe destruction and artillery fire, thus its medieval Old Town and Market Square are preserved to this day.[3]In the years that followed World War II the remaining inhabitants of Sommerfeld were graduallyexpelledand the town was resettled with ethnicPoles,expelled from the pre-war PolishEastern Borderlands,annexed by theSoviet Union.Initially, the new Polish administrative name wasZemsz,however, it was later changed to Lubsko for unknown reasons. The name Zemsz is still used by some locals and historians alongside the current one.
In 1947 the "Patria" cinema, and in 1964 the Lubsko Culture House was opened.[5]
Sights
[edit]
The historic landmarks of Lubsko are:
- the Lubsko Castle
- theGothicChurch of the Visitation
- the Żary Gate Tower (Wieża Bramy Żarskiej), a remnant of medieval town fortifications
- theRenaissancetown hall
Notable people
[edit]- Carl Friedrich Warnstorf(1837–1921), German educator and bryologist
- Carl Herman Unthan(1848–1949), German violinist
- The lastGermanEmpressAugusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holsteinwas born in Dolzig Palace (Dłużek, part of modern Lubsko) in 1858.
- The neurologistAlfred Goldscheiderwas born in Sommerfeld in the same year.
- Gerhard Domagkattended school in Sommerfeld until he was 14; the scientist would later win theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinein 1939.
- The actressJoanna Brodzikattended elementary school in Lubsko in the 1980s.
- Polish singerEwelina Flintawas born in Lubsko.
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]Seetwin towns of Gmina Lubsko.
References
[edit]- ^"Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June".stat.gov.pl.Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15.Retrieved2020-05-12.
- ^ab"Lubsko".Encyklopedia PWN(in Polish).Retrieved13 October2019.
- ^abcd"Historia miasta".Lubsko(in Polish).Retrieved30 April2019.
- ^Krystyna Pieradzka,Historyczny rozwój zachodniej granicy Dolnego Śląska do początku czasów nowożytnych,"Przegląd Zachodni", No. 7-8/1948, p. 63 (in Polish)
- ^abcdef"Kalendarium Lubska".Lubsko(in Polish).Retrieved13 October2019.
- ^Pieradzka,Op. cit.,p. 64
External links
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