Luce–Celler Act

Luce–Celler Act
Citations
Public law	Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States)79–483
Statutes at Large	60Stat.416
Legislative history
	Signed into lawby PresidentHarry Trumanon July 2, 1946;

TheLuce–Celler Actof 1946, Pub. L. No. 79-483, 60 Stat. 416, is an Act of theUnited States Congresswhich provided a quota of 100Filipinos^[2]and 100Indiansfrom Asia to immigrate to the United States per year,^[3]which for the first time allowed these people tonaturalizeasAmerican citizens.^[4]^[5]Upon becoming citizens, these new Americans could own property under their names and even petition for their immediate family members from abroad.^[6]

The Act was proposed by RepublicanClare Boothe Luceand DemocratEmanuel Cellerin 1943 and signed into law by US PresidentHarry S. Trumanon July 2, 1946, two days before thePhilippinesbecame independent with the signing of theTreaty of Manilaon July 4, 1946. Because of the imminent independence of the Philippines, Filipinos would have beenbarredfrom immigrating without the Act.^[7]

Prior to 1946,Indiannationals were not eligible to naturalize in the United States.^[8]^[9]They were also not allowed to obtain any form of permanent residency, a legal status introduced later under theImmigration and Nationality Act of 1952.

References

^"PBS - Roots in the Sand - the Archives".PBS.
^Bayor, Ronald (2011).Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans.ABC-CLIO.p. 714.ISBN 978-0-313-35786-2.Retrieved7 February2011.
^Bayor, Ronald (2011).Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans.ABC-CLIO.p. 969.ISBN 978-0-313-35786-2.Retrieved7 February2011.
^"The US has come a long way since its first, highly restrictive naturalization law".Public Radio International.July 4, 2016.Retrieved2020-07-31.
^Okihiro, Gary Y.(2005).The Columbia Guide to Asian American History.New York:Columbia University Press.p. 24.ISBN 978-0-231-11511-7.Retrieved7 February2011.
^Mabalon, Dawn B.; Rico Reyes (2008).Filipinos in Stockton.Arcadia Publishing. p. 8.ISBN 978-0-7385-5624-6.Retrieved7 February2012.
^Trinh Võ, Linda (2004).Mobilizing an Asian American community.Philadelphia:Temple University Press.pp. 20–21.ISBN 978-1-59213-262-1.Retrieved7 February2012.The Philippines was granted independence in 1946, and Filipinos, then barred from immigration along with individuals from other countries in the "Eastern Hemisphere," were allotted 100 immigration slots (Yu 1980).
^SeeUnited States v. Bhagat Singh Thind;"In the Matter of K".Board of Immigration Appeals(BIA).Casetext.com. May 26, 1945.Retrieved2019-10-12.
^Huping Ling; Allan W. Austin (17 March 2015).Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia.Taylor & Francis. p. 1111.ISBN 978-1-317-47644-3.
Kathryn Gin Lum; Paul Harvey (1 March 2018).The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History.Oxford University Press. p. 449.ISBN 978-0-19-022118-8.

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[1] "PBS - Roots in the Sand - the Archives".PBS.

[2] Bayor, Ronald (2011).Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans.ABC-CLIO.p. 714.ISBN 978-0-313-35786-2.Retrieved7 February2011.

[3] Bayor, Ronald (2011).Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans.ABC-CLIO.p. 969.ISBN 978-0-313-35786-2.Retrieved7 February2011.

[4] "The US has come a long way since its first, highly restrictive naturalization law".Public Radio International.July 4, 2016.Retrieved2020-07-31.

[5] Okihiro, Gary Y.(2005).The Columbia Guide to Asian American History.New York:Columbia University Press.p. 24.ISBN 978-0-231-11511-7.Retrieved7 February2011.

[6] Mabalon, Dawn B.; Rico Reyes (2008).Filipinos in Stockton.Arcadia Publishing. p. 8.ISBN 978-0-7385-5624-6.Retrieved7 February2012.

[7] Trinh Võ, Linda (2004).Mobilizing an Asian American community.Philadelphia:Temple University Press.pp. 20–21.ISBN 978-1-59213-262-1.Retrieved7 February2012.The Philippines was granted independence in 1946, and Filipinos, then barred from immigration along with individuals from other countries in the "Eastern Hemisphere," were allotted 100 immigration slots (Yu 1980).

[8] SeeUnited States v. Bhagat Singh Thind;"In the Matter of K".Board of Immigration Appeals(BIA).Casetext.com. May 26, 1945.Retrieved2019-10-12.

[9] Huping Ling; Allan W. Austin (17 March 2015).Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia.Taylor & Francis. p. 1111.ISBN 978-1-317-47644-3.
Kathryn Gin Lum; Paul Harvey (1 March 2018).The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History.Oxford University Press. p. 449.ISBN 978-0-19-022118-8.

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See also

References