Lustre (treaty)
Lustreis thecodenameof asecret treatysigned byFranceand theFive Eyes(FVEY) for cooperation insignals intelligenceand for mutual data exchange between their respectiveintelligence agencies.Its existence was revealed during the 2013global surveillance disclosurebased on documents leaked by the former NSA contractorEdward Snowden.[1][2][3][4]
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Historical background[edit]
TheDirectorate-General for External Security(DGSE) of France maintains a close relationship with both the NSA and the GCHQ after discussions for increased cooperation began in November 2006.[5]By the early 2010s, the extent of cooperation in the joint interception of digital data by the DGSE and the NSA was noted to have increased dramatically.[5][6]
In 2011, a formalmemorandumfor data exchange was signed by the DGSE and the NSA, which facilitated the transfer of millions ofmetadatarecords from the DGSE to the NSA.[1]In 2013, the existence of the Lustre treaty was revealed in documents leaked by the former NSA contractorEdward Snowden.[1]
Signatories[edit]
Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure(DGSE) of France[1][2][3][4]
Defence Signals Directorate(DSD) of Australia
Communications Security Establishmentof Canada (CSEC)
Government Communications Security Bureau(GCSB) of New Zealand
Government Communications Headquarters(GCHQ) of the United Kingdom
National Security Agency(NSA) of the United States[1][2][3][4]
Scale of surveillance[edit]
The French telecommunications corporationOrange S.A.shares customer call data with the French intelligence agency DGSE, and the intercepted data is handed over to GCHQ.[7]
From December 2012 to 8 January 2013, over 70 millionmetadatarecords were handed over to the NSA by French intelligence agencies.[1]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abcdefJacques Follorou (2013-10-30)."Surveillance: la DGSE a transmis des données à la NSA américaine".Le Monde(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2013-11-01.Retrieved2014-03-22.
- ^abcLe Parisien (2013-10-29)."Espionnage: la France aurait collaboré avec la NSA".Le Parisien(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-05-02.Retrieved2014-03-22.
- ^abcGuillaume Champeau (2013-10-28)."Lustre: la France aurait coopéré avec la NSA".Numerama(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-09.Retrieved2014-03-22.
- ^abcZDNet.fr (2013-10-28)."Espionnage: la France perd son Lustre".ZDNet - France(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-20.Retrieved2014-03-22.
- ^abJacques Follorou (2013-11-29)."La France, précieux partenaire de l'espionnage de la NSA".Le Monde(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2013-11-30.Retrieved2014-03-22.
- ^Radio France Internationale (2013-11-29)."Espionnage: les services secrets français précieux partenaires de la NSA américaine".Radio France Internationale(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2024-05-27.Retrieved2014-03-22.
- ^Jacques Follorou (2014-03-20)."Espionnage: comment Orange et les services secrets coopèrent".Le Monde(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-03-20.Retrieved2014-03-20.