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Lyal S. Sunga

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Lyal S. Sungais a well-known specialist oninternational human rights law,international humanitarian lawandinternational criminal law.[1]

Photo of Lyal S. Sunga, Former Investigator, UN Security Council

Career[edit]

Lyal S. Sunga is adjunct professor atJohn Cabot UniversityinRome,Italywhere he teaches courses onInternational Criminal Law,Human Rights,TerrorismandCounter-Terrorism,Public International Law,andGenocideat Masters and undergraduate levels.[1]He is also Affiliated Professor at theRaoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian LawinLund University,Sweden.[2]Previously, he served as visiting professor inPeace StudiesandInternational Relationsand Global Politics atThe American University of Rome,[3]visiting professor at theStrathmore UniversitySchool of Law[4]inNairobi,Kenya,and RWI visiting professor and doctoral supervisor atAddis Ababa UniversityinEthiopia,[2]and in 2006 he taught a human rights masters course at thePeking University Law SchoolinBeijing,Chinaat a time when there were few if any other such masters programs being offered in mainland China. In addition, Sunga has been a Lecturer, Senior Lecturer or Visiting Professor in faculties of law atMcGill University,Carleton University,Helsinki University,Padjadjaran University,University of Geneva,[5]and from 2001 to 2005, he served as Associate Professor at theUniversity of Hong KongFaculty of Law and Director of the Master of Laws in Human Rights.[6]In 2014, Sunga developed a human rights masters curriculum for nine universities inRussiaand trained professors from these institutions at thePatrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of RussiainMoscow.From 2015 to 2021, Sunga gave masters-level human rights classes in UN-sponsored summer programs atKazan Federal University,[7]Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia,Perm State University,[8]Voronezh State University[9]andUral State Law UniversityinYekaterinburg.[10]Sunga has also given lectures on international law and human rights in 2008, 2009 and 2012 inMinsk,Belarus,atBelarus State University,theBelarusian National Technical UniversityandBelarus State Economic University.[5]He has also provided extensive training and lectures to academics, civil servants and NGO personnel onhuman rightsinarmed conflictandinternational humanitarian lawinKyiv,Ukrainein May and August 2006 atTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyivand withcivil society organizationsin September 2015 and May 2016.[11]Sunga has conducted training for judges, prosecutors and criminal justice personnel inArmenia,Azerbaijan,China,Ethiopia,France,Indonesia,Kenya,Laos,Morocco,The Netherlands,SwedenandUzbekistan,[12]and lectures, training and capacity building on monitoring, investigation and reporting inArmenia,Azerbaijan,Bangladesh,Cambodia,China,Ethiopia,France,Kenya,Indonesia,Italy,Laos,Morocco,The Netherlands,Russia,Rwanda,Sweden,Switzerland,Tanzania,Turkey,United Kingdom,United States,andUzbekistan.[13]

In late August 1994, theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human RightsJosé Ayala Lassocalled upon Sunga to bolster theUN Security Council's investigations into the massive violations ofhuman rightsandInternational humanitarian lawperpetrated during the 1994Rwandan genocide.[14]He served as Human Rights Officer in theUnited Nationsas a staff member from 1994 to 2001, working mainly on problems relating to serious human rights and humanitarian law violations,genocide,war crimesandcrimes against humanity,terrorismandcounter-terrorism,[15]and on practical issues involving war and recovery from post-conflict situations throughfact-finding,[16]monitoring, investigation and reporting. Since leaving the UN as a staff member, Sunga has served as expert consultant for theOffice of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,United Nations University,United Nations Development Program,[17]International Labour Organization,United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,European Union,Council of Europe,International Development Law Organization,andNational Human Rights CommissionsinBangladesh,Ethiopia,Nepal,Nigeria,Russia,TurkeyandUganda.[18]In May 2012, he launched a major study on the role ofnational human rights institutionsin federal States which he prepared for theOffice of the UN High Commissioner for Human RightsinMoscowat a conference with representatives of more than 60 national human rights institutions of theRussian Federation.[18]He is also a former Head of the Rule of Law program atThe Hague Institute for Global Justicein theNetherlands,[19]and former Special Advisor on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at theInternational Development Law Organizationin Rome,Italy.[20]

Sunga holds aBachelor of ArtsfromCarleton University,aBachelor of LawsfromOsgoode Hall Law School,aMaster of Lawsin International Human Rights Law from theUniversity of Essexand aPh.D.in International Law from theGraduate Institute of International Studies.Before joining theRaoul WallenbergInstitute he was a member of the faculty at theUniversity of Hong Kongwhere he taught classes inlawand served as Director of the Master of Laws Program in Human Rights (2001–2005).[21]He has given university courses, lectures, training or conference presentations in approximately 55 countries.[22]Sunga's work has been published in numerous scholarlyacademic journalsand he has authored two influential books oninternational criminal law.[23]He has given lectures and moderated panels at theUnited Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,[24]theInternational Criminal Court,[25]theT.M.C. Asser Instituut,[26]theGraduate Institute of International and Development Studies[27]andThe Hague Institute for Global Justice,among other places.[24]

From 1994 to 2001 Sunga worked for theUnited NationsOffice of theHigh Commissioner for Human RightsinGeneva,first to investigate facts and responsibilities relating to the 1994genocideinRwandafor theUN Security Council's Commission of Experts on Rwanda, to draft the Commission's report recommending the establishment of theInternational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,and then on the establishment and operation of the UN Human Rights Field Operation inRwanda.[14]He also has practical experience and expertise relating to theInternational Criminal Courtincluding having served asOHCHRrepresentative to the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court[28]that adopted theRome Statute of the International Criminal Court,onterrorism,redressfor violations of international human rights and humanitarian law,impunity,thedeath penalty,human rights defenders,the administration ofjustice,the role of UN special procedures and human rights NGOs in fact-finding,[29]and on the relation between national truth and reconciliation commissions and criminal prosecutions. In February 2001, he served as Secretary for the Asian Regional Preparatory Conference convened inTehran,Iranthat preceded theWorld Conference against Racism 2001inDurban,South Africa.[30]

From September to December 2007 Sunga took leave from the Raoul Wallenberg Institute to act as Geneva-based coordinator of theUN Human Rights Council's Group of Experts onDarfur,mandated to assess the Government of theSudan's implementation of UN recommendations concerning serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law committed during thewar in Darfur.[31]

Sunga has commented on breaking news stories forVoice of America,[32]CNNaffiliateN1in Sarajevo,[33]PBS,[34]China Global Television Network,[19]The Guardian,[35]Indus News,[36]Metro International,[37]Legal Talk Network,[38]Australian Broadcasting Corporation,[39]New Delhi TV,[40]South China Morning Post,[41]RT,[36]Agence France-Presse,TV5 Monde,[42]O Estado de S. Paulo,[43]Estado de Minas,[44]Business Standard,[45]El Periódico de Catalunya,[46]Hindustan Times[47]and others.[36]He also contributed to the discussion ofICTYrulings related to theSrebrenica Massacre,in hisreviewofYugoslavia: Peace, War, and Dissolution,edited book byNoam ChomskyandDavor Džalto.

Published works[23][edit]

Books[edit]

  • The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation, Kluwer (1997) 508 p.
  • Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations, Nijhoff (1992) 252 p.

Book sections[edit]

  • Redress for Victims ofTerroristActs in a Deteriorating International Political Climate, co-authored with Ilaria Bottigliero, in Research Handbook on Int’l Law and Terrorism, (ed. Ben Saul), Elgar Publishers (2020) 479-491.
  • Review ofNoam Chomsky,Yugoslavia:Peace,War& Dissolution,Davor Džalto(ed.), PM Press, Oakland, (2018)in 30(3) Philosophy & Society (Filozofija i Društvo) (2019):433-442.
  • CanHuman RightsNGOsBe Trusted in the Corridors of theUnited Nationsand International Criminal Justice Institutions?, in Partnerships in International Policy-Making, Palgrave (2017) 107-129.
  • Has theICCUnfairly TargetedAfricaor HasAfricaUnfairly Targeted theICC?, in The ICC in Search of Its Purpose and Identity, Routledge (2015) 147-173.
  • Victims' Redress amidstTerrorism’s Changing Tactics and Strategies, in Research Handbook on Terrorism and International Law, Elgar Publications, (co-authored with Ilaria Bottigliero) (2014) 538-552.
  • Can international criminal investigators and prosecutors afford to ignore information from UN human rights sources? in Bergsmo (ed.) Quality Control in International Fact-Finding (2013) 359-401.
  • The Human Rights Council, in An Institutional Approach to Responsibility to Protect: Cambridge (2013) 156-178.
  • Humanitarian Space in theArab Spring,in Humanitarian Space: Webster University (2011) 282-320.
  • What Should Be theUN Human Rights Council’s Role in Investigating Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity? in New Challenges for the UN Human Rights Machinery (2011) 319-349.
  • What MakesDemocracyGood? in "Making Peoples Heard", Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (2011) 81-98.
  • Does the Concept of 'Human Security' Add Anything of Value to International Legal Theory or Practice? in “Power and Justice in International Relations” Ashgate (2009) 131–146.
  • What Effect If Any Will theUN Human Rights CouncilHave on Special Procedures? in International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms (2nd ed.)(2009)169–183.
  • Ten Principles for ReconcilingTruth Commissionsand Criminal Prosecutions, in The Legal Regime of the ICC, Brill (2009) 1071–1104.
  • IsHumanitarian InterventionLegal?, on “e-international relations website” 13 October 2008.
  • Dilemmas ofNGOInvolvement in Coalition-OccupiedIraq,in Bell and Coicaud, Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations,United Nations University(2007) 99–116.
  • The Role ofHumanitarian InterventioninInternational Peace and Security:Guarantee or Threat? Int’l Progress Organization & Google Books (2006) 41–79.
  • NGO Involvement in International Human Rights Monitoring, in International Human Rights Law andNon-Governmental Organizations,Bruylant (2005) 41–69.
  • International Criminal LawProtection of Minority Rights, in Skurbaty (ed), Beyond a One-Dimensional State: An Emerging Right toAutonomy?Brill (2004).
  • Independence and Fairness of the ICC, in Study on Major Issues Relating to theInternational Criminal Court(People's Court Press) (2003) 24–30 (in Putonghua).
  • USAnti-TerrorismPolicy and Asia's Options, in Johannen, Smith and Gomez, (eds.) September 11 & Political Freedoms: Asian Perspectives (Select) (2002) 242–264.
  • Full Respect for the Rights of Suspect, Accused and Convict: fromNurembergandTokyoto the ICC, in Henzelin and Roth (eds), Le droit pénal à l’épreuve de l’internationalisation, (Bruylant) (2002) 217–239.
  • The Special Procedures of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights: Should They Be Scrapped?, in Alfredsson (ed), International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms (Kluwer) (2001) 231–275.
  • A Competência Ratione Materiae da Corte Internacional Criminal: Arts. 5 a 10 Do Estatuto de Roma, in Ambos and Choukr (eds.) Tribunal Penal Internacional (Editora RT) (2000) 191 – 219 (in Portuguese).
  • La Jurisdicción ratione materiae de la Corte Penal Internacional (parte II, arts. 5° a 10°), in Ambos (eds.) El Estatuto de Roma: de la Corte Penal Internacional (Universidad externado de Colombia) (1999) 233–268 (in Spanish).

Law journal articles[edit]

  • Two Years On, Why Hasn't Anyone Been Prosecuted for DomesticTerrorismfor theJanuary 6, 2021Capitol Attack? International Affairs Forum (2023) 50-60.
  • Чи вбʼє війна Росії верховенство права в Україні та Європі?,Verfassungsblog(Dec 2022) (in Ukrainian).
  • WillRussia’s War Kill theRule of LawinUkraineand Europe?,Verfassungsblog(Dec 2022).
  • WhySwedenandFinlandare right to seek to joinNATO,Australian Broadcasting Corp.(July 2022).
  • CanWar Crimes TrialsinUkraineConvince Russians to Stop Supporting the War? Opinio Juris (June 2022).
  • How Should UN Standards Guide International Judicial Training in Post-Conflict Situations?: Personal Reflections Twenty Years after theRwandan genocide,2 Int’l Org. for Judicial Training (2014).
  • DoesClimate Changeworsen Resource Scarcity and Cause Violent Ethnic Conflict? 21 International Journal of Minority and Group Rights (2014) 1-24.
  • Commentary on Judgement of theICTR's Case of Prosecutor v. Zigiranyirazo, 32 Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals (2011) 240-258.
  • Does Climate Change Kill People inDarfur?2(1) Journal of Human Rights and the Environment (March 2011) 64-85.
  • How Can UN Human Rights Special Procedures SharpenICCFact-Finding? 15(2) The International Journal of Human Rights (2011) 187-204.
  • Introduction to the “Lund Statement to theUnited Nations Human Rights Councilon the Human Rights Special Procedures” 76 Nordic Journal of International Law (2007) 1–20.
  • TheKordicand Cerkez Trial Chamber Judgment: A Comment on the Main Legal Issues 7 Series of Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals (2004) 490–511.
  • The International Community's Recognition of Certain Acts as ‘Crimes under International Law’, International Review of Penal Law (Erès) Proceedings of the International Conference held in Siracusa, Italy, 28 November – 3 December 2002, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of ISISC (2004) 303–315.
  • Can International Humanitarian Law Play an Effective Role in OccupiedIraq?3 Indian Society of International Law Yearbook of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law (2003) 1–21.
  • Musings on ‘The Future of International Criminal Justice’, (Review Article) 11(2) Asia Pacific Law Review (2003) 217–232.
  • Will theInternational Criminal Courtbe Fair and Impartial?, 2 (1) Article 2 (February 2003) 9–20.
  • The Attitude of Asian Countries Towards theInternational Criminal Court,2 Indian Society of International Law Yearbook of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law (2002) 18–57.
  • The United Nations System for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights with Special Reference toSouth Koreaand the NewNational Human Rights Commission,4 Sang Saeng (Summer 2002) 45–50.
  • TheCelebiciCase: A Comment on the Main Legal Issues in the ICTY's Trial Chamber Judgement, 13 Leiden Journal of International Law (2000) 105–138.
  • The Crimes within the Jurisdiction of theInternational Criminal Court:(Part II, Articles 5 – 10), 6/4 European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice (1998) 377–399.
  • The First Indictments of theICTR,18 Human Rights Law Journal (1997) 329–340.
  • The Comm’n of Experts onRwandaand Creation of the ICTR 16 Human Rights Law Journal (1995) 121–124.

Selected reports for the United Nations, European Union, International Development Law Organization and National Human Rights Institutions[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abJohn Cabot University (2019-09-26)."Championing Human Rights: Meet Professor Lyal S. Sunga".John Cabot University News.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  2. ^ab"Lyal S. Sunga".The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law.2016-05-13.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  3. ^"The American University of Rome appoints acclaimed Human Rights expert Dr. Lyal S. Sunga".The American University of Rome.2017-10-06.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  4. ^"Strathmore University School of Law".
  5. ^ab"University Teaching and Curricular Development".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  6. ^"University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law"(PDF).
  7. ^"VIII Международная летняя школа Права человека для новых поколений \Международная деятельность - Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет".kpfu.ru.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  8. ^"Лаял С. Санга".VII Летняя школа по правам человека(in Russian).Retrieved2024-06-09.
  9. ^Lyal Sunga (2017-11-19).2017 June 29 Interview of Lyal S Sunga at Ural State Law University in Yekaterinburg Russia.Retrieved2024-06-09– via YouTube.
  10. ^"V Summer School on Human Rights (2017)".riuc.ru.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  11. ^"International Training and Capacity Building".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  12. ^"Judicial Training and Training of Prosecutors".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-10.
  13. ^"Monitoring, Investigation and Reporting".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-10.
  14. ^ab"ICTR".voicesofthetribunal.org.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  15. ^"Can international law meet the challenges of today's lawless conflicts?".The Guardian.2015-11-14.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  16. ^"Dr. Lyal S. Sunga - How Can UN Human Rights Fact-Finding Sharpen Intl Criminal Prosecutions".
  17. ^"Professor Lyal S. Sunga Is Lead Expert for Major UN Report, 8 November 2021".
  18. ^ab"National Human Rights Institutions".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  19. ^abLyal Sunga (2022-02-16).2015 Oct 10 Lyal Sunga Comment on US Bombing of Kunduz Hospital for China Central Television (CCTV).Retrieved2024-06-09– via YouTube.
  20. ^"A Critical Appraisal of Laws Relating to Sexual Offences in Bangladesh".IDLO - International Development Law Organization.2017-10-16.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  21. ^"The University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law's Master of Laws in Human Rights Programme Details"(PDF).
  22. ^"Experience".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  23. ^ab"Publications of Lyal S. Sunga in PDF".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  24. ^ab"Expert Panels / Workshops / Seminars".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  25. ^Sunga, Lyal (15 January 2016)."Dr. Lyal S. Sunga - How Can UN Human Rights Fact-Finding Sharpen Intl Criminal Prosecutions Guest lecture".
  26. ^"Videos on LACT".www.asser.nl.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  27. ^Geneva Graduate Institute (2016-06-16).Accountability as a Common Goal: Dialogue between the ICC Prosecutor and Human Rights Actors.Retrieved2024-06-09– via YouTube.
  28. ^"List of Delegations to the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court"(PDF).
  29. ^"How can UN human rights special procedures sharpen ICC fact-finding?"(PDF).
  30. ^"Newsletter of the World Conference against Racism Secretariat"(PDF).December 2000.
  31. ^"United Nations Group of Experts on Darfur Presents its Final Report to the Human Rights Council".December 2009.
  32. ^Straight Talk Africa.2016-04-13.Retrieved2024-06-09– via www.voaafrica.com.
  33. ^"lyal sunga najnovije vijesti".N1(in Bosnian). 2019-07-03.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  34. ^"ISIS Victims Find Maze of Challenges in Appeals for Justice".FRONTLINE.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  35. ^Sunga, Lyal S. (2016-01-15)."My journey back to Rwanda: confronting the ghosts of the genocide 21 years later".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  36. ^abc"Media Interviews and Commentary".Lyal S. Sunga.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  37. ^"4 preguntas a Lyal S. Sunga (4 questions to Lyal S. Sunga) Interview on Italian elections scenario in Metro News International (in Spanish) 12 August 2019".
  38. ^"The Paris Attacks, Terrorism, and International Law".Legal Talk Network.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  39. ^"Sweden's accession to NATO is both justified and urgent".ABC Religion & Ethics.2022-07-20.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  40. ^Lyal Sunga (2019-07-19).2019 July 17 NDTV Lyal S Sunga on Jadhav ICJ Case India v Pakistan Spying Terrorism Death Penalty.Retrieved2024-06-09– via YouTube.
  41. ^"School's in for new rights champions".South China Morning Post.2002-06-21.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  42. ^"VIDÉO. Burundi, Afrique du Sud, Gambie… La Cour pénale internationale navigue en eaux troubles | TV5MONDE - Informations".information.tv5monde.com(in French). 2016-10-28.Retrieved2024-06-09.
  43. ^Sunga, Lyal (7 April 2019)."25 anos depois (25 years later) - Interview of Lyal S. Sunga on 1994 UN investigations into Rwandan Genocide, in O Estado de Sao Paulo newspaper, Brazil (in Portuguese) 7 April 2019".
  44. ^Minas, Estado de (2019-04-07)."'Vi um dos piores crimes do mundo'".Estado de Minas(in Brazilian Portuguese).Retrieved2024-06-09.
  45. ^"Marshalls Island to open nuclear arms battle at top UN court against India, Pakistan and UK, Business Standard, 5 March 2016".5 March 2016.
  46. ^Gasparini, Juan (23 May 2000)."Comment in" Garzón reclama por segunda vez la detencíon de 47 militares y un civil en Argentina ", El Periodico, Spain, May 2000".
  47. ^"Marshall Islands to open nuclear arms battle against India, Pak and UK".5 March 2016.
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