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Faisalabad

Coordinates:31°25′0″N73°5′28″E/ 31.41667°N 73.09111°E/31.41667; 73.09111
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(Redirected fromLyallpur)
For the district, seeFaisalabad District.

Faisalabad
فیصل آباد
Metropolis
From top, left to right:
Clock Tower,Sikh Gurdwara, Jhal Flyover Circuit House Gardens, Faisalabad Canal, Faisalabad Pindi-Bhattian Interchange
Official seal of Faisalabad
Seal
Nickname:
TheManchesterof Pakistan
Faisalabad is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Location of Faisalabad
Faisalabad is located in Pakistan
Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Faisalabad (Pakistan)
Coordinates:31°25′0″N73°5′28″E/ 31.41667°N 73.09111°E/31.41667; 73.09111
CountryPakistan
ProvincePunjab, PakistanPunjab
DivisionFaisalabad
DistrictFaisalabad
Settled1892
Founded byJames Broadwood Lyall
Named forFaisal of Saudi Arabia
Government
•MayorNone (vacant)[1]
• CommissionerSilwat Saeed[2]
Area
• City1,330 km2(512 sq mi)
• Land840 km2(325 sq mi)
• Water430 km2(165 sq mi) 33%
• Metro
5,860 km2(2,261 sq mi)
• Rank3rd
Elevation
186 m (610 ft)
Population
(2024)[3][4]
• City3,800,193
• Rank3rd, Pakistan
• Density2,900/km2(7,400/sq mi)
DemonymFaisalabadi
Time zoneUTC+05:00(PKT)
Postal code
38000
Area code041
Former NameLyallpur
Official LanguagesUrdu,English
Native languagePunjabi
Languages (1981)98.2%Punjabi
1.8%Others[5]
GDP$80 billion (2024)

Faisalabad(/fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/;Punjabi,Urdu:فیصل آباد,Punjabi pronunciation:[fɛːsə̆ləˌbäːd];Urdu pronunciation:[fɛːsˈlɑˌbɑːd]ⓘ), formerly known asLyallpur(Punjabi,Urdu:لائل پور), is thesecond largestcity and industrial centre of thePakistani provinceofPunjab.It is an industrial and metropolitan hub, being thethird most populous cityinPakistan,with an estimated population of 3.8 million in 2024. Located in central Punjab'sRachna Do'āb,between theRaviandChenabrivers, it is the second-largestPunjabi-speakingcity in the world. Faisalabad is one of Pakistan's wealthiest and most industrialized city, the largest industrial hub and second largest city of the widerPunjab region.

Historically one of the largest villages of Punjab, Lyallpur was one of the first planned cities withinBritish India.It has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis. Faisalabad was restructured intocity districtstatus; a devolution promulgated by the 2001local government ordinance(LGO). The total area ofFaisalabad Districtis 5,856 km2(2,261 sq mi)[6]while the area controlled by theFaisalabad Development Authority(FDA) is 1,326 km2(512 sq mi).[7][8]: 8 

Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads, rails, and air transportation.[9]It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan because of its extensive textile industry.[10][11] As of 2013,theGDPof Faisalabad was estimated at $43 billion[12]and projected to rise to $87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%.[13] Faisalabad contributes over 10 percent to the Punjab's GDP and has an average annual GDP (nominal) of $20.5 billion.[12]Agriculture and industry remain its hallmarks.[14][8]: 41 

Etymology[edit]

Faisalabad was formerly (until 1977) known as Lyallpur. When founded in 1890 it was named afterSir James Broadwood Lyall,the British lieutenant governor of the Punjab.[15][16]It became headquarters of the Lower Chenab colony and in 1898 was incorporated as a municipality.[17]

In September 1977, the city of Lyallpur was renamed "Faisalabad" by theGovernment of Pakistanin honour of theSaudi Arabian kingFaisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud,respecting his long relationship with Pakistan and its people.[18]

History[edit]

The first university in Lyallpur was built by theBritish Indian Empirein 1906 with the foundation stone laid by Sir Louis Dane, then Lieutenant and Governor of Punjab.[19]
Mohammed Ali Jinnah,in Lyallpur where he gave a historic speech at Dhobi Ghat, c. 1943
One of the earlier industrial exhibition at theUniversity of Agriculture,still a major exhibition in the city today, c. 1949
Lady Mountbatten,Vicereineof India, among the Hindu evacuees at the Punjab Scouts Camp, Layallpur during partition of British India
Gurudawar Layallpur, aSikhGurdwaraconstructed during the reign of theBritish Empirein 1911

Toponymy[edit]

The city was settled or established in 1880 during the colonisation of the lower Chenab Valley.[20]This city was settled down by Rai Bahadur Bhavanidas Sikka, after which the British Government grantedjagirsto him. After Partition his descendants settled in India, now settled in Mumbai. This city was named in honour ofLieutenant-Governor of the Punjab,Sir James Broadwood Lyall, for his role in establishing thecanal colonisation project.[21][22]The surnameLyallwas joined with the nounpur,meaning 'city' inSanskrit.[23]

On 1 September 1977, theGovernment of Pakistanchanged the name of the city from Lyallpur to Faisalabad('City of Faisal')in honour ofKing Faisal of Saudi Arabia,who made several financial contributions to Pakistan.[20][24][6]

Early settlements[edit]

The region encompassing modern day Faisalabad district was originally inhabited by a number of forest-dwelling tribes.[21]It is believed these early settlements belonged to the ancient districts ofJhangandSandalbar,and included the area betweenShahdarato Shorekot andSangla HilltoToba Tek Singh.[20]The shrine ofBaba Noor Shah Waliwas erected in the area in the 1600s.[25]

Development[edit]

At the conclusion of theSecond Anglo-Sikh Warin 1849, the entirePunjab regionbecame administered asPunjab province,firstly by theEast India Companyand after 1858 as part of theBritish Raj.[26][27]

In the 1880s the Punjab government began an irrigation scheme to cultivate large tracts of western Punjab through the creation of canal colonies.[28]The Chenab colony was the largest of these colonisation projects, and covered the entirety of present-day Faisalabad district. Popham Young, the Colonisation Officer managing the project identified the site of the current city to establish headquarters for the colony.[21][29]

Young designed the settlement's centre to replicate the design in theUnion Jackwith eight roads extending from a largeclock towerat its epicentre;[30]a design geometrically symbolic of theCross of Saint Andrewcounter changed with theCross of Saint Patrick,andSaint George's Crossover all.[31]The eight roads developed into eight separate bazaars (markets) leading to different regions of the Punjab.[22][32]In 1892, the newly constructed town with its growing agricultural surplus was added to the British rail network.[33]Construction of the rail link betweenWazirabadand Lyallpur was completed in 1895.[30]In 1896,Gujranwala,Jhang andMontgomerycomprising theTehsilsof Lyallpur were under the administrative control of the Jhang District.[34]The town became one of the first planned settlements withinBritish India.[14]

In 1904, the new district of Lyallpur was created to include the tehsils ofSamundriand Toba Tek Singh with a sub-tehsil atJaranwala,which later became a full tehsil in itself.[35]TheUniversity of Agriculture,originally the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute, Lyallpur, was established in 1906.[19]The Town Committee was upgraded to a Municipal Committee in 1909. Lyallpur grew into an established agricultural tool and grain centre.[36]By 1911 the city had a population of 19,578.[21]The 1930s brought industrial growth and market expansion to the textile industry as well as to food processing, grain crushing and chemicals.[22]

Independence[edit]

In August 1947, following three decades of nationalist struggles, India and Pakistan achieved independence. The British agreed topartition British Indiainto two sovereign states – Pakistan with aMuslimmajority, and India with aHindumajority. However, more Muslims remained in India than what governing authorities believed would assimilate into Pakistan.[37]The partitioning led to a mass migration of an estimated 10 million people which made it the largest mass migration in human history.[37]The Punjab province was divided intoPunjab, West PakistanandPunjab, India.There were also respective divisions of theBritish Indian Army,theIndian Civil Service,various administrative services, the central treasury, and the railways.[38]Riots and local fighting followed the expeditious withdrawal of the British, resulting in an estimated one million civilians deaths, particularly in the western region of Punjab.[37]Lyallpur, which was located in the region of the Punjab Province that became West Pakistan, was populated by a minority of Hindus andSikhswho migrated to India, while Muslim refugees fromEast Punjabsettled in the district.[38]

In 1977, Pakistani authorities changed the name of the city from Lyallpur to Faisalabad, in order to honor the close friendship ofKing Faisal of Saudi Arabiawith Pakistan.[39]

During the eighties, the city saw an influx of foreign investments in the textile sector.[40]Large number of residents of Faisalabad began working abroad as bilateral ties improved as part of new trade agreements. This led to more foreign remittances into the city. This aided the development of large scale infrastructure projects within the city.[6]In 1985, the city was upgraded as a division with the districts of Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.[20]

Geography[edit]

Location[edit]

Faisalabad lies in the rolling flat plains of northeast Punjab, at 186 metres (610 ft) above sea level. The city proper comprises approximately 1,326 square kilometres (512 sq mi) while the district encompasses more than 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi). The Chenab River flows about 30 kilometres (19 mi), and theRavi Rivermeanders 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the southeast. The lower Chenab canal provides water to 80% of cultivated lands making it the main source of irrigation. Faisalabad is bound on the north byChiniotandSheikhupura,on the east by Sheikhupura and Sahiwal, on the south by Sahiwal and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.[41]

Geology[edit]

The district of Faisalabad is part of thealluvial plainsbetween theHimalayan foothillsand the central core of theIndian subcontinent.[42]Thealluvial depositsare typically over a thousand feet thick.[43]Theinterfluvesare believed to have been formed during theLate Pleistoceneand featureriver terraces.[44]These were later identified as old and young floodplains of theRavi Riveron the Kamalia and Chenab Plains. The old floodplains consist ofHolocenedeposits from the Ravi and Chenab rivers.[45]

The soil consists of young stratified silt loam or very fine sand loam which makes the subsoil weak in structure with common kankers at only five feet. The course of the rivers within Faisalabad is winding and often subject to frequent alternations. In the rainy season, the currents are very strong. This leads to high floods in certain areas which do last for a number of days. TheRakhandGogeracanals have encouraged the water levels in the district however the belt on the Ravi River has remained narrow. The river bed does include the river channels which have shifted the sand bars and low sandyleveesleading to river erosion.[43] Faisalabad is situated at the centre of the lowerRechna Doab,the area is located between the Chenab and Ravi rivers. There is a mild slope from the northeast to the southwest with an average fall of 0.2–0.3 metres per kilometre (1.1–1.6 feet per mile). The city is situated at an elevation of about 183 metres (600 ft). The topography is marked by valleys, local depression and high ground.[46]

Climate[edit]

Main article:Climate of Faisalabad

Faisalabad overlaps between asemi-aridclimate and ahumid subtropicalclimate.

The weather in the city is monitored by thePakistan Meteorological Department.[47]The Pakistan Meteorological Department regularly provides forecasts, public warnings and rainfall information to farmers with the assistance of the National Agromet Centre.[48][49][50]

Average annual rainfall is approximately 718 millimetres (28.3 in). It is at its peak in July, August and September during the monsoon season though western disturbances during winter months also bring considerable rainfall associated with hail.[51]Monsoon season which starts in July and ends in September brings heavy rain to the city causing flash flooding.[52][53]If the monsoon currents interact with the western disturbance, then cloudburst can also occur. July is the wettest month of the year during which flooding is reported a number of times.[51][54][55][56]Monsoon ends in September and then the dry period begins. October and November are the driest months with very little rainfall. During winter the weather usually remains cloudy associated with frequent fog.[46]Record-breaking rainfallof 264.2 millimetres (10.40 in) was recorded on 5 September 1961 by the Pakistan Meteorological Department.[57]The temperature of the city has reached a summer maximum record temperature of 48.0 °C (118.4 °F), which was observed on 9 June 1947 and again on 26 May 2010.[58]An extreme minimum temperature of −4.0 °C (24.8 °F) was recorded on 15 January 1978. The highest wind gust ever recorded in Faisalabad occurred during a severe dust-thunderstorm on 2 June 2000, when the maximum wind speed reached 151 kilometers per hour (94 mph).[58]Apart from temperature and rainfall records, the winds in Faisalabad are generally light. The city lies in an area with low wind speeds. Westerly breeze dominates the afternoons, while the nights are calm. Southeast / easterly winds are common here during the monsoon season. Faisalabad, being in the plains, can experience severe thunderstorms and high wind gusts that can be damaging to its crops.[59]

Climate data for Faisalabad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.6
(79.9) 		30.8
(87.4) 		37
(99) 		44
(111) 		47.5
(117.5) 		48
(118) 		46.1
(115.0) 		42
(108) 		41.1
(106.0) 		40
(104) 		36.1
(97.0) 		29.2
(84.6) 		48
(118)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		22.1
(71.8) 		27.1
(80.8) 		34.1
(93.4) 		39.2
(102.6) 		40.3
(104.5) 		37.3
(99.1) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.6
(96.1) 		32.9
(91.2) 		27.3
(81.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		31.6
(88.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		18.3
(64.9) 		23.7
(74.7) 		26.7
(80.1) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		24.0
(75.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		10.8
(51.4) 		5.7
(42.3) 		17.4
(63.3)
Record low °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		1
(34) 		7
(45) 		13
(55) 		17
(63) 		19
(66) 		18.6
(65.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9
(48) 		2
(36) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−4
(25)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 11.3
(0.44) 		20.5
(0.81) 		25.8
(1.02) 		24.8
(0.98) 		15.1
(0.59) 		55.1
(2.17) 		92
(3.6) 		83.7
(3.30) 		58
(2.3) 		4.5
(0.18) 		2.7
(0.11) 		7.1
(0.28) 		400.5
(15.77)
Average precipitation days 4 5 7 6 5 5 10 10 4 2 2 3 63
Averagerelative humidity(%) 61 51 44 26 21 18 63 55 57 26 31 51 42
Source:[60][61]

Culture[edit]

Main articles:Culture of Pakistan,List of places in Faisalabad,andList of people from Faisalabad
The Chenab Club, built in 1904 is the oldest social club in the city[62]
The Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Auditorium, home of the Faisalabad Arts Council.[63]
Chicken Fajita Pizza in spicy tandoori chicken
Malai Seekh Kebabs at Al-Nakhal Restaurant

Faisalabad, the third most populatedmetropolisin Pakistan afterKarachiandLahore[64]is an epicentre for trade that has gained popularity for its colonial heritage sites.[65]In 1982, theGovernment of Punjabestablished theFaisalabad Arts Council,a division of the Punjab Arts Council which is overseen administratively by the Information, Culture and Youth Affairs Department.[66]TheFaisalabad Arts Councilbuilding, designed by architectNayyer Ali Dada,was completed in 2006. The auditorium was named after the lateNusrat Fateh Ali Khan,a Pakistani musician and singer.[66]

Festivals[edit]

ThePunjabi peoplecelebrate a variety of cultural and religious festivals throughout thePunjab region,such as arts and craft, music, local events, and religious celebrations.[67]The city of Faisalabad customarily celebrates its independence day on 14 August every year by raising thePakistan flagat the clock tower in the Commissioner Office compound. Bazaars are colourfully decorated for the celebration, government and private buildings are brightly lit, and there are similar flag–raising ceremonies that are typically held in the district and its tehsils.[68][69]

The arrival of spring brings the annual "Rang-e-Bahar" festival where the Parks & Horticulture Authority of the city district government organise a flower show and exhibition at Jinnah Gardens.[70]The University of Agriculture organises a similar event at their main campus which is known as the "Kissan Mela".[71]The festival ofBasantwhich involves kite flying is an annual tradition in the city despite the ban.[72]The provincial government introduced the "Canal Mela" which involves five days of festivities including the main canal in the city being decorated with national floats and lights ending with a musical concert to conclude the festival.[73]

Being a Muslim majority the city religious observances includeRamadanandMuharram.The festivals ofChaand Raat,Eid al-FitrandEid al-Adhaare celebrated and are national holidays.[74]Thecelebrationof the Prophet Muhammad birthday is observed in the city which is often referred to as "Eid Milād-un-Nabī".[75]There are a number of darbar and shrines which attract a number of devotees during the annualUrs.[76]There are a number of Christian churches in the city where Easter and Christmas services take place each year.[77][78]

Attire[edit]

Traditional attire in Faisalabad isPunjabi clothingsuch as theKurtaandSherwanis.[79]Faisalabadi men wear whiteshalwar kameezas do women but also with adupatta(scarf). The more religious women wearburqasthat may or may not cover the face.[79]Combinations of Pakistani and Western attire are worn by women, such as an embroidered kurta worn with jeans ortrousers,and half sleeve or sleeveless shirts withCapri pants.Men and women have adopted some of the modern Western styles for both casual and formal business dress such as dress pants, trousers, T-shirts and jeans.[79]

Faisalabad Institute of Textile and Fashion Design at the Government College University teaches Fashion Design as part of theirFine Artsprogram.[80]Some of the more conservative establishments and universities follow strict dress codes, such as the National Textile University in Faisalabad where a notice was issued on 27 April 2016 by university professor Muhammad Ashfaq. The intent of the notice was to "promote a positive image of the NTU and to maintain good moral, religious and cultural values among the faculty, staff and students." Thedress codebans certain styles of Western attire including shorts, sleeveless shirts and shawls for men. Women are prohibited from wearing jeans, tights orleggings,sleeveless or half-sleeved shirts for women. Women are also prohibited from wearing heavy make-up and expensive jewellery.[81]

Cuisine[edit]

Faisalabadi cuisine is a mixturePunjabi cuisineas well asMughlai cuisineandAnglo-Indian cuisine.Famous dishes include rice orroti(flatbread) served with a vegetable or non-vegetablecurry,a salad consisting of spiced tomatoes and onions, and yogurt. This is usually accompanied by a variety ofSouth Asian sweetssuch asgud,gajar ka halwa,gulab jamun,andjalebi.[82]Tandooribarbecue specialties consist of a variety of naan bread served withtandoori chicken,chicken tikkaor lambshish kebabserved with amint chutney.[83]

Street foods are a key element to Faisalabadi cuisine.[84]Samosas(deep fried pastry filled with vegetables or meat) topped with an onion salad and two types ofchutney.There is even a square dedicated to them in the old city.[85]Other street foods include,dahi bhale(deep fried vadas in creamy yoghurt),gol gappay(fried round puri filled with vegetables and topped with tamarind chutney) and vegetable or chickenpakoras.Biryaniand murgh pilao rice are a speciality in Faisalabad.[86]

A typical breakfast in Faislabadi ishalwa poori,consisting of a deep fried flatbread served with a spicy chickpea curry and sweet orange colouredhalwa.[85]It is customarily accompanied by a sweet or salty yoghurt based drink calledlassi.[87]During winter, a common breakfast isroghni naanserved withpaya.[88]

Certain drinks are available seasonally, such as, such as rabri doodh, a drink commonly made with full-fat milk, almonds, pistachios and basil seeds,dhood patti(milky tea), andKashmiri chai,a pink coloured milky tea containing almonds and pistachios, which is had in the winters.[89]During summer, drinks such as sugar cane juice,nimbu pani(iced lemon water), skanjvi (iced orange and black pepper) and lassi are consumed.[90]

Literacy[edit]

According to a report by theUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),the 2015 literacy rate for Pakistan ranked 160th which is among the lowest literacy rates in the world.[91]

In 1981, Faisalabad was among four districts in Punjab, which included Gujranwala, Jhelum and Gujrat, that were experiencing low literacy rates, due primarily to either a lack of resources or family pressure; the latter of which may also be attributable to illiteracy.[91]In 1998, Faisalabad progressed to a higher literacy rate with the most improvement realised at the primary school level.[92]In 2008, Faisalabad District ranked 51.9% which placed the district ninth in literacy out of the 34 Punjab districts.[93]

In 2014, the city held its first literary festival which brought a number of writers to the city to encourage the community to follow the arts.[94]Two literary groups were established, the Faisalabad Union of Column Writers and Faisalabad Union of Journalists, to bring together printed media personalities for the purpose of providing training to budding writers from the city.[95]

Demographics[edit]

The language of Faisalabad is Punjabi predominantly 96%, Urdu and Pashto are spoken by 2% population each. Faisalabad is world's second largest Punjabi speaking city. Faisalabad was established as one of the first planned towns of British India, covering an area of 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi).[96]It was initially designed to accommodate 20,000 people. The city's population increased from 69,930 in 1941 to 179,000 in 1951 (152.2% increase).[97]Much of the increase is attributed to the settlement of Muslim refugees fromEast PunjabandHaryana,India. In 1961, the population rose to 425,248, an increase of 137.4%. Faisalabad set a record in the demographic history of Pakistan by registering an overall population increase of 508.1% between 1941 and 1961. The industrial revolution of the 1960s contributed to population growth.[97]In 1961, the population was 425,248. A 1972 census ranked Faisalabad as the third largest city of Pakistan with a population of 864,000. In a 1981 census, the population was 1,092,000; however, the Faisalabad Development Authority estimated the number to be 1,232,000.[97]In the 2017 consensus, the total population of the city was 3,203,846[3]

Religion and ethnic groups[edit]

AMughalinspired mosque in the old city. The majority of the population are Muslim.[98]

The province of Punjab, in which Faisalabad is the second largest city, has prevalentsociocultural distinctions.[99]Population sizes vary by district but some distinguishing factors include a young age structure, high age dependency ratio, a higher percentage of males, a higher proportion of married population, andheterogeneityintribesand languages.[99]: 387 

Islam is the most common religion, with a 97.22% Muslim majority according to the 1998 Pakistan census report and 2001 population data sheet.[99]People live in tight-knit joint families, although anuclear familysystem is emerging due to changing socio-economic conditions.[99]Ancient culture prevails in most marriage practices in the region, as do certain restrictions related to ethnicity and tribes. However, the influences of more modern societies have effected some change, particularly in the area of thedowry system.In the following ancient culture, marriages are customarily arranged by the parents or matchmakers. In some instances, the husband must buy his wife from her parents.[100]Studies conducted in 2007 and 2013, the latter in an outlying rural village in Faisalabad District, acknowledged the existence of gender bias and discrimination against females, stating that "Gender discrimination is not a new phenomenon", and that it still exists in the modern world.[99]

Social change in the region has been a slow process but there are indications that change has occurred as more villages are exposed to various forms of media and modernized urban communities. In early 2014, there was a march known as the "White Ribbon Campaign" which took place in front of the Faisalabad Press Club. Protesters appealed to the government to adopt new laws "to protect women who are discriminated against in the family and workplace."[101]

Prevalent minorities, particularly Hindu and Christian, feel a sense of vulnerability because of their religious beliefs.[98]Labourers and farmhands form the countless Christian villages throughout Punjab; many are descendants of people who converted from Hinduism to Christianity under the British Raj, and considered low caste by virtue of their birth.[37]A small population of wealthy, well-educated Christians have settled in Karachi; however, as a result of increasing Islamization, religious intolerance in Pakistani society, blasphemy laws and Islamist militancy, most have left Pakistan to settle in other countries where there is more religious tolerance, such as Canada and Australia.[98][102]

Religious groups in Faisalabad City (1901−2017)[a]
Religious
group 		1901[104]: 44 [105]: 26  1911[106]: 23 [107]: 19  1921[108]: 25 [109]: 21  1931[110]: 26  1941[103]: 32  2017[111]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism 4,434 48.35% 8,024 40.98% 12,922 45.93% 20,147[b] 46.94% 32,896[b] 47.04% 131 0%
Islam 4,232 46.15% 9,166 46.82% 11,116 39.51% 15,534 36.19% 23,003 32.89% 3,114,321 95.82%
Sikhism 365 3.98% 1,607 8.21% 2,958 10.51% 5,181 12.07% 10,897 15.58% — —
Christianity 132 1.44% 758 3.87% 1,100 3.91% 1,988 4.63% 3,027 4.33% 131,686 4.05%
Jainism 7 0.08% 23 0.12% 38 0.14% 65 0.15% 34 0.05% — —
Zoroastrianism 1 0.01% 0 0% 2 0.01% 7 0.02% — — — —
Ahmadiyya — — — — — — — — — — 3,822 0.12%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 73 0.1% 71 0%
Total population 9,171 100% 19,578 100% 28,136 100% 42,922 100% 69,930 100% 3,250,031 100%

Economy[edit]

As of 2015 GDP of Faisalabad was estimated at $63 billion and projected to rise to $107 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%.

Faisalabad contributes over 35% toward Pakistan's annual GDP and export revenue. The textile and apparel industry is the major industry in Faisalabad. It is also responsible for almost 60-80% of the export revenue of Pakistan.

The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FCCI) and Pakistan Hosiery Manufacturers Association (PHMA) are the regulatory bodies for all textile and apparel manufacturers in the city. These organizations work closely with the Ministry of Trade.

Faisalabad is as an industrial center with industries like processing mills, engineering, industrial goods, textile manufacturing including cotton and silk textiles, super phosphates, apparel and hosiery, industrial chemicals and dyes, pulp and paper, agricultural research and equipment, oil and ghee (clarified butter), and concentrated beverages. It has also been a hub for real estate, particularly gated neighbourhoods such as Abdullah Gardens, owned by Akbar Pervaiz and not Sheikh Ayub.

Ghanta Ghar[edit]

The historical eight separate markets where locally grown produce is sold.
TheChenab ChowkChowk monument pays homage to the city's textile industry.[6]

The Faisalabad clock tower and its eight bazaars (markets) is a major trading zone in the city. The eight markets were designed based on the English flag, Union Jack. Every one of the eight bazaars is known for certain goods.

  1. Katchery Bazar is known for its mobile phones and accessories market. It is named for the session courts located adjacent to the street
  2. Rail Bazar is famous for its gold and cloth market.
  3. Kharkhana Bazaar is known for its spices and herbs.
  4. Montgomery Bazaar (also known as Sutar Mandi) is known for yarn and raw cloth trading.
  5. Jhang Bazaar is known for its fish, meat, vegetables and fruits.
  6. Bhawana Bazaar has all the commercial and industrial electrical goods.
  7. Aminpur Bazaar has some of the oldest books, stationery and interior décor boutiques.
  8. Chiniot Bazaar is known for allopathic and homoeopathic medicinal stores.

Industrial zones[edit]

Faisalabad Industrial Estate Development & Management Company (FIEDMC) was established by Federal Government to boost manufacturing in Faisalabad. Its objectives are to promote business and develop new clientele for the city's factories. It further supports businesses to find suitable land, infrastructure, provision of utilities and dedicated business support services.

Value Addition City (VAC)commonly known as Garment city is located at Sahianwala Road, near Khurrianwala. It is home to many garments and apparel factories.

M-3 Industrial City (M-3-IC)comprises 4356 acres of land andAllama Iqbal City (AllC)comprises more than 3300 acres. They house large scale manufacturing companies including textiles, yarn mills, pharmaceuticals, chemicals automotive, and spare parts, etc.Ruyi Masood Textile Parkis located here.

Small Industrial Estate (SME)located at Punj Pullian Road houses small to medium-sized industries. It was provided by former Prime Minister, Mian MuhammadNawaz Sharifto provide international grade services to small and medium-sized companies at promotional packages.

Faisalabad has received substantial funding from thegovernment of Punjaband the city district government to improve infrastructure and roads to rural areas.[112]In an effort to deal with the energy crisis, the FCCI has been working with private companies to develop renewable energy resources such as solar energy and the construction of dams within the district.[113]CAE, a German-based renewable energy company, has disclosed plans to establish the first solar panel manufacturing facility in Faisalabad, second of its kind in Asia, with intentions of investing upwards of €100 million (Rs 12.9 billion) for its development.[114]

2020 COVID-19 Pandemic[edit]

Pakistan entered a complete lockdown on 20 March 2020. All national and international travel was suspended. The industry in Faisalabad was hit hard. The federal government ordered complete closure of all industrial units.

Some industrial units are screening their workers for the coronavirus and making sure they follow the SOPs issued by the government as well. Punjab has reported more than 11,000 coronavirus cases so far.[115]

2022 Floods Impact[edit]

Pakistan saw a record flooding in the western and southern part of the country during the monsoon season in 2022. This resulted in a massive food shortage and provision of industrial raw materials such as cotton. Faisalabad's textile industry took a massive hit in the costs and availability of cotton.[116]

Electricity Supplier[edit]

Faisalabad Electric Supply Company(FESCO) is the state-owned electric distribution company that supplies electricity to the districts ofFaisalabadas well asSargodha,Mianwali,Khushab,Jhang,Bhakkar,Toba Tek Singh,andChiniotinPakistan.This company generates electric power from water (hydro-electric power) and distributes it to 4.01 million consumers of the area. These consumers can check there FESCO electricity bill atfescoebills.pk

Faisalabad Electric Supply Company was founded in 1998. Engineer Bashir Ahmed is its currentCEO.

Education[edit]

Main article:List of educational institutions in Faisalabad
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture.

Faisalabad has several research and educational institutions. Faisalabad is considered a regional hub for of research and higher education, specializing in agriculture, medical sciences, chemical sciences, textile universities and economics.

There are many public funded institutions that offer scholarships and financing options to lower and middle income households. Many private schools, colleges and universities offer huge range of courses at various levels of education.

Education system[edit]

The education system is administered by the chief executive officer (CEO) of the District Education Authority of Faisalabad. The city district Government is responsible for funding, finances, management and resource allocation for public run institutions. It falls under theMinistry of Federal Education and Professional Trainingand theMinister for Education.

High ranking institutions[edit]

Public funded

Private funded

Government and Administration[edit]

Civic Administration[edit]

Faisalabad was restructured intocity districtstatus; a devolution promulgated by the 2001local government ordinance(LGO).[117]It is governed by the city district's seven departments: Agriculture, Community Development, Education, Finance and Planning, Health, Municipal Services, and Works and Services.[118]Thedistrict coordination officerof Faisalabad (DCO) is head of the city district government and responsible for co-ordinating and supervising the administrative units.[118]Each of the seven departments has its own Executive District Officer who is charged with co-ordinating and overseeing the activities of their respective departments.

The aim of the city district government is to empower politics by improving governance which basically involved decentralising administrative authority with the establishment of different departments and respective department heads, all working under one platform. The stated vision and mission of the city district government of Faisalabad is to "establish an efficient, effective and accountable city district government, which is committed to respecting and upholding women, men and children's basic human rights, responsive towards people's needs, committed to poverty reduction and capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Our actions will be driven by the concerns of local people."[118]

Tehsil Municipal Administration[edit]

In 2005, Faisalabad was reorganised as a city district composed of eight Tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs) or towns as follows: Lyallpur, Madina, Jinnah, Iqbal, Chak Jhumra, Jaranwala, Samundari, and Tandlianwala.[119]The functions of the TMA include preparation of the spatial and land use plans, management of these development plans and exercise of control over land use, land sub-division, land development and zoning by public and private sectors, enforcement of municipal laws, rules and by-laws, provision and management of water, drainage waste and sanitation along with allied municipal services.[120]

There are 118union councilsin Faisalabad. Their role is to collect and maintain statistical information for socio-economic surveys. They consolidate ward neighbourhood development needs and prioritise these into union-wide development proposals. The council identifies any deficiencies in the delivery of these services and makes recommendations for improvement to the TMA.[121]

Faisalabad Development Authority[edit]

TheFaisalabad Development Authority(FDA) was validly established in October 1976 under The Punjab Development of Cities Act (1976) to regulate, supervise and implement development activities in its jurisdiction area.[122][123]The FDA acts as a policy-making body for the development of the city and is in charge of arranging and supervising major developments within the city. It is responsible for the administration of building regulations, management of parks and gardens and subsoil water management. The FDA works with the Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) to control and maintain the water supply, sewerage and drainage.[124]The FDA works to improve conditions in the slums.[125]

Public Services[edit]

Law enforcement[edit]

Punjab Police[edit]

Law enforcement in Faisalabad is carried out by provincial police force officially calledPunjab Police.Within the city of Faisalabad, it is under the command of the city police officer (CPO), an appointment by the provincial government appointments for Punjab Police.[126]The office of the CPO is located in the District Courts, Faisalabad.[127]

Faisalabad Region is headed by an officer not less than the rank of Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG).Faisalabad Policeis headed by a District Police Officer who is assisted by a varying number of Superintendents and Deputy Superintendents of Police.

City Traffic Police Faisalabad[edit]

City Traffic Policeis a branch of Punjab Police which is a public funded entity of the provincial government of Punjab.

The department is responsible for maintaining the following within the district of Faisalabad:

  • Conduct traffic safety and compliance
  • Traffic signs
  • Road signs and closures
  • Road marking and planning
  • Traffic signals and maintaining uninterrupted flow of traffic
  • Traffic violation ticketing and penalty collection
  • Issuance ofdriving license
  • Conducting driving tests and provisional licensing

District and Session Courts Faisalabad[edit]

District and Sessions Courtin Faisalabad is an extension of the provincial bench of High Court in Lahore.

The offices are located atDistrict Courts Faisalabad.. Directions can also be found at Google Maps forSessions Courts FaisalabadandDistrict Courts Faisalabad.

Special Offices[edit]

Police formations including District Police, Elite Police, Punjab highway Patrol, Crime Investigation Branch, and Special Operations Branch have offices in the city.[128]

Taxation[edit]

Regional Tax Officeis a field formation of theFederal Board of Revenue(FBR). It is situated at Regional Tax Office, Jail Road, Faisalabad and can be found at Google MapsRegional Tax Office.

This office is responsible for monitoring and collection of federal taxes imposed by theGovernment of Pakistan.This office has jurisdiction to send notices, research and execute legal notices for entities operating within the district of Faisalabad.

This office actively runs mass media campaigns to create awareness regarding taxation, legal rights of citizens and to facilitate voluntary tax compliance.

This office can provide information regarding Income Tax, Sales Tax (VAT), Corporation Tax and Zero-Tax rated services.

The website managed and operated by theFBR,is a reliable and up-to-date source of information for all tax related matters.FBRdoes issue regular notices to ensure correct information is published and to disregard false information circulating in the market places by unverified sources.

Excise, Taxation and Narcotics Control Departmentis another department managed by the provincial Govt. of Punjab. This department is responsible for the following:

  • Collection of property tax
  • Issuance of property notices, and property taxes
  • Motor vehicle registration
  • Online verification of registered vehicles
  • Online self assessment of property tax
  • Motor vehicle clearance
  • Control of regulated substances and prosecutions

The department can be accessed by its websiteETNC.The office can be accessed by the Google MapsETNC.

Water and Sanitation[edit]

The Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) is a subsidiary of Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA), established on 23 April 1978 under the Development of Cities Act 1976.[129]Estimates in indicate that the WASA provides about 72% of the city's sewerage services and about 60% of their water services.[130]The existing production capacity of the WASA is 65 million imperial gallons per day (300 million litres per day), almost all of which is drawn from wells located in the old beds of theChenab River.From the wells, water is pumped to a terminal reservoir located on Sargodha Road.[131]Water is normally supplied for a total of about 8 hours per day to the majority of the city.[131]The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has provided financial and hardware equipment to help improve the water and sanitation conditions in the city.[132]

Healthcare[edit]

Government Hospitals[edit]

Faisalabad is home to some large public hospitals within the district.Allied Hospital Faisalabadis the largest public funded and managed hospital within the city of Faisalabad as well as the district. It offers many advanced treatments and specialist care facilities.

Other notable government–run hospitals areDHQ (District Headquarter) Hospital,Institute of Child Care,[133]PINUM Cancer Hospital, Govt. Children Hospital,Punjab Social Security Hospital,Social Security Newborn and Children Hospital, Punjab Employees Maternity Ward, and Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology.

There are other government funded and managed general hospitals in Ghulam Muhammadabad, Samanabad and Peoples Colony No. 2.[134]

Media[edit]

Television and radio[edit]

ThePakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority(PEMRA) is responsible for the regulation and monitoring of electronic media entertainment in the country.[135]Pakistan Television Corporation,is the state-owned regulated television broadcasting network.[136]The government began licensing private broadcasters in 2002.[137]

The government of Pakistan installed the first radio transmitters in the city on 15 September 1982.[138]"Radio Pakistan"broadcasts three government regulated FM stations:" Radio Pakistan FM101, Radio Pakistan FM93 and Radio Pakistan Sautul Qur'an Channel FM93.4. FM101 became operational in 2002, FM93 went live in 2010 and FM93.4 Sautul Qur'an Channel went live in 2016; PBC all three stations are standard power KW 2.5.[139]

Telecommunications[edit]

Pakistan Telecommunication Authorityis a government-owned organisation that is responsible for the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunications in the city.[140]The organisation monitors and prevents illegal exchanges in the city.[141]

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limitedis the main provider of fixed line, mobile and broadband services. Regional headquarters is located at the Central Telecom House in Chinot Bazaar.[142]With the deregulation of the telecommunication sector by the Ministry of Information Technology, a range of companies now offermobileandbroadbandservices in the city.[143]

Film and theatre[edit]

In 2008, the Government of Pakistan lifted a forty-year ban onBollywoodfilms which allowed Indian films to be played in cinemas.[144]The cinema industry has since seen the introduction of new cinemas such as Cinepax by Hotel One,[145]and Cine Nagina.[146]

The Government College University in Faisalabad encourages students from the University of Agriculture to hold workshops and explore themes of peace and tolerance which can be used in an engaging and entertaining way to communicate complex issues to different audiences.[147]

Recreation[edit]

A view of Chenab Club in December 2020
D GroundCentral Park was rebuilt by the city district government and now includes miniatures of thesymbols of Pakistansuch as theMazar-e-Quaid,Minar-e-Pakistan,andBab-e-Pakistan.
Iqbal Stadium,is an international cricket ground, home to theFaisalabad Wolvescricket team.

Public parks[edit]

The Parks and Horticulture Authority (PHA) is responsible for running and managing all public parks within the district of Faisalabad.

Jinnah Gardens is the oldest and most established public park in the city. It serves as the city's central park, and a cultural hub. It is commonly known as "Company Bagh". A monument of Sir James Broadwood Lyall is situated at the eastern corner of the park.

Dhobi Ghat Park is a historic park, in the oldest part of the city. It is located on Kotwali Road, just next to the Government College University, Faisalabad. The park has a long history of rallies and protests. The park was chosen as a venue of choice byMuhammad Ali Jinnah,Liaqat Ali Khan,Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy,Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,Benazir Bhutto,Nawaz Sharif,Shebaz Sharif,Maryam NawazandImran Khan.

Gatwala Park is located in the outskirts of the city, on the north-eastern side. It serves as a family park with amusements such as a zoo and a lake. TheGatwala Wildlife Parkis a botanical natural reserve located next to the Gatwala Park. It that was renovated by the city district government.[148]

Pahari Grounds is located in Peoples Colony #2. It is a residential area popular locations such as Babar Chowk, Fawara Chowk and the old gates. A Pakistan Air Force retired F-86 Sabre is on display on a hilltop within this park. It is a local attraction.

D-Ground Park is located in the Peoples Colony #1 area, within the D-Ground shopping area. Several models of Pakistani monuments are on display in this park, all year round.

Sports[edit]

Main article:List of sports venues in Faisalabad

Cricketis a popular sport in Faisalabad. Regional and international cricket matches are held inIqbal Stadium,[149]named after Pakistani poet SirAllama Muhammad Iqbal.[150]The stadium is home to Faisalabad's local team, theFaisalabad Wolves.[151]Iqbal Stadium hosted the1987 Cricket World Cup,[152]and the1996 Cricket World Cup.[153]

TheFaisalabad Hockey Stadium,located on Susan Road, was constructed in 2002, and can accommodate 25,000 spectators. On 16 April 2003, the stadium was inaugurated byKhalid Maqbool,governor of Punjab. It is the third-largestfield hockeystadium in the country.[154]The stadium has hostedfield hockeymatches for both national and international competition but by the beginning of 2016 was reported to be in "pathetic condition as its astroturf has completed its life span about eight years ago." Commissioner Naseem Nawaz advised that efforts were under way to maintain the stadium.[154]

In October 2002, the Government College University established a Directorate of Sports to promote university and national level sports for male and female players. Infrastructure and facilities are available for university players intrack,hockey, tennis, basketball, table tennis, badminton andcricket pitch.[155]

Public libraries and museums[edit]

There are twolibrariesthat are open to the public: Allama Iqbal Library and Municipal Corporation Public Library. They are funded and regulated by the government of Punjab under the service sector.[156]

  • Allama Iqbal Library is located on University Road, opposite the District Courts. The library is housed in the 1911-built colonial building originally named "Coronation Library" during the rule of the British Empire. In 2012, the building came under control of the Lyallpur Heritage Foundation[157]and the Punjab Archives and Libraries Department.[158]
  • Lyallpur Museumis located adjacent to the Allama Iqbal Library on University Road. It is a heritage museum and art gallery open to the public. The museum is primarily focused on regional history with a collection of artwork, artefacts and photographs.[159]
  • Municipal Library is located in Iqbal Park on Narwala Road, opposite the historical grounds of Dhobi Ghat.[160]The library has a large collection of books, a photo gallery and a conference centre. In 2011, the library underwent a renovation costing 40 million rupees.[161]
  • The Forest Library at the Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI) is one of two specialist libraries, the other being in Lahore.[162]Opened in 1986, the research library is based at theWildlife Research Centerin Gatwala.[163]

Social clubs[edit]

The Chenab Club, founded in 1910 is the oldest social club in Faisalabad. It was founded by the British armed forces serving in the area, during the British rule. Today it is a prestigious club offering sports, recreation, dining and cultural activities.

Transportation[edit]

Airside view of Faisalabad Airport
The front entrance to the 19th century colonial railway station
Roads in Faisalabad

Airport[edit]

Faisalabad International Airportis approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city center. It is located at Faisalabad-Jhang Road. The airport underwent major renovations during between 2014 and 2017. The main termainal building was completed renovated. Major extensions were carried out as part of a major development initiative by the formerPrime Minister of Pakistan,Mian MuhammadNawaz Sharif.It is a regional airport that serves domestic and international travel. The airport offers cargo, freight, passenger travel, private terminal, flying school, and military base to Pakistan Air Force. The airlines with operations at Faisalabad International Airport includePakistan International Airlines,FlyDubai,Qatar Airways,Air Arabia,Gulf AirandSerene Air.

Rail[edit]

TheFaisalabad railway stationis the central railway station in the city. The railway line forms part of theKhanewal–Wazirabad railway line.Rail services are operated byPakistan Railways,owned and operated by theMinistry of Railways.[164]

Cargo Express services are operated by Pakistan Railways which runs from Karachi to Faisalabad via Multan. Twenty-sevenbogiescompose the goods train, and are handled respectively by private contractors at the station.[165]The station has a special cargo facility operated by the Ministry of Railways (Pakistan) for handling various goods from the city to other regions of the country. An express parcel service runs from Karachi to Lahore via Faisalabad.[166]

Road network[edit]

Main article:Roads in Faisalabad

Faisalabad has a highly developed road network. There are many access ways in and out of the city. It is well connected through motorways, dual-carriageways and highways.

Sister cities[edit]

Faisalabad is a globally recognized city due to its textiles export trade. Itssister citiesare:

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^1901-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Lyallpur, which included Lyallpur Municipality.[103]: 32 

    2017: Combined urban populations of Faisalabad City Tehsil and Faisalabad Saddar Tehsil.
  2. ^ab1931-1941: IncludingAd-Dharmis

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External links[edit]

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