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Maajid Nawaz
Nawaz delivering the yearly Tans Lecture at Maastricht University in October 2018
Nawaz in October 2018
BornMaajid Usman Nawaz
(1977-11-02)2 November 1977(age 46)
Southend-on-Sea,England
OccupationAuthor·Founder ofQuilliam
EducationSOAS, University of London(BA)
London School of Economics(MSc)
GenreNonfiction
SubjectIslamism·Liberalism
Notable worksRadical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism
On Blasphemy
Islam and the Future of Tolerance
Spouse
Fellow activist
​
​
(m.1999;div.2008)​
Rachel Maggart
​
(m.2014)​
Children2
Website
Official website

Maajid Usman Nawaz(Urdu:[ˈmaːdʒɪd̪nəwaːz];born 2 November 1977)[1]is a British activist and former radio presenter. He was the founding chairman of the think tankQuilliam.Until January 2022, he was the host of anLBCradio show on Saturdays and Sundays. Born inSouthend-on-Sea,Essex,to aBritish Pakistanifamily, Nawaz is a former member of theIslamistgroupHizb ut-Tahrir.His membership led to his December 2001 arrest in Egypt, where he remained imprisoned until 2006. While there, he read books abouthuman rightsand made contact withAmnesty Internationalwho adopted him as aprisoner of conscience.He left Hizb-ut-Tahrir in 2007, renounced his Islamist past, and called for asecular Islam.Later, Nawaz co-founded Quilliam with former Islamists, includingEd Husain.[2]

In 2012, Nawaz published an autobiography,Radical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism,and has since become a prominent critic ofIslamism in the United Kingdom.His second book,Islam and the Future of Tolerance(2015), co-authored with atheist authorSam Harris,was published in October 2015. He was theLiberal Democratsparliamentary candidate for London'sHampstead and Kilburn constituencyin the2015 United Kingdom general election.[3]Since 2020, Nawaz has been accused of promoting false claims andconspiracy theoriesrelated toCOVID-19and the2020 United States presidential election.[4][5][6]

Early life and education

Nawaz was born inSouthend-on-Sea,Essex,to parents of Pakistani origin.[7]His mother, Abi, moved to Southend with her family when she was nine. His father, Mo, is an electrical engineer who had worked for thePakistan Navybut had to leave on medical grounds after he contractedtuberculosis.[8]After moving to the United Kingdom, Nawaz's father worked for an oil company inLibya,and moved between Libya and the United Kingdom until his retirement. Nawaz has an elder brother and a younger sister. In his memoirRadical,he uses thepseudonymOsman to refer to his brother.[8]

Nawaz was educated atWestcliff High School for Boys,a grammar school inWestcliff-on-Sea,a suburb of Southend.[9]Later, he studied law and Arabic atSOAS, University of London,and earned his master's degree inpolitical theoryfrom theLondon School of Economics.[10]

Islamist activism

Association with Hizb ut-Tahrir

Nawaz says that racism from classmates,Combat 18gangs, and police, and feeling divided between his Pakistani and British heritage, meant he struggled to find his own identity growing up.[2][11][12]His elder brother, referred to pseudonymously as Osman, was recruited intoHizb ut-Tahrir(HT) by Nasim Ghani, who would later become the British leader of Hizb ut-Tahrir. Osman subsequently persuaded Nawaz to attend HT meetings held in Southend homes.[13]At those meetings, recruits were shown videos ofBosnian Muslimsbeing massacred.[14]Watching these videos eventually resulted in Nawaz's formal recruitment in the HT.[11]

While a student atNewham Collegeand then at SOAS, Nawaz quickly rose through the ranks. By the age of 17, he was recruiting students fromCambridge University,and by 19 he was on the national leadership of HT in the United Kingdom.[15]He became a national speaker and an international recruiter for Hizb ut-Tahrir, travelling to Pakistan and Denmark to further the party's ideology and set up organisationalclandestine cells.[11]

Imprisonment in Egypt

As part of his bachelor's degree in law and Arabic, Nawaz spent a compulsory year abroad in Egypt, arriving just one day before the9/11 attackstook place.[16][17]Since political Islamist organisations like Hizb ut-Tahrir were banned in Egypt, Nawaz was arrested and interrogated inAlexandriaby the Egyptian security agencyAman al-Dawlah.Like most foreign prisoners, he was not subjected to torture but faced the threat of torture during interrogation and witnessed other prisoners being tortured.[11][18]He was then transferred toTora Prisonand put on trial. Represented bySadiq Khan,he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment.[19][20]During the trial, he was adopted byAmnesty Internationalas aprisoner of conscience,[11][21][22]and this helped him to secure his return to London.[23]

Disenchantment and exit from Hizb ut-Tahrir

While imprisoned in Tora Prison, Nawaz came across a wide spectrum of Muslims with varying ideological leanings, includingjihadists,Islamists,Islamic scholars,and liberal Muslims.[24]Among the jihadists were the members of the terrorist organisational-Gama'a al-Islamiyya,and the assassins of former Egyptian presidentAnwar Sadat.[24]He met IslamistEssam el-Erian,the spokesman of theMuslim Brotherhood,[25]andMohammed Badie,who in his youth had smuggled the manuscripts ofSyed Qutb's Islamist manualMilestonesout of prison, and had it published.[12][24]

Among the Islamic scholars, Nawaz continued his studies sitting with graduates of Cairo'sAl-Azhar UniversityandDar al-'Ulum.[26]He specialised in the Arabic language whilst studying historical Muslim scholastics, sources ofIslamic jurisprudence,Hadithhistoriography, and the art ofQur'anicrecitation. He also committed half of theQur'anto memory.[27]On the liberal end of the spectrum, he befriended author and sociologistSaad Eddin Ibrahim.He also benefited from the company of imprisoned Egyptian politicianAyman Nour,who was the head of thecentristand liberalTomorrow Partyand a runner-up to the2005 Egyptian presidential election.[28][29]By 2007, Nawaz had renounced his Islamist past and called for asecular Islam.[30]In an interview with American broadcasterNational Public Radio,Nawaz explained how, other than the interactions in prison,George Orwell's novelAnimal Farmplayed a major role in his turnaround.[12]

Counter-extremist activism

Part ofa serieson
Criticism of Islamism
Muslim Critics
Non-Muslim Critics
Related topics


After completing his prison term in Egypt, Nawaz returned to the United Kingdom in 2006. In 2007, he resigned fromHizb-ut-Tahrirand resumed hisbachelor'sdegree at SOAS.[31][32]He then founded theQuilliam Foundation,a counter-extremismthink tank.He addressed theUnited States Committee on Homeland Securityon the subject of Islamist extremism.[33]He also spoke at the Sovereign Challenge conference organised byUnited States Special Operations Commandwhere he advocated the need to move beyondhard power,and look at new counter-radicalisation strategies.[34]

Nawaz played a major role inTommy Robinson's exit from the far-rightEnglish Defence League(EDL), of which Robinson was the founder. He met Robinson in 2013 during the filming of aBBCdocumentaryWhen Tommy met Mo,and subsequently met the EDL's co-leader, Kevin Carroll. Nawaz's personal story of turning back from Islamist extremism, and his counter-extremism work at Quilliam Foundation, encouraged Robinson and Carroll to quit the EDL.[35]Later, Robinson also apologised to Muslims for the fear caused by his EDL activism.[36]The move was hailed by Quilliam as "a huge success in community relations in the United Kingdom", and a continuation of combating all kinds of extremism, including Islamism andneo-Nazism.[37]

In July 2012, Nawaz published his autobiography,Radical.The Quilliam Foundation Ltd was put into liquidation on 9 April 2021.[38]

Activities in Pakistan

Nawaz has co-founded an activist group in Pakistan, named Khudi, which aims to combat extremism.[39]In 2009, with a BBCNewsnightcrew and security team, Nawaz embarked on a counter-extremism tour, speaking at over 22 universities, and recruiting students all over Pakistan.[40]

Liberal Democrats

Nawaz (left) with other candidates of theHampstead and Kilburnconstituency

Nawaz was selected in July 2013 to stand as theLiberal Democratscandidate for the marginal north London constituency ofHampstead and Kilburn,in which he came third.[41]With the delegation ofLiberal Democrat Friends of Israelhe visited both sides of theIsraeli–Palestinian conflict.[42]

In September 2013, Nawaz and hisCamden Districtteam was given the Dadabhai Naoroji Award for support and promotion ofBAME(Black, Asian, and minority ethnic groups) party members.[43]The award was presented by then-party presidentTim Farron.In the same year, he was included inThe Daily Telegraph's list of 50 most influential Liberal Democrats.[44]

In 2014, Nawaz received death threats after tweeting aJesus and Mocartoon alluding to the Islamic prophetMuhammad.[45]Nawaz decided to tweet the cartoon after aBBCprogramme censored two audience members' shirts displaying cartoons of Muhammad.[46]Respect PartypoliticianGeorge Gallowaycalled on Muslims, via a tweet, not to vote for the Liberal Democrats while Nawaz is one of their candidates.[45][47]By 24 January, a petition to the Liberal Democrats leaderNick Cleggdemanding that Nawaz should be removed as a parliamentary candidate for the party had received 20,000 signatures.[46]Petition organisers denied a connection to its alleged originator, the Liberal Democrats memberMohammed Shafiq,and condemned the incitement to murder.[48]On 26 January, Clegg defended Nawaz's right to free expression and said that the death threats were not acceptable.[48]

On 2 July 2020, Nawaz announced his resignation from the Liberal Democrats.[49]

Radio show on LBC

From September 2016 to January 2022, Nawaz hosted anLBCradio show on Saturday and Sunday afternoons.[50][51]On 7 January 2022, LBC announced on Twitter that Nawaz would no longer present at LBC, effective immediately.[51]In response, he told his Twitter followers to subscribe to hisSubstack,telling them the show was his family's "only source of income".[52]

Claim by Southern Poverty Law Center

In October 2016, theSouthern Poverty Law Centerin the United States accused Nawaz of being an "anti-Muslim extremist",[53]for which it was subsequently criticised by various media outlets,[54]includingThe Atlantic,[55]The Spectator,[56]andThe Wall Street Journal,[57]and Nawaz himself.[58]TheLantos Foundation for Human Rights & Justicewrote a public letter to the SPLC urging it to retract the listing.[59]Nawaz announced his intention to file a defamation lawsuit against the SPLC on the 23 June 2017 episode ofReal Time with Bill Maher.[60]The SPLC deleted the HTML version of its list in April 2018.[61]

In June 2018, the SPLC apologised and paid $3.375 million to Nawaz and Quilliam "to fund their work to fight anti-Muslim bigotry and extremism".[62][63]As part of the settlement, the then SPLC presidentJ. Richard Cohenmade a video apology,[64]and released a statement of apology to Nawaz and the Quilliam Foundation.[65]The agreement stipulated that the SPLC's apology was to be prominently displayed on various pages on their website, as well as distributed to every email address and mailing address on the SPLC mailing list.[66]

Views

Political commentary

Nawaz has criticised what he terms as theregressive left,which he describes as left-leaning people who—in his opinion—pander to Islamism, which he defines as a "global totalitarian theo-political project" with a "desire to impose any given interpretation of Islam over society as law".[67]He has also used the termcontrol left,which he argues is the left-wing equivalent to thealt-right,to describe groups or individuals who he says support "post factual behaviour, violence being seen as an option and prioritising group identity over individual rights" and "they want to control our lives, control what we think, control how we even feel."[68]

Nawaz has been critical ofmulticulturalism,and he criticises what he describes as the failed 1990s policies on multiculturalism in Britain and Europe. He has argued that multiculturalism has failed ethnic minorities by not promoting integration, inhibiting social mobility in employment and gender inequality in Muslim communities, and has encouraged bigotry of low expectations. Nawaz has instead argued in favour of what he termsomniculturalismand integration, stating that both are more culturally and economically beneficial to minority communities.[69]

British and European politics

Nawaz votedRemainand was opposed toBrexitduring the2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.Following the referendum, he argued that other Remain supporters needed to accept the result and that the outcome was "not all good news, but it's also not all bad news." Nawaz opined that Brexit could enable the country to participate in aCANZUKagreement and forge an era of new alliances to counter the influence of China on the West.[70]Nawaz maintained that while he is pro-immigration and supports accepting refugees, he also opined that the open border policy pursued by German chancellorAngela Merkelwas a mistake in terms of national security, social integration, and fueling support for the far-right in Europe, and it had contributed to the Brexit result.[71]Nawaz opposesScottish independence.In a 2020 article forUnHerd,he described theScottish National Partyas presenting a progressive image but using xenophobic sentiments. He also accused the party of "whitewashing" history over British colonialism to make Scotland appear as if it was colonised by England and played no role in the building of theBritish Empire.[72]

Nawaz has expressed opposition to demolishing statues and references to British historical figures in public spaces over past historical comments. In 2018, he criticised students from his alma-mater,SOAS University of London,who protested against aWinston Churchillthemed café in London. He argued that while Churchill may have expressed controversial opinions, they should not be judged by modern standards, and said that "if we can't celebrate him, who can we celebrate?"[73]In response to theBlack Lives Matterprotests in the United Kingdom in which statues of historical figures were pulled over, Nawaz expressed agreement with the communities secretaryRobert Jenrickthat "community consultation" should be adopted as to whether the statues remain. He argued that the removal of statues "shouldn't be done unilaterally and it certainly shouldn't be done by the mob."[74]

American politics

Nawaz criticisedDonald Trumpover his proposal for a temporary ban on entry of Muslims into the United States during his 2016 presidential campaign. Following Trump's victory in the2016 United States presidential election,Nawaz argued that the result came in part because of the left's failure to acknowledge white working-class voters who are statistically underrepresented in universities or employment. He stated that "Trump won because the hard left has abandoned the facts almost as quickly as the hard right."[75]After Trump assumed the presidency, Nawaz praised elements of the administration's policies, including attempts to negotiate peace talks withKim Jong Unand attempts to sort out financial issues inNATO.He said that American liberals had been hypocritical in their criticisms of Trump compared to previous presidents.[76]After the2020 United States presidential election,Nawaz argued that the public should "evaluate the policies and not the personality" when discussing Trump's legacy.[77]Nawaz views the 2020 election result as rigged, and has said that theJanuary 6 United States Capitol attackwas organised by anti-fascist organisations rather than supporters of Trump.[4]

Following themurder of George Floyd,Nawaz expressed support for peaceful demonstrations against racism, drawing upon his own experiences of racial prejudice growing up. He argued against using violent tactics.[78]He blamed rioting and damage to businesses on the "uniformed, masked, majority-white, far-left", and "spoiled-brat, privileged, gentrifying,Antifa-clad, anarchist rioters. "He argued that violence and damage caused by white rioters would lead to over-policing of black neighborhoods.[79]

Security and human rights

Nawaz has opposedracial profilingof Muslims,extrajudicial detentionof terror suspects,torture,targeted killings,anddrone strikes.[80][81]He also opposed theTerrorism Act 2000,under which he was himself once detained, and called for the universalright to legal representationandright to silencein all cases and for all suspects.[82]In a talk given atGeorge C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies,he suggested a revisit of the British government's historical approach to dealing with terrorism, and called for a more nuanced response to tackling the ideology ofIslamismwithout breaching fundamental liberties of citizens.[83]According to him, security should never debase citizens of theircivil liberties.[82]

In 2009, Nawaz was among the twelve advisers to British government who wrote an open letter to the then prime ministerGordon Brownasking him to hold Israel accountable for its attacks on the Gaza Strip.[84]He opposesHamas,which he considers a terrorist organisation.[85]Nawaz has expressed support for Israel in his commentary, and criticised those who he says useanti-Zionismto promoteantisemiticbeliefs. He has also opined thatopposition to Israelis "the mother of allvirtue-signals".In 2018, he was shortlisted as a contender for theTimes of Israel"communal ally of the year" of non-Jews "who has used their voice to fight anti-Semitism or delegitimization of Israel or has simply supported the community in the media, in politics or elsewhere over the last two years."[86]

In the aftermath of the2015 San Bernardino attack,during which a debate about profiling occurred, Nawaz said that racial or religious profiling was a "terrible measure" that "does not prevent terrorism".[87]

Jihadism and the Islamic State

"It's not Islamophobic to scrutinise Islam just as it's not Christianophobic to scrutinise Christianity."

Maajid Nawaz,The Big Questions(BBC show)[88]

In 2015, Nawaz popularised the termVoldemort effectwhich pertained to analysts being fearful to call out the ideology of Islamism as the underlying cause ofJihadist terrorism.[89]

In a 2017 essay forThe Wall Street Journal,Nawaz stated thatjihadistsof all types seek to create discord by "pitting Muslims against non-Muslims in the West and Sunni Muslims against Shiite Muslims in the East".[90]He argues that theIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant(ISIL) is out to provoke a Clash of Civilisations, which can be avoided by calling out the underlying Islamist ideology and isolating jihadists from ordinary Muslims.[90]He also took exception toPope Francis's characterisation of theNovember 2015 Paris attacksas the start of aWorld War 3;he said that it is not another world war but a global jihadist insurgency.[90]

According to Nawaz, aninsurgencyis different from aconventional warin that insurgents rely on some level of support from the communities they recruit from. Since it is an insurgency, thecounter-insurgencystrategy should have messaging and psychological warfare as its critical parts, with the aim of isolating insurgents from their target host communities.[90]On a physical level, he supported the idea of an international coalition against ISIL, fronted bySunni Arabforces and backed by international special forces.[90]

Nationalism and far-right movements

In a 2015CNNinterview, Nawaz condemnedDonald Trump's remarks about his proposal to ban Muslims from entering the United States.[91]He said that when leaders pump up their followers by promising them utopian visions, and then fail to deliver on those promises, followers take matters into their own hands. He expressed his concern that disappointed followers of Trump would "end up joining fascist or far-right groups" and take matters into their own hands against the eight million Muslims in the United States ".[92]

China's treatment of Uighurs

In July 2020, Nawaz began ahunger striketo protest againstChina's imprisonment and alleged atrocities,of theUyghursin the country, and to urge the government, through theUK Parliament petitions website,to impose sanctions on China over its treatment of Uyghur Muslims.[93][94]Nawaz said the abuses amounted togenocideand that it "leaves no room for neutrality".[95]Within a week, the petition passed the 100,000 signature threshold, thereby ensuring that a debate on the issue would take place in Parliament.[96]

COVID-19

In January 2021, Nawaz signed an open letter to the FBI and other Western intelligence agencies asking them to investigate the possibility thatCOVID-19 lockdownswere a "global fraud" promulgated by theChinese Communist Partyand intended to "impoverish the nations" that implemented them.[97][98]He has shared his mistrust ofCOVID-19 vaccines.[4][99]Nawaz said that he believed "natural immunity" was safer, and in a deleted tweet from January 2022 linking to a news story about mandatory vaccinations for COVID-19 in Italy, Nawaz captioned the story as "a global palace coup that suspends our rights... by a network of fascists who seek aNew World Order".[4][100]

Personal life

At the age of 21, Nawaz married a then fellowHizb ut-Tahriractivist who was a biology student;[11]they have a son.[8][101]On Nawaz's decision to leave Hizb ut-Tahrir, they separated and later divorced.[102]

In 2014, Nawaz married Rachel Maggart, an artist and writer from the United States who works for an art gallery inLondon.[103][104]In 2017, Nawaz and Maggart had their first child.[105]

In February 2019, Nawaz said that he was assaulted in a racially-motivated attack by a white man.[106]

Books

  • Nawaz, Maajid (2012).Radical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism.WH Allen.ISBN978-0-7535-4077-0.
  • Nawaz, Maajid; Harris, Sam (2015).Islam and the Future of Tolerance.Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-08870-2.

See also

References

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  65. ^Richardson, Valerie (18 June 2018)."Southern Poverty pays $3.3M to Quilliam, Nawaz for labeling them 'anti-Muslim extremists'".AP News.Retrieved14 June2023.The apology reads as follows: 'The Southern Poverty Law Center was wrong to include Maajid Nawaz and the Quilliam Foundation in our Field Guide to Anti-Muslim Extremists. Since we published the Field Guide, we have taken the time to do more research and have consulted with human rights advocates we respect. We've found that Mr. Nawaz and Quilliam have made valuable and important contributions to public discourse, including by promoting pluralism and condemning both anti-Muslim bigotry and Islamist extremism. Although we may have our differences with some of the positions that Mr. Nawaz and Quilliam have taken, they are most certainly not anti-Muslim extremists. We would like to extend our sincerest apologies to Mr. Nawaz, Quilliam, and our readers for the error, and we wish Mr. Nawaz and Quilliam all the best.'
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  68. ^"Maajid: The Left is No Longer Liberal".
  69. ^"Maajid Says Multiculturalism is Dead".
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  71. ^"Merkel's 'Open Door' Policy Helped Lead To Brexit, Says Maajid Nawaz".LBC.16 July 2017.
  72. ^Nawaz, Maajid (24 May 2020)."The racism lurking behind Scottish nationalism".UnHerd.
  73. ^Nawaz, Maajid (1 February 2018)."'Churchill was flawed like all the greats but his achievements outshine his shortcomings'".Sky News.
  74. ^"'All stakeholders in society' should be involved in statues debate, Maajid Nawaz insists ".LBC. 17 January 2021.
  75. ^Nawaz, Maajid (9 November 2016)."The fear that propelled Donald Trump requires no logic".The Times of Israel.
  76. ^Maajid Nawaz: Give Trump some creditonYouTube
  77. ^"Massive rise in support for Trump cannot be ignored, Maajid Nawaz says".LBC. 8 November 2020.
  78. ^"Maajid Nawaz's moving plea to demonstrators to remain peaceful".LBC. 31 May 2020.
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