Majuro
Majuro | |
|---|---|
     Top: Marshall Islands Capitol Building; Middle: Enek Island, Amata Kabua International Airport; Bottom: Alele Museum, Majuro coastline | |
 Flag | |
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  Majuro Location of Majuro in Marshall Islands  Majuro Majuro (Pacific Ocean)  Majuro Majuro (Earth) | |
| Coordinates:7°05′N171°23′E/ 7.083°N 171.383°E | |
| Country |  Marshall Islands |
| Island Chain | Ratak Chain |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ladie Jack |
| Population (2021) | |
| • Total | 23,156 |
| Time zone | UTC+12(MHT) |
| Native languages | Marshallese |
Majuro(/ˈmædʒəroʊ/;Marshallese:Mājro[mʲæzʲ(e)rˠo][1]) is thecapitaland largest city of theMarshall Islands.It is also a largecoral atollof 64 islands in thePacific Ocean.It forms alegislative districtof theRatak (Sunrise) Chainof the Marshall Islands. The atoll has a land area of 9.7 square kilometers (3.7 sq mi) and encloses a lagoon of 295 square kilometers (114 sq mi). As with other atolls in the Marshall Islands, Majuro consists of narrow land masses. It has atropical trade wind climate,with an average temperature of 27 °C (81 °F).
Majuro has been inhabited by humans for at least 2,000 years and was first settled by theAustronesianancestors of the modern dayMarshallese people.Majuro was the site of a Protestant mission and severalcopratrading stations in the 1870s, before theGerman Empireannexed the atoll as part of the German Protectorate of the Marshall Islands in 1885. The city was later under Japanese and American administration. After the Marshall Islands broke away from theFederated States of Micronesiain 1978 to form the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Majuro became the new country's capital and meeting place of theNitijeļā,supplanting the former capital ofJaluit.
The main population center,Delap-Uliga-Djarrit(DUD), is made up of three contiguousmotusand had a population of 23,156 people at the 2021 census. Majuro has a port, shopping district, and various hotels. Majuro hasan international airportwith scheduled international flights to Hawaii, the Federated States of Micronesia,Kiribati,Guam,Nauru,and flights to domestic destinations around the country.[2]Its economy is primarilyservice sector-dominated.
Geography
[edit]
Majuro Atoll consists of over 60 islands, three of which are larger than 0.5 km2(0.2 sq mi).[3]At the western end of the atoll, about 50 kilometers (30 mi) fromDelap-Uliga-Djarrit(DUD) by road, is the island community ofLaura,an expanding residential area with a popular beach.[4]Laura has the highest elevation point on the atoll, estimated at less than 3 meters (10 feet)above sea level.[5]Djarritis mostly residential.[6]
Climate
[edit]Being slightly north of theEquator,Majuro has atropical rainforest climate(Af) but not anequatorial climatebecausetrade windsare prevailing throughout the year though they are frequently interrupted during the summer months by the movement of theIntertropical Convergence Zoneacross the area.[7]Typhoonsare rare. Temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year with average temperatures around 27 °C (81 °F). The hottest month is only 0.4 degree Celcius hotter than the coldest month. Very rarely does the temperature fall below 21 °C (70 °F).[6]Majuro sees roughly 3,200 millimeters (126 in) of precipitation annually, with fall (Sep - Nov) being both the hottest and the rainiest season.
| Climate data for Majuro (Marshall Islands International Airport) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 92 (33) |
91 (33) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
92 (33) |
96 (36) |
94 (34) |
90 (32) |
93 (34) |
93 (34) |
91 (33) |
96 (36) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 87.7 (30.9) |
88.0 (31.1) |
88.1 (31.2) |
88.0 (31.1) |
88.5 (31.4) |
88.5 (31.4) |
88.8 (31.6) |
88.8 (31.6) |
89.1 (31.7) |
89.2 (31.8) |
89.0 (31.7) |
88.2 (31.2) |
90.0 (32.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 85.7 (29.8) |
85.9 (29.9) |
86.0 (30.0) |
86.1 (30.1) |
86.3 (30.2) |
86.3 (30.2) |
86.6 (30.3) |
86.7 (30.4) |
86.9 (30.5) |
86.8 (30.4) |
86.0 (30.0) |
86.5 (30.3) |
86.3 (30.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 81.9 (27.7) |
82.0 (27.8) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.4 (28.0) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.4 (28.0) |
82.5 (28.1) |
82.6 (28.1) |
82.5 (28.1) |
82.3 (27.9) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.3 (27.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 78.1 (25.6) |
78.0 (25.6) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.4 (25.8) |
78.1 (25.6) |
78.2 (25.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.2 (25.7) |
78.1 (25.6) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.2 (25.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 74.9 (23.8) |
74.5 (23.6) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.9 (23.8) |
75.0 (23.9) |
75.0 (23.9) |
74.9 (23.8) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.6 (23.7) |
74.6 (23.7) |
74.4 (23.6) |
74.8 (23.8) |
72.6 (22.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 69 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
71 (22) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
68 (20) |
70 (21) |
68 (20) |
| Averageprecipitationinches (mm) | 8.24 (209) |
7.62 (194) |
8.65 (220) |
11.12 (282) |
10.71 (272) |
11.10 (282) |
10.96 (278) |
11.18 (284) |
12.60 (320) |
13.79 (350) |
13.41 (341) |
11.88 (302) |
131.26 (3,334) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 19.6 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 23.0 | 22.9 | 24.1 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.6 | 258.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 77.7 | 77.1 | 79.0 | 80.7 | 81.9 | 81.1 | 80.5 | 79.3 | 79.4 | 79.4 | 79.9 | 79.7 | 79.6 |
| Averagedew point°F (°C) | 73.2 (22.9) |
73.4 (23.0) |
74.1 (23.4) |
74.7 (23.7) |
75.6 (24.2) |
75.0 (23.9) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.5 (23.6) |
74.5 (23.6) |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 224.4 | 218.6 | 252.8 | 219.4 | 224.8 | 210.8 | 217.0 | 232.2 | 217.8 | 205.4 | 191.4 | 197.4 | 2,612 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 61 | 66 | 67 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 61 | 60 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 59 |
| Source:NOAA(relative humidity, dew points and sun 1961–1990)[8][9][10] | |||||||||||||
History
[edit]
The atoll has been inhabited for at least 2,000 years[11]byAustronesianpeoples, including the ancestors of modern-dayMarshalleseresidents. Archaeological excavations ofumearth ovensat theLaura villageon Majuro suggest habitation around the 1st century AD with aradiocarbon datingrange of 93 BC to 127 AD.[12]
Protestant missionaries of theAmerican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missionsestablished a church and school on atoll in 1869.[13]By 1876, agents of the firms Capelle & Co.,Hernsheim & Co., and Thomas Farrell were engaged in thecopratrade on Majuro.[14]After buying out Thomas Farrell's interests in 1877, New Zealand-based copra firm Henderson & Macfarlane had its regional headquarters on Majuro.[15]
Rival iroij Jebrik and Rimi fought waged war against each other for several years in the late 1870s and 1880s. Their uncle Lerok, the previousiroijlaplapof Majuro had wanted them to divide the atoll between them when he died, but Jebrik began a war for sole control. At least 10 islanders died in the conflict; the destruction of trees and crops caused a serious food shortage; and a slowdown in copra production caused Jebrik to take on debt for his war effort. In 1883,Cyprian Bridgeof the passing British warshipHMSEspieglemediated a peace treaty. The fighting never resumed, but whenHMSDartpassed Majuro in 1884, Rimi was trying to persuade the iroij ofAur Atollto join him in an attack on Jebrik. The British commander mediated peace and warned the iroij of Aur to stay out of the conflict. The commander of theDartthreatened to fine copra traders who had been selling weapons to the islanders, but some traders continued selling weapons in spite of the prohibition, and the residents of Majuro refused to give up their firearms after the war between Jebrik and Rimi ended, because they feared invasion by neighboring islanders.[16]
TheGerman Empireclaimed Majuro Atoll as part of the German Protectorate of theMarshall Islandsin 1885.[17]As with the rest of the Marshalls, Majuro was captured by theImperial Japanese Navyin 1914 duringWorld War Iand mandated to theEmpire of Japanby theLeague of Nationsin 1920. The island then became a part of the Japanese mandated territory of theSouth Seas Mandate;although the Japanese had established a government in the Mandate, local affairs were mostly left in the hands of traditional local leaders until the start of World War II.
On January 30, 1944, United States Armed Forces invaded, but found that Japanese forces had evacuated their fortifications toKwajaleinandEnewetakabout a year earlier. A single Japanesewarrant officerhad been left as a caretaker. With his capture, the islands were secured. This gave the U.S. Navy use of one of the largestanchoragesin theCentral Pacific.The lagoon became a large forward naval base,Naval Base Majuro,and was the largest and most active port in the world until the war moved westward when it was supplanted byUlithi(Yap,Federated States of Micronesia).[18]
Following World War II, Majuro came under the control of the United States as part of theTrust Territory of the Pacific Islands.After the Marshall Islands broke away from the Federated States of Micronesia in 1978 to form the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Majuro became the new country's capital and meeting place of theNitijeļā,the legislature of the Marshall Islands.[19]It supplantedJaluit Atollas theadministrative centerof the Marshall Islands, a status that it retains after the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986 under aCompact of Free Association.[20]
The island was also the site of theMajuro Declaration,a declaration by thePacific Islands Forumsigned on September 5, 2013, to make a unified action on climate change adaptation and international aid.[21]
Demographics
[edit]The major population centers are the D–U–D communities: the islets ofDelap–Uliga–Djarrit(listed from south to north, on the eastern edge of the atoll).[20]Majuro had a population of 23,156 at the 2021 census.[22]
Religion
[edit]Most of the population is Christian.[23]The majority areProtestantand follow theUnited Church of Christ(47%),Assembly of God(16%) and others such as Bukot Nan Jesus (5%),Full Gospel(3%), Reformed Congressional Church (3%), theSalvation Army(2%),Seventh-Day Adventist(1%), and Meram in Jesus (1%).[20]8% of the population areCatholic,with theCathedral of the Assumptionof theRoman Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the Marshall Islandslocated in Majuro.[20][24]
Islamic influence has been increasing. There are a sizable number ofAhmadiMuslims.[6]The first mosque opened in Majuro in September 2012.[25]
There are alsoLDSchurches,Baptistchurches, andJehovah's Witnesses.[20][26]
Ethnic composition
[edit]| Ethnicity[27] | Number (2021)[28] | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Marshallese | 21,359 | 93.4% |
| Filipino | 375 | 1.6% |
| I-Kiribati | 278 | 1.2% |
| American | 227 | 1.0% |
| Fijian | 161 | 0.7% |
| Chinese[29] | 119 | 0.5% |
| Micronesian | 79 | 0.4% |
| Tuvaluan | 78 | 0.3% |
| Solomon Islander | 40 | 0.2% |
| Japanese | 30 | 0.1% |
| Other | 127 | 0.6% |
| Total | 22,873 | 100% |
Economy
[edit]
Majuro's economy is driven by theservice sector,[23]which composed 86% of the GDP in 2011.[20]
On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry, of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands' capital of Majuro, said power authorities, private companies and entrepreneurs had been experimenting withcoconut oilas an alternative todiesel fuelfor vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands.Coprafrom 6 to 10 coconuts makes 1 litre of oil.[30]
Air Marshall Islandshas its headquarters in Majuro.[31]
Education
[edit]Colleges and universities
[edit]
TheCollege of the Marshall Islandsis located in Uliga. TheUniversity of South Pacifichas a presence on Majuro.[23]
Primary and secondary schools
[edit]Marshall Islands Public School Systemoperates public schools.
High schools:[32]
- TheMarshall Islands High Schoolis near the north end of Majuro.
- Laura High School
- Life Skills Academy
Primary schools:[33]
- Ajeltake Elementary School
- Delap Elementary School
- DUD Kindergarten
- Ejit Elementary School
- Laura Elementary School
- Long Island Elementary School
- Majuro Middle School
- Rairok Elementary School
- Rita Elementary School
- Uliga Elementary School
- Woja Maj. Elementary School
- Carl Kuli Lobat. Elementary School
In the 1994–1995 school year Majuro had 10 private elementary schools and six private high schools.[34]
There is aSeventh Day Adventist High School and Elementary Schoolin Delap, where English is taught to all students.[35]
Health
[edit]The 101-bed Majuro Hospital (officially the Leroij Atama Zedkeia Medical Center) is the mainhospitalfor Majuro, as well as many of the outer islands.[36][37]The country's only other major hospital is onEbeye Island,the Leroij Kitlang Memorial Health Center.[36][26]As of 2015, most of the 43 physicians employed by the Marshall Islands were located at the Majuro Hospital. The Laura and Rongrong Health Centers are also located on the atoll of Majuro.[36]
Infrastructure
[edit]Water and sewage
[edit]The Majuro Water and Sewer Company obtains water from acatchment basinon the International Airport runway. It supplies 140,000,000 US gallons (530,000,000 L; 120,000,000 imp gal) a year or 14 US gallons (53 L; 12 imp gal) per person per day. This compares with New York City's 118 US gallons (450 L; 98 imp gal) per person per day. Water is supplied 12 hours daily. The threat of drought is commonplace.[38]
Transport
[edit]Air
[edit]Marshall Islands International Airport,offering domestic and international services, is on Majuro. It is served by four passenger airlines:United Airlines,Nauru Airlines,Air Marshall Islands,andAsia Pacific Airlines.[39]
Air Marshall Islands flies to most of the Marshalls' inhabited atolls once a week.[40]It offers daily service between Majuro andKwajalein,except Thursdays and Sundays.[41]
Sea
[edit]Majuro Lagoon is an active port. It is one of the busiest tunatransshipmentports in the world, with 306,796 tons of tuna being moved frompurse seine vesselstocarrier vesselsin 2018.[42]
The Marshall Islands Shipping Corporation was established by the Marshall Islands via the Marshall Islands Shipping Corporation Act 2004.[43]It manages several government ships that move people and freight around the islands. These ships include three older ships (Langidrik, Aemman, and Ribuuk Ae), as well as two newer ships (Majuro, Kwajalein) which were donated to the Republic of the Marshall Islands by Japan in 2013.[44]They also operate a landing craft (Jelejeletae).[citation needed]These vessels are the main link for transporting people and supplies to and from theouter islands.[citation needed]
Additionally, thelagoonacts as a harbor forcommercial fishingvessels,cruise ships,sport fishingboats,outrigger canoesand the occasionalluxury yacht.[citation needed]
Sport
[edit]Majuro was initially scheduled to host theseventh editionof theMicronesian Games,in 2010. It subsequently renounced its hosting rights, citing a lack of adequate infrastructure.[45][46]In 2018, the Marshall Islands were awarded the 2022 Micro Games,[47]and a new stadium is being built in Majuro. (In 2021, it was decided to move back the Games a year, to 2023.[48]) The new stadium is also expected to host soccer matches, which will be a first step in forming the Marshall Islands' first-ever national soccer team.
WeightlifterMattie Langtor Sassercompeted for the Marshall Islands in the2016 Summer Olympics,participating in the Women's 58 kg category on August 8.[49]
Twin towns
[edit]Majuro istwinnedwith:
Inalåhan, Guam,United States, since 1973
Kawai,Nara,Japan
Taipei,Republic of China (Taiwan), since 1999[50]
Basco,Philippines
Luganville,Vanuatu
Weno,Micronesia- Tamuning, Guam,United States
Tarawa, Kiribati
Honiara,Solomon Islands
Nuku'alofa,Tonga
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External links
[edit]
- Marshall Islands site
- Entry at Oceandots.comat theWayback Machine(archived December 23, 2010)
- Recent photos of the rural portions of Majuro
- World War II photos of Majuro
- Battle of Kwajalein and EnewetakArchived2013-09-22 at theWayback Machine
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