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This article is about the men's football club. For the women's football club, seeManchester City W.F.C.For the Sierra Leonean football club, seeManchester City F.C. (Sierra Leone).
"Manchester City" and "Man City" redirect here. For the city itself, seeManchester.For the television show episode, seeMan City (Ted Lasso).

Manchester City
A rounded badge depicting a shield containing a ship, the Lancashire Rose, and the three rivers of Manchester.
Full nameManchester City Football Club
Nickname(s)The Citizens (Cityzens)[1][2]
The Blues
The Sky Blues
Short nameMan City
City
Founded1880;144 years ago(1880)as St. Mark's (West Gorton)
GroundCity of Manchester Stadium
Capacity53,400[3]
Coordinates53°29′00″N2°12′01″W/ 53.4832°N 2.2003°W/53.4832; -2.2003
OwnerCity Football Group Limited
ChairmanKhaldoon Al Mubarak
ManagerPep Guardiola
LeaguePremier League
2023–24Premier League,1st of 20 (champions)
WebsiteClub website
Current season
Active departments of
Manchester City
Men's
football		Women's
football		Academy
Esports
(UK)		Esports
(China)		Esports
(Korea)

Manchester City Football Clubis a professionalfootballclub based inManchester,England. The club competes in thePremier League,the top tier ofEnglish football.Founded in 1880 asSt. Mark's (West Gorton),they becameArdwick Association Football Clubin 1887 andManchester Cityin 1894. The club's home ground is theCity of Manchester Stadiumin east Manchester, to which they moved in 2003, having played atMaine Roadsince 1923. Manchester City adopted theirsky bluehome shirts in 1894, the first season with the current name.[4]The club has won 10league titles,sevenFA Cups,eightLeague Cups,sixFA Community Shields,oneUEFA Champions League,oneEuropean Cup Winners' Cup,oneUEFA Super Cupand oneFIFA Club World Cup.

Manchester City joined theFootball Leaguein1892,and won their first major honour, theFA Cup,in1904.The club had its first major period of success in the late 1960s and early 1970s, winning theleaguetitle,FA Cup,League Cup,andEuropean Cup Winners Cupunder the management ofJoe MercerandMalcolm Allison.After losing the1981 FA Cup final,Manchester City went through a period of decline, culminating inrelegationto the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in1998.They since regained promotion to the top tier in2001–02and have remained a fixture in the Premier League since2002–03.

Manchester City received considerable financial investment both in playing staff and facilities following its takeover bySheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyanthrough theAbu Dhabi United Groupin August 2008.[5]This started a new era of unprecedented success, with the club winning the FA Cup in2011and the Premier League in2012,both their first since the 1960s, followed by another league title in2014.Under the management ofPep Guardiola,Manchester City won the Premier League in2018,becoming the only team in the competition history toattain 100 pointsin a single season. In2018–19,theywon four trophies,completing an unprecedented sweep of all domestic titles in England and becoming the first English men's team to win thedomestic treble.[6]This was followed by four consecutive Premier League titles in2020–21,2021–22,2022–23,and2023–24,as well as the club's first-everChampions League finalin2021,which they lost toChelsea.The2022–23 seasonsaw Manchester City win their maidenEuropean Cupand complete thecontinental treblein the process, becoming the second English club to do so.[7]The club is ranked first in theUEFA coefficient standingsas of 2023.[8]

Manchester City was listed in theDeloitte Football Money Leagueat the end of the 2022–23 season, making it the football club with the second highest revenue in the world, approximated at€825 million.[9]In 2022,Forbesestimated the club was thesixth-most valuablein the world, worth$4.250 billion.[10][11]Manchester City are owned byCity Football Group Limited,aholding companyvalued at £3.73 ($4.8) billion in November 2019 and majority-owned by theAbu Dhabi United Group.[12][13]

History

Main article:History of Manchester City F.C.

Early years and first trophies

Fifteen men posing across three rows. Eleven of the men are wearing a football kit with a Maltese Cross on the breast. The other four are wearing suits and top hats.
St. Marks (Gorton) in 1884 – the reason for thecross pattéeon the shirts is now unknown.[14]

City gained their first honours by winning theSecond Divisionin1899;with it came promotion to the highest level in English football, theFirst Division.They went on to claim their first major honour on23 April 1904,beatingBolton Wanderers1–0 atCrystal Palaceto win theFA Cup;the Blues narrowly missed out on aLeague and Cup doublethat season after finishing runners-up in theleague campaign,but they still became the first club in Manchester to win a major honour.[15]In the seasons following the FA Cup triumph, the club was dogged by allegations of financial irregularities, culminating in the suspension of seventeen players in 1906, including captainBilly Meredith,who subsequently moved across town toManchester United.[16]A fire atHyde Roaddestroyed the main stand in 1920, and in 1923 the club moved to their new purpose-built stadium atMaine RoadinMoss Side.[17]

A group of thirteen men, eleven in association football attire typical of the early twentieth century, and two in suits. A trophy sits in front of them.
The Manchester City team which won the FA Cup in1903–04.

In the 1930s, Manchester City reached two consecutive FA Cup finals, losing toEvertonin1933,before claiming the Cup by beatingPortsmouthin1934.[18]During the 1934 run, the club broke the record for thehighest home attendanceof any club in English football history, as 84,569 fans packed Maine Road for a sixth-round FA Cup tie againstStoke City– a record which stood until 2016.[19][20]The club won the First Division title for the first time in 1937, but were relegated the following season, despite scoring more goals than any other team in the division.[21]Twenty years later, a City team inspired by a tactical system known as theRevie Planreached consecutive FA Cup finals again, in1955and1956;just as in the 1930s, they lost the first one, toNewcastle United,and won the second. The 1956 final, in which the Blues defeatedBirmingham City3–1, saw City goalkeeperBert Trautmanncontinuing to play on after unknowingly breaking his neck.[22]

First golden era and subsequent decline

After being relegated to the Second Division in1963,the future looked bleak with a record low home attendance of 8,015 againstSwindon Townin January 1965.[23]In the summer of 1965, the management team ofJoe MercerandMalcolm Allisonwas appointed. In the first season under Mercer, Manchester City won theSecond Division titleand made important signings inMike SummerbeeandColin Bell.[24]The 1965-66 season also saw City field a Black player for the first time when Stan Horne made his debut on 22 September 1965 in an away game againstLeicester City.[25]Two seasons later, in1967–68,City claimed theleague championshipfor the second time, beating their close neighbours Manchester United to the title on the final day of the season with a 4–3 victory at Newcastle United.[26]Further trophies followed: City won the FA Cup in1969and a year later triumphed in theEuropean Cup Winners' Cup,defeatingGórnik Zabrze2–1 in the1970 final.This was the club's only European honour until their triumph in the2022–23 UEFA Champions League.[27]The Blues also won theLeague Cupthat year, becoming the second English team to win a European trophy and a domestic trophy in the same season.

The club continued to challenge for honours throughout the 1970s, finishing one point behind the league champions on two occasions and reaching thefinalof the1974 League Cup.[28]One of the matches from this period that is most fondly remembered by supporters of Manchester City is the final match of the1973–74 seasonagainstarch-rivalsManchester United, who needed to win to have any hope of avoiding relegation. Former United playerDenis Lawscored with a backheel to give City a 1–0 win at Old Trafford and confirm the relegation of their rivals.[29][30]The final trophy of the club's most successful period of the 20th century was won in 1976, when Newcastle United were beaten 2–1 in theLeague Cup final.

Chart of yearly table positions of City in the Football League

A long period of decline followed the success of the 1960s and 1970s. Malcolm Allison rejoined the club to become manager for the second time in 1979, but squandered large sums of money on several unsuccessful signings, such asSteve Daley.[31]A succession of managers then followed – seven in the 1980s alone. UnderJohn Bond,City reached the1981 FA Cup finalbut lost in a replay toTottenham Hotspur.The club were twice relegated from the top flight in the 1980s (in1983and1987), but returned to the top flight again in1989and finished fifth in1991and1992under the management ofPeter Reid.[32]However, this was only a temporary respite, and following Reid's departure Manchester City's fortunes continued to fade. City were co-founders of thePremier Leagueupon its creation in1992,but after finishing ninth in its first season they endured three years of struggle before being relegated in1996.After two seasons in the First Division,[a]City fell to the lowest point in their history, becoming the second ever European trophy winners to be relegated to their country's third-tier league after1. FC Magdeburgof Germany.

Recovery and two takeovers

After relegation, the club underwent off-the-field upheaval, with new chairmanDavid Bernsteinintroducing greater fiscal discipline.[33]Under managerJoe Royle,City were promoted at the first attempt, achieved in dramatic fashion in theSecond Division play-off finalagainstGillingham.[34]Asecond successive promotionsaw City return to the top division, but this proved to have been a step too far for the recovering club, and in2001City were relegated once more.Kevin Keeganreplaced Royle as manager in the close season, and achieved an immediate return to the top division as the club won the2001–02 First Division championship,breaking club records for the number of points gained and goals scored in a single season in the process.[35]The2002–03 seasonwas the last at Maine Road and included a 3–1 derby victory over rivals Manchester United, ending a 13-year run without aderbywin.[36]Additionally, City qualified for European competition for the first time in 25 years viaUEFA fair play ranking.In the close2003–04 season,the club moved to the newCity of Manchester Stadium.The first four seasons at the stadium all resulted in mid-table finishes. Former England managerSven-Göran Erikssonbecame the club's first foreign manager when appointed in2007.[37]After a bright start, performances faded in the second half of the season, and Eriksson was sacked on 2 June 2008;[38]he was replaced byMark Hughestwo days later.[39]

By 2008, Manchester City were in a financially precarious position.Thaksin Shinawatrahad taken control of the club the year before, but his political travails saw his assets frozen.[40]Then, in August 2008, City were purchased by theAbu Dhabi United Group.The takeover was immediately followed by a flurry of bids for high-profile players; the club broke the British transfer record by signingBrazilian internationalRobinhofromReal Madridfor £32.5 million.[41]There was not a huge improvement in performance compared to the previous season despite the influx of money however, with the teamfinishing tenth,although they did well to reach the quarter-finals of theUEFA Cup.During the summer of 2009, the club took transfer spending to an unprecedented level, with an outlay of over £100 million on playersGareth Barry,Roque Santa Cruz,Kolo Touré,Emmanuel Adebayor,Carlos Tevez,andJoleon Lescott.[42]In December 2009, Mark Hughes – who had been hired shortly before the change in ownership but was originally retained by the new board – was replaced as manager byRoberto Mancini.[43]City finished theseasonin fifth position in thePremier League,narrowly missing out on a place in theChampions Leaguebut qualifying for theUEFA Europa League.[44]

Second golden era and arrival of Pep Guardiola

Continued investment in players followed in successive seasons, and results began to match the upturn in player quality. City reached theFA Cup finalin 2011, their first major final in over 30 years, after defeating derby rivals Manchester United in the semi-finals,[45]the first time they had knocked their rival out of a cup competition since 1975. The Blues defeatedStoke City1–0 in the final, securing their fifth FA Cup and the club's first major trophy since winning the 1976 League Cup. On the last day of the2010–11 season,City beat outArsenalfor the third place, thereby securing qualification directly into the Champions League group stage.[46]

Manchester Citysupportersinvade the pitchfollowing their2011–12 Premier Leaguetitle victory.

Strong performances continued to follow in the2011–12 season,including a 5–1 victory over Tottenham atWhite Hart Laneand a record-equalling6–1 winover Manchester United atOld Trafford,but a poor run of form in the second half of the season left City in second place, eight points behind United with only six games left to play. At this point, United suffered their own loss of form, dropping eight points in the space of four games, while City began a run of successive wins which saw both teams level on points with two games to go. Despite the Blues only needing a home win againstQueens Park Rangers,a team in the relegation zone, they fell 1–2 behind by the end of normal time. However, two goals in injury time –the second by Sergio Agüero in the fourth added minute– settled the title in City's favour, making them the first team to win the Premier League on goal difference alone.[47]

Thefollowing season,City were unable to replicate the previous year's success. After finishing second in theleague,eleven points behind Manchester United, and losing theFA Cup final0–1 to relegatedWigan Athletic,[48]Mancini was sacked.[49]He was replaced by Chilean managerManuel Pellegrini.[50]In Pellegrini'sfirst yearin charge, City won theLeague Cupand regained thePremier League titleon the last matchday of the season.[51][52]The team's league form then slowly declined over the next couple of years, as the Blues finished second in2014–15and then dropped to fourth in2015–16,although the2015–16 seasonwould see City winanother League Cup titleand reach theChampions Leaguesemi-finals for the first time.[53]

Manchester City moved into their new complex at theEtihad Campusadjacent to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2014.

Pep Guardiola,former head coach ofBarcelonaandBayern Munich,was confirmed to become Manchester City's new manager on 1 February 2016,[54]with the announcement having been made several months before Manuel Pellegrini left his position. Guardiola'sfirst seasonin Manchester would end trophyless, with the Blues placing third in theleaguestandings,[55]but thefollowing seasonproved far more successful, as City won thePremier Leaguetitle with the highest points total in history and broke numerous otherclubandEnglish league recordsalong the way.[56]

This would prove to be the start of a period of unprecedented success for Manchester City under Guardiola. Between the 2017–18 and2023–24 Premier Leagueseasons, City won six out of possible seven league titles, only finishing second behindLiverpoolin the2019–20 season.[57]Guardiola also guided the Blues to silverware in domestic cup competitions, highlighted by four consecutive League Cup triumphs in 2018–2021.[58]During the2018–19 season,City completed an unprecedenteddomestic trebleof English men's titles.[59]Apart from winning all three of the major English football tournaments, they also won theCommunity Shield,the first time any team has ever held all four of England's primary football trophies at the same time.[60]On the continental stage, the club achieved breakthrough in2020–21,reaching their first-everChampions League final.[61]In an all-English affair, City lost 0–1 toChelseaat theEstádio do DragãoinPorto.[62]

The Manchester City team, withmascots,about to faceSouthamptonin the2022–23 Premier League.From left to right on back row: Moonchester,Manuel Akanji,Nathan Aké,Ederson,Rodri,Rúben Dias,Phil Foden,Kevin De Bruyne,João Cancelo,Riyad Mahrez,Bernardo Silva,Erling Haaland,and Moonbeam.

The2022–23 seasonturned out to be the greatest in the club's history, as Manchester City won their third consecutive Premier League title, theFA Cup finalagainst rivals Manchester United, and their maidenChampions League titleat theAtatürk Olympic StadiuminIstanbulagainstInter Milan,thereby assembling a rare feat – thecontinental treble.The road to the Champions League victory included wins over European giants Bayern Munich, who were defeated 4–1 on aggregate,[63]and Real Madrid, who suffered a 1–5 aggregate loss at the hands of City.[64][65][66]

In the2023–24 seasonCity became the first English men's club to win four consecutive league titles.

Manchester City's era of sustained competitive excellence coincided with charges of breachingFinancial Fair Play(FFP) regulations. In 2020, theCourt of Arbitration for Sport(CAS) ruled that sanctions placed on the club byUEFAwere not justified, overturning City's two-year European ban.[67]In 2023, the Premier League announced its own investigation of the allegations levied against Manchester City, charging the club with 115 breaches of its FFP rules up to the 2017–18 season.[68]In the summer of 2024, Manchester City initiated legal action against the Premier League. The club claims that the league's Associated Party Transaction rules are unlawful and are seeking damages from the league.[69]

League history

L1 = Level 1 of the football league system; L2 = Level 2 of the football league system; L3 = Level 3 of the football league system.

Club badge and colours

Manchester City'sstadiumand shirt have been sponsored byEtihad Airwayssince 2009.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toManchester City F.C. kits.

Manchester City's home colours are sky blue and white. Traditional awaykitcolours have been either maroon or (from the 1960s) red and black; however, in recent years several colours have been used. The origins of the club's home colours are unclear, but there is evidence that the club has worn blue since 1892 or earlier. A booklet entitledFamous Football Clubs – Manchester Citypublished in the 1940s indicates that West Gorton (St. Marks) originally played in scarlet and black, and reports dating from 1884 describe the team wearing black jerseys bearing a white cross, showing the club's origins as a church side.[70]The infrequent yet recurrent use of red and black away colours comes from former assistant managerMalcolm Allison's belief that adopting the colours ofAC Milanwould inspire City to glory.[71]Allison's theory seemingly took effect, with City winning the1969 FA Cup final,1970 League Cup final,and1970 Cup Winners' Cup finalin red and black stripes as opposed to the club's home kit of sky blue.

City had previously worn three otherbadgeson their shirts, prior to their current badge being implemented in 2016. The first, introduced in 1970, was based on designs which had been used on official club documentation since the mid-1960s. It consisted of a circular badge which used the same shield as the present badge (including a ship, based on theCity of Manchester coat of arms), inside a circle bearing the name of the club. In 1972, this was replaced by a variation which replaced the lower half of the shield with the red rose of Lancashire. In 1976, aheraldic badgewas granted by theCollege of Armsto theEnglish Football Leaguefor use by City. The badge consisted of the familiar ship above a red rose but on a circular device instead of a shield (blazoned as "A roundel per fess azure and argent in chief a three masted ship sails set pennons flying or in base a rose gules barbed and seeded proper").[72]

On occasions when Manchester City played in a major cup final, the club wore shirts bearing the City of Manchester coat of arms, as a symbol of pride in representing the city at a major event. This practice originated from a time when the players' shirts did not normally bear a badge of any kind.[73]The club has since abandoned the practice; for the2011 FA Cup final,its first in the 21st century, City used the usual badge with a special legend, but the Manchester coat of arms was included as a small monochrome logo in the numbers on the back of players' shirts.[74]

A new club badge was adopted in 1997, as a result of the previous badge being ineligible for registration as a trademark. This badge was based on thearmsof the city ofManchester,and consisted of a shield in front of agolden eagle.The eagle is an old heraldic symbol of the city of Manchester; a golden eagle was added to the city's badge in 1958 (but had since been removed), representing the growing aviation industry. The shield featured a ship on its upper half representing theManchester Ship Canal,and three diagonal stripes in the lower half symbolised the city's three rivers – theIrwell,theIrkand theMedlock.The bottom of the badge bore the motto "Superbia in Proelio",which translates as" Pride in Battle "inLatin.Above the eagle and shield were the three stars, added for decorative purposes.

On 15 October 2015, following years of criticism from the fans over the design of the 1997 badge,[75]the club announced they intended to carry out a fan consultation on whether to discontinue the current badge and institute a new design.[75]After the consultation, the club announced in late November 2015 the badge would be replaced in due course by a new version which would be designed in the style of the older, circular variants.[76]A design purporting to be the new badge was unintentionally leaked two days early prior to the official unveiling on 26 December 2015 by theIPOwhen the design was trademarked on 22 December.[77]The new badge was officially unveiled at Manchester City's home match againstSunderlandon 26 December.[78]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

Period Kit supplier Shirt sponsor (chest) Shirt sponsor (sleeve)
1974–1982 Umbro No sponsor No sponsor
1982–1984 Saab
1984–1987 Philips
1987–1997 Brother
1997–1999 Kappa
1999–2002 Le Coq Sportif Eidos
2002–2003 First Advice
2003–2004 Reebok
2004–2007 Thomas Cook
2007–2009 Le Coq Sportif
2009–2013 Umbro Etihad Airways
2013–2017 Nike
2017–2019 Nexen Tire
2019–2023 Puma
2023–present OKX

Kit deals

Kit supplier Period Announcement date Intended contract duration Value Notes
Le Coq Sportif
2007–2009
13 May 2007[79]
 2007–2011 (4 years) Around£2.5m per year[80] Replaced by Umbro contract
Umbro
2009–2013
4 June 2009
 2009–2019 (10 years) Around£2.5m per year[81] Umbro contract transferred to parent company Nike in 2013
Nike
2013–2019
4 May 2012
 2013–2019 (6 years) Around£20m per year[82]
Puma
2019–2029
28 February 2019
 2019–2029 (10 years) Around£65m per year[83]

Players

Main article:List of Manchester City F.C. players

First-team squad

As of 30 June 2024[84]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
2 DF EnglandENG Kyle Walker(captain)
3 DF PortugalPOR Rúben Dias(3rd captain)
4 MF EnglandENG Kalvin Phillips
5 DF EnglandENG John Stones
6 DF NetherlandsNED Nathan Aké
7 DF PortugalPOR João Cancelo
8 MF CroatiaCRO Mateo Kovačić
9 FW NorwayNOR Erling Haaland
10 MF EnglandENG Jack Grealish
11 FW BelgiumBEL Jérémy Doku
16 MF SpainESP Rodri(4th captain)
17 MF BelgiumBEL Kevin De Bruyne(vice-captain)
18 GK GermanyGER Stefan Ortega
No. Pos. Nation Player
19 FW ArgentinaARG Julián Álvarez
20 MF PortugalPOR Bernardo Silva(5th captain)
21 MF SpainESP Sergio Gómez
24 DF CroatiaCRO Joško Gvardiol
25 DF SwitzerlandSUI Manuel Akanji
27 MF PortugalPOR Matheus Nunes
31 GK BrazilBRA Ederson
32 MF ArgentinaARG Máximo Perrone
33 GK EnglandENG Scott Carson
47 MF EnglandENG Phil Foden
52 MF NorwayNOR Oscar Bobb
82 DF EnglandENG Rico Lewis
87 MF EnglandENG James McAtee
97 DF EnglandENG Josh Wilson-Esbrand

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF ArgentinaARG Claudio Echeverri(atRiver Plateuntil 31 December 2024)

EDS and Academy

Main article:Manchester City F.C. EDS and Academy

The following players have previously made appearances or have appeared on the substitutes bench for the first team.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
37 FW BrazilBRA Kayky
39 DF BrazilBRA Yan Couto
48 FW EnglandENG Liam Delap
56 MF EnglandENG Jacob Wright
68 DF EnglandENG Max Alleyne
75 MF EnglandENG Nico O'Reilly
No. Pos. Nation Player
76 MF SpainESP Mahamadou Susoho
79 DF EnglandENG Luke Mbete
88 GK EnglandENG True Grant
92 MF EnglandENG Micah Hamilton
93 MF AustraliaAUS Alex Robertson
94 DF EnglandENG Finley Burns
96 FW EnglandENG Ben Knight

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player

Retired numbers

See also:List of retired numbers in association football

Since 2003, Manchester City have not issued the squad number 23. It wasretiredin memory ofMarc-Vivien Foé,who was on loan to the club fromLyonat the time of his death on the field of play while playing forCameroonin the2003 FIFA Confederations Cup.[85]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
23 MF CameroonCMR Marc-Vivien Foé(2002–03) – posthumous honour)

Club captains

This is a list of City's officialclub captains,who are currently appointed via a vote of players and staff. Other players (vice-captains) have led the team on the pitch when the club captain is not playing or not available. Some players have been made captain on a one-off basis to celebrate or commemorate an event, e.g.Oleksandr Zinchenkocaptained the team in their2021–22 FA Cup fifth round tieatPeterborough Unitedin support of his country during the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[86]

Years Pos Captain
1904–1906 FW WalesBilly Meredith
1906–1914 FW WalesLot Jones
1914–1919 No competitive football due to theFirst World War
1919–1923 DF EnglandEli Fletcher
1923–1925 DF EnglandMax Woosnam
1926–1928 MF ScotlandCharlie Pringle
1928–1932 MF ScotlandJimmy McMullan
1932–1935 DF EnglandSam Cowan
1935–1936 MF ScotlandMatt Busby
1937–1939 MF ScotlandLes McDowall
Years Pos Captain
1939–1946 No competitive football due to theSecond World War
1946–1947 GK EnglandFrank Swift
1947–1950 DF EnglandEric Westwood
1950–1957 DF WalesRoy Paul
1957–1961 MF EnglandKen Barnes
1961–1964 DF EnglandBill Leivers
1965–1967 FW Northern IrelandJohnny Crossan
1967–1974 DF EnglandTony Book
1974–1975 MF EnglandColin Bell
1975–1976 DF EnglandMike Doyle
Years Pos Captain
1976–1979 DF EnglandDavid Watson
1979–1986 DF/MF EnglandPaul Power
1986–1988 DF EnglandKenny Clements
1988–1992 DF EnglandSteve Redmond
1992–1993 DF Republic of IrelandTerry Phelan
1993–1996 DF EnglandKeith Curle
1996–1998 DF WalesKit Symons
1998 MF EnglandJamie Pollock
1998–2000 DF ScotlandAndy Morrison[87]
2000–2001 DF/MF NorwayAlfie Haaland
Years Pos Captain
2001–2002 DF EnglandStuart Pearce[88]
2002–2003 MF AlgeriaAli Benarbia[89]
2003–2006 DF FranceSylvain Distin[90]
2006–2009 DF Republic of IrelandRichard Dunne[91]
2009–2010 DF Ivory CoastKolo Touré[92]
2010–2011 FW ArgentinaCarlos Tevez[93]
2011–2019 DF BelgiumVincent Kompany[94]
2019–2020 MF SpainDavid Silva[95]
2020–2022 MF BrazilFernandinho[96]
2022–2023 MF Germanyİlkay Gündoğan[97]
Years Pos Captain
2023–present DF EnglandKyle Walker[98]

Player of the Year

See also:List of Manchester City F.C. players § Player of the Year awards

Each season since the end of the1966–67 season,the members of theManchester City Official Supporters Clubhave voted by ballot to choose the player on the team they feel is the most worthy of recognition for his performances during that season. The following table lists the recipients of this award since 2000.

Year Winner
2000–01 AustraliaDanny Tiatto
2001–02 AlgeriaAli Benarbia
2002–03 FranceSylvain Distin
2003–04 EnglandShaun Wright-Phillips
2004–05 Republic of IrelandRichard Dunne
2005–06 Republic of IrelandRichard Dunne
2006–07 Republic of IrelandRichard Dunne
2007–08 Republic of IrelandRichard Dunne
2008–09 Republic of IrelandStephen Ireland
2009–10 ArgentinaCarlos Tevez
Year Winner
2010–11 BelgiumVincent Kompany
2011–12 ArgentinaSergio Agüero
2012–13 ArgentinaPablo Zabaleta
2013–14 Ivory CoastYaya Touré
2014–15 ArgentinaSergio Agüero
2015–16 BelgiumKevin De Bruyne
2016–17 SpainDavid Silva
2017–18 BelgiumKevin De Bruyne
2018–19 PortugalBernardo Silva
2019–20 BelgiumKevin De Bruyne
Year Winner
2020–21 PortugalRúben Dias
2021–22 BelgiumKevin De Bruyne
2022–23 NorwayErling Haaland
2023–24 EnglandPhil Foden

Sources:[99][100][101][102][103]

Halls of Fame

See also:List of Manchester City F.C. players

Manchester City Hall of Fame

The following former Manchester City players and managers have been inducted into theManchester City F.C. Hall of Fame,and are listed according to the year of their induction:

National Football Museum Hall of Fame

The following former Manchester City players and managers have been inducted into theEnglish Football Hall of Fame(a.k.a. theNational Football Museum Hall of Fame), and are listed according to the year of their induction within the various categories:

Inductees at the NFM Hall of Fame
Year of induction Player Position Role at MCFC Years in role at MCFC
Players with Manchester City backgrounds inducted to date
2002 Northern IrelandPeter Doherty inside left player 1936–1945
ScotlandDenis Law,CBE forward & midfielder player 1960–1961
1973–1974
EnglandKevin Keegan,OBE forward manager 2001–2005
2003 DenmarkPeter Schmeichel,MBE goalkeeper player 2002–2003
EnglandAlan Ball,MBE attacking midfielder manager 1995–1996
2005 GermanyBert Trautmann,OBE goalkeeper player 1949–1964
EnglandColin Bell,MBE attacking midfielder player 1966–1979
2007 WalesBilly Meredith right winger player 1894–1906
1921–1924
EnglandPeter Beardsley midfielder player 1998
WalesMark Hughes forward manager 2008–2009
2009 EnglandFrank Swift goalkeeper player 1933–1949
2010 EnglandFrancis Lee,CBE forward player 1967–1974
2013 EnglandMike Summerbee forward player 1965–1975
2014 EnglandTrevor Francis centre forward player 1981–1982
FrancePatrick Vieira holding midfielder player
EDS manager 		2010–2011
2011–2015
2015 EnglandStuart Pearce,MBE left back player
coach
manager		 2001–2002
2002–2005
2005–2007
ChinaSun Jihai defender player 2002–2008
2016 EnglandDavid SeamanMBE goalkeeper player 2003–2004
2017 EnglandFrank LampardOBE attacking midfielder player 2014–2015
2020 EnglandJustin Fashanu centre forward player 1989
2023 BelgiumVincent Kompany defender player 2008–2019
Managers with Manchester City backgrounds inducted to date
2002 ScotlandSir Matt Busby,CBE,KCSG inside right
& right half		 player 1928–1936
2004 EnglandDon Revie,OBE centre forward player 1951–1956
2005 EnglandHoward Kendall attacking midfielder manager 1989–1990
2009 EnglandJoe Mercer,OBE left half manager 1965–1971
EnglandMalcolm Allison centre half assistant mgr.
manager 		1965–1971
1971–1973
1979–1980
Manchester City "Football Foundation Community Champions" inducted to date
2007 Republic of IrelandNiall Quinn,(Honorary)MBE forward player 1990–1996
Manchester City teams inducted to date
2009 EnglandManchester City league- and European cup-winning team of 1967–1970 not applicable

Last updated: 21 July 2021.
Source:list of NFM Hall of Fame inductees

Premier League Hall of Fame

The following former Manchester City players have been inducted into thePremier League Hall of Fame.Inaugurated in 2020, but delayed for a year due to theCOVID-19 pandemic,the Hall of Fame is intended to recognise and honour players that have achieved great success and made a significant contribution to the league since itsfounding in 1992.

Inductees at the Premier League Hall of Fame
Year of induction Player Position Role at MCFC Years in role at MCFC
Players with Manchester City backgrounds inducted to date
2021 EnglandFrank Lampard,OBE attacking midfielder player 2014–2015
2022 FrancePatrick Vieira midfielder player
EDS manager		 2010–2011
2011–2015
DenmarkPeter Schmeichel goalkeeper player 2002–2003
BelgiumVincent Kompany defender player 2008–2019
ArgentinaSergio Agüero striker player 2011–2021
2024 EnglandAndrew Cole striker player 2005–2006

Last updated: 22 April 2024.
Source:list of PL Hall of Fame inductees

Scottish Football Museum Hall of Fame

The following former Manchester City players and managers have been inducted into theScottish Football Hall of Fame(a.k.a. theScottish Football Museum Hall of Fame), and are listed according to the year of their induction within the various categories:

Last updated: 30 March 2011.
Source:list of SFM Hall of Fame inductees

Welsh Sports Hall of Fame

The following former Manchester City players have been inducted into theWelsh Sports Hall of Fame,and are listed according to the year of their induction:

Non-playing staff

ChairmanKhaldoon Al Mubarak

Executive

Position Name
Chairman United Arab EmiratesKhaldoon Al Mubarak
Chief Executive Officer SpainFerran Soriano
Director of Football SpainTxiki Begiristain
Club ambassadors EnglandMike Summerbee[109]
ScotlandPaul Dickov[110]
EnglandMicah Richards[111]
ArgentinaPablo Zabaleta[112]
EnglandJoleon Lescott[113]
EnglandShaun Wright-Phillips[114]

Coaching

Pep Guardiolahas been the manager of the club since 2016.
Position Name
Manager SpainPep Guardiola
Assistant managers SpainCarlos Vicens[115]
SpainJuanma Lillo[116]
Fitness coach SpainLorenzo Buenaventura
Head of goalkeeping SpainXabier Mancisidor
Goalkeeper coach EnglandRichard Wright[117]
Performance analysis coach SpainCarles Planchart
Head of player support SpainManel Estiarte
Head of academy GermanyThomas Krucken
Under-23 EDSmanager Republic of IrelandBrian Barry-Murphy
Under-23 EDSassistant manager EnglandCraig Mudd
Under-23GK coach SpainImanol Egaña
Under-18 Academymanager EnglandBen Wilkinson[118]
Under-18 Academyassistant manager EnglandJamie Carr
Under-18 AcademyGK coach EnglandMax Johnson
Chief scout ItalyCarlo Cancellieri

Source:[119]

Notable managers

Main article:List of Manchester City F.C. managers
Manchester City managers to have won major honours. Table correct as of 25 May 2024[b]
Name From To Games Wins Draws Loss Win % Honours
ScotlandTom Maley
 1902 1906 150 89 22 39 059.33 1903–04 FA Cup
EnglandWilf Wild
 1932 1946 352 158 71 123 044.89 1933–34 FA Cup 1936–37 First Division
ScotlandLes McDowall
 1950 1963 592 220 127 245 037.16 1955–56 FA Cup
EnglandJoe Mercer
 1965 1971 340 149 94 97 043.82 1967–68 First Division
1968 FA Charity Shield
1968–69 FA Cup 		1969–70 European Cup Winners' Cup
1969–70 League Cup
EnglandTony Book
 1973 1980 269 114 75 80 042.38 1975–76 League Cup
ItalyRoberto Mancini
 2009 2013 191 113 38 40 059.16 2010–11 FA Cup
2011–12 Premier League 		2012 FA Community Shield
ChileManuel Pellegrini[c]
 2013 2016 167 100 28 39 059.88 2013–14 League Cup
2013–14 Premier League 		2015–16 League Cup
SpainPep Guardiola[d]
 2016 incumbent 472 343 66 63 072.67 2017–18 League Cup
2017–18 Premier League
2018 FA Community Shield
2018–19 League Cup
2018–19 Premier League
2018–19 FA Cup
2019 FA Community Shield
2019–20 League Cup 		2020–21 League Cup
2020–21 Premier League
2021–22 Premier League
2022–23 Premier League
2022–23 FA Cup
2022–23 UEFA Champions League
2023 UEFA Super Cup
2023 FIFA Club World Cup
2023–24 Premier League

Supporters

Main article:Manchester City F.C. supporters

Since moving to the City of Manchester Stadium, the club's average attendances have been in the top six in England,[121][122]usually in excess of 40,000. Even in the late 1990s, when City were relegated twice in three seasons and playing in the third tier of English football (then theSecond Division,now theEFL League One), home attendances were in the region of 30,000, compared to an average of fewer than 8,000 for the division.[123]Research carried out by Manchester City in 2005 estimated a fanbase of 886,000 in the United Kingdom and a total in excess of 2 million worldwide, although since the purchase of the club by Sheikh Mansour, and City's recent achievements, that figure has since ballooned to many times that size.[124]

Manchester City's officially recognised supporters club is the Manchester City F.C. Supporters Club (1949), formed by a merger of two existing organisations in 2010: the Official Supporters Club (OSC) and the Centenary Supporters Association (CSA).[125]City fans' song of choice is a rendition of "Blue Moon",which despite its melancholic theme is belted out with gusto as though it were a heroic anthem. City supporters tend to believe that unpredictability is an inherent trait of their team, and label unexpected results" typical City ".[126][127]Events that fans regard as "typical City" include the club being the only reigning English champions ever to be relegated (in1938), the only team to score and concede over 100 goals in the same season (1957–58),[128]or the more recent example where Manchester City were the only team to beatChelseain the latter's record-breaking2004–05 Premier League season,yet in the same season City were knocked out of theFA CupbyOldham Athletic,a team two divisions lower.

In the late 1980s, City fans started a craze of bringinginflatableobjects to matches, primarily oversized bananas. One disputed explanation for the phenomenon is that in a match againstWest Bromwich Albion,chants from fans calling for the introduction ofImre Varadias a substitute mutated into "Imre Banana". Terraces packed with inflatable-waving supporters became a frequent sight in the1988–89 season,as the craze spread to other clubs (inflatable fish were seen atGrimsby Town), with the craze reaching its peak at City's match atStoke Cityon 26 December 1988, a game declared by fanzines as a fancy dress party.[129]In 2010, Manchester City supporters adopted an exuberant dance, dubbedThe Poznań,from fans of Polish clubLech Poznańthat they played in theEuropa League.[130]In 2022, Manchester City proposed the release of theConnected Scarf,that would contain a sensor tracking physiological and emotional data of the wearer, for supporters in 2023.[131]

Rivalries

Main articles:Manchester derbyandLiverpool F.C.–Manchester City F.C. rivalry
The Manchester derby in thePremier League,6 November 2021

Manchester City's biggest rivalry is with neighboursManchester United,against whom they contest theManchester derby.Before theSecond World War,when travel to away games was rare, many Mancunian football fans regularly watched both teams even if considering themselves "supporters" of only one. This practice continued into the early 1960s but as travel became easier, and the cost of entry to matches rose, watching both teams became unusual and the rivalry intensified. A common stereotype is that City fans come from Manchester proper, while United fans come from elsewhere. A 2002 report by a researcher atManchester Metropolitan Universityfound that while it was true that a higher proportion of City season ticket holders came from Manchesterpostcodeareas (40% compared to United's 29%), there were more United season ticket holders, the lower percentage being due to United's higher overall number of season ticket holders (27,667 compared to City's 16,481). The report noted that since the compiling of data in 2001, the number of both City and United season ticket holders had risen; expansion of United's ground and City's move to the City of Manchester Stadium have caused season ticket sales to increase further.[132]

Over the last few years, Manchester City has also developed anotable rivalrywithLiverpool,[133]currently considered one of the biggest in association football.[134][135]Though the two clubs had been involved in a title race in the1976–77 season,Liverpool and City's modern rivalry began in the 2010s, with the Blues beating Liverpool to the2013–14 titleby just two points on the final day of the season.[136]In thefinalof the2015–16 League Cup,City defeated Liverpool onpenaltiesafter a 1–1 draw. The two clubs met in European competition for the first time in the2017–18 Champions Leaguequarter-finals, where Liverpool won5–1 on aggregate,ultimately reaching thefinaland thenwinning the competitiona year later.[137][138]In the2018–19 season,City again won the title on the final day, with the Blues' 98 points and Liverpool's 97 being the third- and fourth-highest Premier League points totals ever.[139]Thefollowing season,Liverpool clinched the title, recording 99 points (the second-highest Premier League total ever after Manchester City's 100 in2017–18) to finish 18 points above runners-up City. The Blues then regained the title in2020–21and outgunned Liverpool in another closely-fought title race in2021–22,to finish with 93 points to Liverpool's 92.

The success of the two teams in the 2010s and 2020s has led to the development of a rivalry betweenJürgen KloppandPep Guardiola,the managers of Liverpool and Manchester City, with the two previously having been the respective managers ofDer KlassikerrivalsBorussia DortmundandBayern Munichin theBundesliga.[140]At the end of the 2018–19 season, Guardiola described his relationship with Klopp as a "beautiful rivalry" and called Klopp's Liverpool team "the strongest opponents I have faced in my career as a manager".[141][142]In September 2019, Klopp hailed Guardiola for being his 'greatest rival ever', after both were nominated for theFIFA Men's Coach of the Yearaward in 2019, which Klopp ultimately won.[143][144]In a 2019 survey, City fans answered that Liverpool, and not Manchester United, are the club's biggest rivals.[145]

Manchester City also have long established local rivalries withBolton Wanderers,Oldham Athletic,andStockport County,and more recent competitive Premier League rivalries withTottenham HotspurandChelsea.[146][147]

Ownership and finances

Main article:Manchester City F.C. ownership and finances

The holding company of Manchester City F.C., Manchester City Limited, is aprivate limited company,with approximately 54 million shares in issue. The club has been in private hands since 2007, when the major shareholders agreed to sell their holdings to UK Sports Investments Limited (UKSIL), a company controlled by former Thailand prime ministerThaksin Shinawatra.UKSIL then made a formal offer to buy the shares held by several thousands of small shareholders.

Prior to the Thaksin takeover, the club was listed on the specialist independent equity market PLUS (formerly OFEX),[148]where it had been listed since 1995. On 6 July 2007, having acquired 75% of the shares, Thaksin de-listed the club and re-registered it as a private company.[149]By August, UKSIL had acquired over 90% of the shares and exercised its rights under the Companies Act to "squeeze out" the remaining shareholders, and acquire the entire shareholding. Thaksin Shinawatra became chairman of the club and two of Thaksin's children, Pintongta andOak Chinnawatbecame directors. Former chairman John Wardle stayed on the board for a year, but resigned in July 2008 followingNikeexecutiveGarry Cook'sappointment as executive chairman in May.[150]The club made a pre-tax loss of £11m in the fiscal year ending 31 May 2007, the final year for which the club published accounts as a public company.[151]

Thaksin's purchase prompted a period of transfer spending at the club,[152]in total around £30 million,[153]whereas over the several previous seasons Manchester City's net spending had been among the lowest in the Premier League. A year later, this investment was dwarfed by an influx of money derived from the club's takeover. On 1 September 2008,Abu Dhabi-basedAbu Dhabi United Group Investment and Development Limitedcompleted the takeover of Manchester City. The deal, worth a reported £200 million, was announced on the morning of 1 September. It sparked various transfer "deadline-day" rumours and bids such as the club's attempt togazumpManchester United's protracted bid to signDimitar BerbatovfromTottenham Hotspurfor a fee in excess of £30 million.[154][155]Minutes before the transfer window closed, the club signedRobinhofromReal Madridfor aBritish record transfer feeof £32.5 million.[156]The wealth of the new owners meant that, in the summer of 2009, City were able to finance the purchase of experienced international players prior to thenew season,spending more than any other club in the Premier League.[157]

City Football Group

Main article:City Football Group

Created in the 2013–14 season to manage the global footballing interests of theAbu Dhabi United Group,City Football Group(CFG) is an umbrella corporation owning stakes in a network of global clubs for the purposes of resource sharing, academy networking and marketing.

CFG ownership

Clubs owned byCFG
Listed in order of acquisition/foundation.
Bold indicates the club was founded by CFG.
* indicates the club was acquired by CFG.
§ indicates the club is co-owned.
2008Manchester City F.C.*
2009–2012
2013New York City FC§
2014Melbourne City FC*
Yokohama F. Marinos*§
2015–2016
2017Montevideo City Torque*
Girona FC*§
2018
2019Shenzhen Peng City F.C.*§
Mumbai City FC*§
2020Lommel S.K.*
ES Troyes AC*
2021
2022Palermo F.C.*§
2023Bahia*§

Through City Football Group, Manchester City owns stakes in a number of clubs:

On 23 January 2014, it was announced that Manchester City had partnered with the Australian rugby league franchiseMelbourne Storm,purchasing a majority stake inA-LeagueteamMelbourne City FC.On 5 August 2015, CFG bought out the Storm and acquired full ownership of the team.[159]
On 20 May 2014, it was announced that Manchester City had partnered with the Japanese Automotive companyNissanto become a minority shareholder inYokohamabasedJ-Leagueside,Yokohama F. Marinos.
On 21 May 2013, it was announced that Manchester City had partnered with the American baseball franchise theNew York Yankeesto introduce the 20thMajor League Soccerexpansion team,New York City FCas its majority shareholder. The club began play in the2015 Major League Soccer season.
On 5 April 2017, CFG confirmed the purchase of Uruguayan second division teamMontevideo City Torque.
On 23 August 2017, it was announced that CFG had acquired 44.3% ofSegunda División(second tier) sideGirona FC.Another 44.3% was held by the Girona Football Group, led by Pere Guardiola, brother of Manchester City managerPep Guardiola.
On 20 February 2019, it was announced that CFG as well as UBTECH and China Sports Capital had acquiredSichuan Jiuniu F.C.
CFG was announced as majority stakeholder ofMumbai City FCon Thursday 28 November 2019 after acquiring 65% of the club. Mumbai City is the professional football club based inMumbai,competing in theIndian Super League.
CFG was announced as a majority stakeholder ofLommel S.K.on Monday 11 May 2020, acquiring the majority (unspecified) of the club's shares. Lommel S.K. is a professional football club based inLommel,competing in theBelgian First Division B(second tier).
On 3 September 2020, CFG announced that they had purchased the shares of Daniel Masoni, the former owner ofLigue 2(second tier) clubTroyes AC,making them the majority shareholder of the French club.
On 4 July 2022, ItalianSerie B(second tier) club Palermo announced that CFG had acquired an 80% majority stake in their ownership.
On 3 December 2022, CFG acquired 90% ofCampeonato Brasileiro Série AclubBahia.The deal was finalised on 4 May 2023.

Partner clubs

On 12 January 2021, CFG announced Bolivian clubClub Bolívaras its first partner club.
On 18 February 2021, CFG announced that FrenchChampionnat National 2(tier 4) clubVannes OCwould be its second partner club.

Stadium

Main article:City of Manchester Stadium
See also:Hyde Road (stadium)andMaine Road
TheCity of Manchester Stadium– the home of Manchester City since 2003

TheCity of Manchester Stadiumin east Manchester, known as theEtihad Stadiumsince 2011 for sponsorship reasons, is on a 200-yearleasefromManchester City Councilto Manchester City. It has been the club's home since the end of the2002–03 season,when City moved fromMaine Road.[172]Before moving to the stadium, the club spent in excess of £30 million to convert it to football use: the pitch was lowered, adding another tier of seating around it, and a new North Stand was constructed.[173]The inaugural match at the new stadium was a 2–1 win overBarcelonain afriendly match.[174]A 7,000-seat third tier on the South Stand was completed in time for the start of the2015–16 football season,increasing the stadium's capacity to 55,097. A North Stand third tier is in development, potentially increasing capacity to around 61,000.[175]

After playing home matches at five stadiums between 1880 and 1887, the club settled atHyde Road Football Stadium,its home for 36 years.[176]A fire destroyed the Main Stand in 1920, and the club moved to the 84,000 capacity Maine Road three years later. Maine Road, nicknamed the "Wembley of the North" by its designers, hosted the largest-ever crowd at an English club ground when 84,569 attended anFA Cuptie against Stoke City on 3 March 1934.[177]Though Maine Road was redeveloped several times over its 80-year lifespan, by 1995 its capacity was restricted to 32,000, prompting the search for a new ground which culminated in the move to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003; it was renamed the Etihad Stadium in 2011.[178]

Honours

Main article:List of Manchester City F.C. records and statistics § Club honours

Based on trophy count, Manchester City are one ofthe most successful teams in England– their thirty-five major domestic, european and worldwide honours rank them fourth on the list of most decorated sides in England, ahead ofChelseawith 34.

The club's first major trophy was the1904 FA Cup,[179]though they had previously won three regionalManchester Cupsbefore that point.[180]Their first top division league title came in the1936–37 season,[14]with the firstCharity Shieldwon in the following August.[14]City's firstLeague CupandEuropean trophyboth came at the end of the1969–70 season,the two trophies also constituting the team's first double of any kind.[14]In the2018–19 season,City became the first team to claim all of the major English trophies available in a single season, winning not just thePremier League,FA Cup,andLeague Cup,but also theCommunity Shield.[181]

The1970 Cup Winners' Cupvictory remained City's only European trophy until their triumph in the2022–23 UEFA Champions League.[182][66]They have reached the semi-finals of theChampions Leaguefour times overall, losing in2016,then winning en route to their first-everfinalin2021,losing in2022,and winning en route to their maidenEuropean Cup titlein2023.[183][184]

They are only the second English club to complete aContinental Treble,in the2022–23 season;and in2023–24became the first English club to win four consecutive league titles.

Manchester City used to hold the record formost second division titles,having won the league on seven occasions. Man City's first victory was in1898–99,and the most recent in2001–02.[14]The record was broken byLeicester Cityafter they clinched their eighth title in2023–24.[185]

Domestic

Leagues

Cups

European

Worldwide

Doubles and Trebles

Three-peats

Club records

Main article:List of Manchester City F.C. records and statistics

See also

Notes

  1. ^abcdUntil1992,the top division of English football was theFootball League First Division;since then, it has been theFA Premier League.At the same time, theSecond Divisionwas renamed the First Division, and theThird Divisionwas renamed the Second Division.
  2. ^The following managers have all won at least one major trophy with Manchester City (totals include competitive matches only). Cup matches won or lost on penalties are classified as draws.[120]
  3. ^Pellegrini's drawn games include one cup match won on penalties.
  4. ^Guardiola's drawn games include six cup matches won and three lost on penalties.
  5. ^City also won the FA Community Shield that season, leading to some term the achievement as thequadruple,although this is incorrect, since the true quadruple includes the three major domestic competitions plus a major European title.
  6. ^By winning the title in 2024, City effectively made it afour-peat.
  7. ^By winning the title in 2021, City effectively made it afour-peat.
  8. ^Remains therecord home attendance in English football.

Bibliography

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  • James, Gary (2008).Manchester – A Football History.Halifax: James Ward.ISBN978-0-9558127-0-5.
  • Penney, Ian (2008).Manchester City: The Mercer-Allison Years.Derby: Breedon.ISBN978-1-85983-608-8.
  • Rowlands, Alan (2005).Trautmann: The Biography.Derby: Breedon.ISBN1-85983-491-4.
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