Mannlicher M1888
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(January 2014) |
Within military8 mm firearms,theRepeating Rifle Mannlicher 1888,better known as theMannlicher M1888,was abolt-action rifleused by several armies from 1888 to 1945. Derived from theM1885and laterM1886models, it wasFerdinand Mannlicher's third rifle that utilized the "en bloc clip".
It was succeeded by theMannlicher M1895as the standardservice rifleof theAustro-Hungarian Army.The M95 uses a more securerotating-bolt,in contrast to the M88's wedge-lock bolt.
History
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mannlicher_M1888_mechanism.jpg/250px-Mannlicher_M1888_mechanism.jpg)
The M1888 was a direct and immediate descendant of theM1886 Austrian Mannlicher.This rifle too was a straight-pull, bolt-action, box magazine repeater. As early as the beginning of production of the M1886 the need and desirability for a small-bore rifle was evident. This rifle is virtually identical to its predecessor but for chambering a newly designed 8 mm cartridge, loaded originally with black powder and denominated8×52mmR.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Anton_Jure%C4%8Di%C4%8D.jpg/220px-Anton_Jure%C4%8Di%C4%8D.jpg)
M1888-90 rifle
[edit]Shortly thereafter, the M88 cartridge was converted to semi-smokeless powder. The new cartridge was designated8mm M.1890 scharfe Patroneand its dimensions were8×50mmR.Thesightsof existingblack powder8mm Mannlicher rifles were converted to accommodate semi-smokeless ammunition by the functional arrangement of screw mounting re-graduated sideplates onto the outsides of the existing rear sight walls. The converted rifles were denominated M.88–90.
M1890 rifle
[edit]When in 1890 semi-smokeless powder became available, manufacture of rifles with a longer and thus stronger chamber and modified sights began. Although thesmokeless powderfilledM.938×50mmR cartridge can be used in this rifle, the generated pressure at 40,000 psi (275.8 MPa) is marginal, as the wedge-lock bolt system this rifle uses was originally designed to be shot with less-potent black powder filled with11×58mmRammunition.
Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan rifle 7.62x55
[edit]China also used this rifle extensively during the Qing dynasty and the Republican era. China first bought Mannlicher 88 rifles before the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895 and after that started production of the unlicensed Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan copy.[13][14]
Users
[edit]Austria-Hungary
First Austrian Republic
Boers[15]
Kingdom of Bulgaria[16]
China[17]
Brazil:Both sides during theFederalist Revolution.[18][better source needed]
Republic of China (1912–28)[19]
Chile[20]
Czechoslovakia
Sudeten German Party
Ecuador[21]
Ethiopian Empire:Some M88/90s would be cut-down to carbine length. These are functionally identical to standard M88/90s.[6][22]
Nazi Germany:Used byVolkssturm.[23]
Kingdom of Greece:Captured from Bulgaria during theSecond Balkan Warand at the end of World War I.[5][10]
Haganah[citation needed]
Kingdom of Hungary
India[6][24]
Kingdom of Italy[6][1][25]
Persia
Philippines[2]
Second Polish Republic
Kingdom of Romania:BeforeSecond Balkan WarRomania bought circa 60.000 Mannlicher M.90 andM.95.[26]During World War I a number of M.88-90 and M.90 Mannlichers were captured from Bulgarian and Austria-Hungarian forces. Others were provided as reparations after the war. They were still in use during World War II[27]
Russian Empire
Soviet Russia
Kingdom of Serbia[28]
Kingdom of Siam:According to Steyr sales records, 15,000 M1888 rifles were furnished to Siam, most in the 1890s. Some may have been used items, sold from Austrian military stocks.[29][30]
Spain
Second Spanish Republic[31][32]
United Kingdom:Captured in Ethiopia, used by African or Indian troops in Garrison/Guard duties in Abyssinia in the 1941-42 period, and then ended up (along with all the rest of the captured Equipment) in India, the more modern rifles (M95s and Carcanos) and MGs, going to front line training ( Burma Front) and the rest (like M88) to straight training units and guard duty in the boonies of India.[6][33]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
References
[edit]- ^ab"Fucile Mannlicher 1888".Euroarms.net.Retrieved24 July2018.
- ^abcitation?
- ^"Archived copy".Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2015.Retrieved18 September2015.
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:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^"Broń strzelecka polskiego wojska w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej".ossow1920.pl.Archived fromthe originalon 4 June 2019.Retrieved18 September2015.
- ^ab"Weapons Of The Greco-Turkish War Part 1Guns Magazine.com - Guns Magazine.com".gunsmagazine.com.Archived fromthe originalon 5 October 2015.Retrieved18 September2015.
- ^abcde"M88/90 Mannlicher find. AOI and British?".forums.gunboards.com.19 June 2015.[unreliable source?]
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- ^"Info"(PDF).www.mh.sinica.edu.tw.
- ^"6 Rifles Used by the Afrikaners During the Second Boer War".17 April 2017.
- ^"Repetiergewehr M1888/90".Imperial War Museums.Retrieved26 November2023.
- ^"Antique 1886 Austrian Chinese Marked".www.aagaines.com.Archived fromthe originalon 22 July 2018.Retrieved31 May2017.
- ^"Na Revolução Federalista, em 1893, senadores chegaram a pegar em armas".www12.senado.leg.br.
- ^Philip S. Jowett (2010).Chinese Warlord Armies, 1911–30.Osprey Publishing. pp. 43–.ISBN978-1-84908-402-4.
- ^John Walter (25 March 2006).Rifles of the World.Krause Publications. pp. 263–271.ISBN0-89689-241-7.Retrieved8 September2014.
- ^Robert W.D. Ball (2 August 2011).Mauser Military Rifles of the World.Gun Digest Books. p. 127.ISBN978-1-4402-1544-5.
- ^"Mannlicher 1888/90 Ethiopian" Cut-Down "Rifles".
- ^"Small arms of the Deutscher Volkssturm part I: Nazi leaders, many of whom already had their tickets punched for Argentina, preached last-ditch resistance to the German people, and provided a motley assortment of tools for the purpose. - Free Online Library".www.thefreelibrary.com.
- ^"Mannlicher 88/90 stock markings".21 December 2016.[unreliable source?]
- ^"Italian Mannlicher M95 Rifle and Carbine".
- ^Philip Jowett (20 March 2012).Armies of the Balkan Wars 1912-13: The priming charge for the Great War.Osprey Publishing. p. 24.ISBN978-1-78096-528-4.
- ^"PART I: ROMANIAN WORLD WAR II: SMALL ARMS: PUSTI SI PISTOLUL MITRALIERA. - Free Online Library".www.thefreelibrary.com.Retrieved20 December2022.
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- ^"Small arms of the Spanish Civil War"(PDF).www.forgottenweapons.com.
- ^""AOI" -marked Mannlicher M1888 and the Meaning of "St. 91"".forums.gunboards.com.5 November 2007.[unreliable source?]
- "8 x 50 R Mannlicher - www.militaryrifles.com/Austria/88Mann.htm".militaryrifles.com. Archived fromthe originalon 14 June 2012.Retrieved22 November2013.
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