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Maralbexi County

Coordinates:39°46′43″N78°34′30″E/ 39.77861°N 78.57500°E/39.77861; 78.57500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maralbexi County
  • مارالبېشى ناھىيىسى(Uyghur)
  • Ba sở huyện(Chinese)
Bachu; Maralbashi; Maralbeshi; Pachu
County
Railway station
Railway station
Location of the county (red) within Kashgar Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Location of the county (red) within Kashgar Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Maralbexi is located in Southern Xinjiang
Maralbexi
Maralbexi
Location of the seat in Xinjiang
Maralbexi is located in Xinjiang
Maralbexi
Maralbexi
Maralbexi (Xinjiang)
Maralbexi is located in China
Maralbexi
Maralbexi
Maralbexi (China)
Coordinates:39°46′43″N78°34′30″E/ 39.77861°N 78.57500°E/39.77861; 78.57500
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
PrefectureKashgar
County seatMaralbeshi
Area
[1]
• Total18,490.59 km2(7,139.26 sq mi)
Population
(2020)[2]
• Total366,141
• Density20/km2(51/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
• Major ethnic groupsUyghur[3][4]
Time zoneUTC+8(China Standard[a])
Postal code
843800
Websitebachu.gov.cn(in Chinese)
Maralbexi County
Uyghur name
Uyghurمارالبېشى ناھىيىسى‎
Chinese name
Traditional ChineseBa sởHuyện
Simplified ChineseBa sởHuyện
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional ChineseBa nhĩ sở khắc huyện
Simplified ChineseBa nhĩ sở khắc huyện
Second alternative Chinese name
Traditional ChineseMã nhiệt lặc ba thập huyện
Simplified ChineseMã nhiệt lặc ba thập huyện

Maralbexi County[5][6](Maralbeshi,[7]Maralbishi,[8][9][10]transliterated fromUyghur:مارالبېشى ناھىيىسى;Chinese:Mã nhiệt lặc ba thập huyện),Bachu County(Chinese:Ba sở huyện), andChinese:Ba nhĩ sở khắc huyện) the former long Chinese name as well, is located in the southwest of theXinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China.The county is under the administration of theKashgar Prefecture.It has an area of 18,491 km2(7,139 sq mi), and surrounds, but does not administer, thesub-prefecture-level cityofTumxuk.According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 380,000.

History[edit]

In 1913, Maralbexi County was established.[1][11]

In September 1937, two regiments of Soviet Kirghiz troops and one regiment of Russian troops equipped with forty airplanes and twenty tanks entered Sinkiang from Atushe and attacked Maralbexi, dividingMa Hushan's 36th Corps into two sections.[12]

In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people in Maralbexi County andPayzawat County.[13]

On February 24, 2003, the2003 Bachu earthquakeoccurred.

In April 2013, twenty-one died in an incident inSeriqbuya.[14][15]

In October 2014, twenty-two died in an incident at a farmer's market in the county.[16]

According to her husband, in May-June 2017, Mailikemu Maimati / Malika Mamiti, in her 30s, native of the county and wife of businessman Mirza Imran Baig of Pakistan, in his 40s, was detained in the county'sre-education camp.After her release, she and their young son were not given their passports by Chinese authorities.[17][18]

Administrative divisions[edit]

Maralbexi County includes 4towns(بازىرى/ trấn ), 8townships(يېزىسى/ hương ):[1][3][19][20][21]


Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur(UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Administrative division code
Towns
Maralbeshi Town
(Bachu Town) 		Ba sở trấn Bāchǔ Zhèn مارالبېشى بازىرى maralbëshi baziri 653130100
Seriqbuya Town
(Selibuya Town) 		Sắc lực bố á trấn Sèlìbùyǎ Zhèn سېرىقبۇيا بازىرى sëriqbuya baziri 653130101
Awat Town
(Awati Town) 		A ngõa đề trấn Āwǎtí Zhèn ئاۋات بازىرى Awat baziri 653130102
Achal Town
(Sanchakou Town) 		Tam xóa khẩu trấn Sānchàkǒu Zhèn ئاچال بازىرى Achal baziri 653130104
Townships
Charbagh Township
(Qia'erbage Township) 		Kháp nhĩ ba cách hương Qià'ěrbāgé Xiāng چارباغ يېزىسى charbagh yëzisi 653130200
Doletbagh Township
(Duolaitibage Township) 		Đa lai đề ba cách hương Duōláitíbāgé Xiāng دۆلەتباغ يېزىسى döletbagh yëzisi 653130201
Anarkol Township
(Anakule Township) 		A nạp khố lặc hương Ānàkùlè Xiāng ئاناركۆل يېزىسى Anarköl yëzisi 653130202
Shamal Township
(Xiamale Township) 		Hạ mã lặc hương Xiàmǎlè Xiāng شامال يېزىسى shamal yëzisi 653130203
Aqsaqmaral Township
(Akesakemarele Township) 		A khắc tát khắc mã nhiệt lặc hương Ākèsàkèmǎrèlè Xiāng ئاقساقمارال يېزىسى Aqsaqmaral yëzisi 653130204
Alaghir Township
(Alagen Township) 		A lạp căn hương Ālāgēn Xiāng ئالاغىر يېزىسى Alaghir yëzisi 653130205
Chongqurchaq Township
(Qiongkuqiake Township) 		Quỳnh khố kháp khắc hương Qióngkùqiàkè Xiāng چوڭقۇرچاق يېزىسى chongqurchaq yëzisi 653130206
Yëngi'östeng Township
(Yingwusitang Township) 		Anh ngô tư thản hương Yīngwúsītǎn Xiāng يېڭىئۆستەڭ يېزىسى yëngi'östeng yëzisi 653130207

Transportation[edit]

Bachu is served by theSouthern Xinjiang RailwayandG3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway.

Economy[edit]

Agricultural products include corn, cotton, wheat and others as well assword-leaf dogbane.The central and eastern parts of the county have olddesert poplarforests. Animal herding is prominent androck saltand phosphate fertilizer are produced in the county. Industries include food processing, plastics, rug making, electricity and construction.[11]

As of 1885,there was about 30,600 acres (202,728mu) of cultivated land in Maralbexi.[22]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000375,883—
2010336,274−1.11%
[1]

As of 2015, 363,488 of the 382,186 residents of the county wereUyghur,17,816 wereHan Chineseand 882 were from other ethnic groups.[23]

As of 2019,the population of Maralbexi County was 95.13%Uyghur.[3]

As of 1999, 83.12% of the population of Maralbexi (Bachu) County was Uyghur and 16.41% of the population was Han Chinese.[24]

Geography[edit]

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Maralbexi, elevation 1,117 m (3,665 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		27.4
(81.3) 		35.4
(95.7) 		37.7
(99.9) 		40.0
(104.0) 		41.5
(106.7) 		42.6
(108.7) 		36.3
(97.3) 		30.0
(86.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		16.3
(61.3) 		42.6
(108.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		16.2
(61.2) 		24.4
(75.9) 		29.0
(84.2) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.4
(90.3) 		28.1
(82.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		19.9
(67.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		0.1
(32.2) 		9.3
(48.7) 		17.2
(63.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		24.9
(76.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.1
(77.2) 		20.5
(68.9) 		12.7
(54.9) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		12.6
(54.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −11.5
(11.3) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		2.9
(37.2) 		10.1
(50.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		18.1
(64.6) 		19.7
(67.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) −21.5
(−6.7) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		3.0
(37.4) 		6.6
(43.9) 		11.7
(53.1) 		10.3
(50.5) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−13.2
(8.2) 		−22.5
(−8.5) 		−22.5
(−8.5)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 0.8
(0.03) 		1.2
(0.05) 		2.4
(0.09) 		3.4
(0.13) 		9.7
(0.38) 		12.9
(0.51) 		19.4
(0.76) 		12.6
(0.50) 		8.0
(0.31) 		2.4
(0.09) 		0.8
(0.03) 		1.1
(0.04) 		74.7
(2.92)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.3 3.2 5.0 6.6 5.0 2.7 1.0 0.4 1.4 30.1
Average snowy days 5.0 2.2 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 4.5 12.7
Averagerelative humidity(%) 64 53 38 31 35 39 44 48 49 50 55 67 48
Mean monthlysunshine hours 161.3 169.6 183.3 214.9 265.6 293.7 300.1 277.8 253.0 249.7 200.0 155.6 2,724.6
Percentpossible sunshine 53 55 49 53 59 66 67 67 69 74 68 54 61
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[25][26]
Source 2: Weather China[27]

Notable persons[edit]

Historical maps[edit]

Historical English-language maps including Maralbexi:

  • Map including Maralbexi (labeled as PA-CH'U (MARAL BASHI)) (USATC, 1971)[b]
    Map including Maralbexi (labeled as PA-CH'U (MARAL BASHI)) (USATC,1971)[b]
  • Map including Maralbexi (labeled as PA-CH'U (MARAL BASHI)) (ATC, 1971)
    Map including Maralbexi (labeled as PA-CH'U (MARAL BASHI)) (ATC,1971)
  • From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Maralbexi (labeled as BACHU (PA-CH'U)) (DMA, 1980)[c]
    From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Maralbexi (labeled as BACHU (PA-CH'U)) (DMA,1980)[c]
  • Map including Maralbexi (labeled as BACHU (PA-CH'U)) (DMA, 1984)[d]
    Map including Maralbexi (labeled as BACHU (PA-CH'U)) (DMA,1984)[d]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Locals in Xinjiang frequently observeUTC+6(Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
  2. ^From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE".
  3. ^From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
  4. ^From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdBa sở huyện lịch sử duyên cách.XZQH.org.14 November 2014.Retrieved25 February2020.2000 niên đệ ngũ thứ nhân khẩu phổ tra, ba sở huyện thường trụ tổng nhân khẩu 375883 nhân, {...}2003 niên, ba sở huyện tổng diện tích 18490.59 bình phương thiên mễ, {...}2010 niên đệ lục thứ nhân khẩu phổ tra, ba sở huyện thường trụ tổng nhân khẩu 336274 nhân, kỳ trung: Ba sở trấn 47704 nhân, sắc lực bố á trấn 44642 nhân, a ngõa đề trấn 22232 nhân, tam xóa khẩu trấn 737 nhân, kháp nhĩ ba cách hương 27816 nhân, đa lai đề ba cách hương 28158 nhân, a nạp khố lặc hương 26408 nhân, hạ mã lặc hương 10174 nhân, a khắc tát khắc mã nhiệt lặc hương 30858 nhân, a lạp căn hương 29412 nhân, quỳnh khố kháp khắc hương 37197 nhân, anh ngô tư thản hương 24480 nhân, binh đoàn tứ thập bát đoàn 6456 nhân.
  2. ^Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  3. ^abcBa sở huyện khái huống.Ba sở huyện nhân dân chính phủ võng(in Simplified Chinese). 8 December 2019.Retrieved25 February2020.Ba sở huyện hạt 8 hương 4 trấn 1 cá lương chủng phồn dục tràng, 229 cá thôn ( xã khu ), tổng nhân khẩu 38.51 vạn nhân, kỳ trung nông thôn hộ tịch nhân khẩu 29.91 vạn nhân, hữu hán tộc, duy ngô nhĩ tộc, hồi tộc, cáp tát khắc tộc đẳng 31 cá dân tộc, duy ngô nhĩ tộc chiêm 95.13%.
  4. ^1997 niên ba sở huyện hành chính khu hoa[1997 Maralbexi County Administrative Divisions].XZQH.org.18 January 2011.Retrieved4 April2020.Khách thập địa khu hạt huyện. Vị vu khách thập địa khu đông bộ. Diện tích 21741.8 bình phương thiên mễ, nhân khẩu 33.1 vạn, hữu duy ngô nhĩ, hán, hồi đẳng dân tộc, kỳ trung duy ngô nhĩ tộc chiêm 83.03％, hán tộc chiêm 16.4％, hạt 4 trấn 8 hương.
  5. ^Zhang Dongmiao, ed. (5 March 2017)."Xinjiang finishes first round of universal health checks".Xinhua News Agency.Retrieved23 February2020.Thanks to the first universal health check in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Mtailipu Rosuli, 65, a Uygur man in Bachu (Maralbexi) County, had his first health examination of his life.
  6. ^Ben Blanchard (30 April 2013). Stephen Coates (ed.)."China says detains 19, seizes weapons after Xinjiang unrest".Reuters.Retrieved23 February2020.The government has labeled the violence in Kashgar's Maralbexi county as a "terrorist attack", though the exiled World Uyghur Congress has said the shooting and killing of a young Uighur by "Chinese armed personnel" prompted the Uighurs to retaliate.
  7. ^Joshua Lipes (22 November 2019)."Xinjiang Authorities Undermine Muslim Abstention From Pork in Bid to Assimilate Uyghurs".Radio Free Asia.Translated by Elise Anderson.Retrieved23 February2020.In October 2018, a photo was posted online by the government of Kashgar (in Chinese, Kashi) prefecture's Maralbeshi (Bachu) county, which portrayed a Uyghur village head eating a piece of pork and calling on other Uyghurs to join him. The photo was taken down shortly after publishing.
    RFA recently spoke with a village head in Maralbeshi who confirmed that the photo was real, and that local authorities are teaching people to eat pork as well.
  8. ^"Kashgar Tourism".Archived fromthe originalon 22 August 2012.Retrieved6 April2020– viaInternet Archive.Maralbishi County
  9. ^Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(2010).Kiến trúc kháng chấn thiết kế quy phạm[GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese).Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press. p.203– viaGoogle Books.Marabishi [sic] County
  10. ^"Project Beauty Unveils China's Ugly Side".Newsweek Pakistan.25 November 2013.Retrieved7 April2020.But they also argue that some officials' aggressive approach sparked resentment and violence, including an April attack by Uighurs on police in Maralbishi outside Kashgar that left 21 people dead. Beijing blamed "terrorists" who "regularly watched video clips advocating religious extremism."
  11. ^abHạ chinh nông; trần chí lập, eds. (September 2009).Từ hải: Đệ lục bản thải đồ bổn[Cihai(Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese).Shanghai:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.p. 58.ISBN978-7-5326-2859-9.
  12. ^Arthur C. Hasiotis Jr. (1987).Soviet Political, Economic, and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949.Garland Publishing.pp.102-103.ISBN0-8240-8055-6.
  13. ^Nabijan Tursun (2007).Uyghur Reader.Dunwoody Press. p.141.ISBN978-1-931546-42-3.
  14. ^Luisetta Mudie; Parameswaran Ponnudurai (24 April 2013)."Xinjiang Violence Leaves 21 Dead".Radio Free Asia.Retrieved25 February2020.
  15. ^"Overview of the Maralbeshi Incident on 23 April 2013"(PDF).World Uyghur Congress.May 2013. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 23 August 2016.
  16. ^Shohret Hoshur;Parameswaran Ponnudurai (18 October 2014)."22 Killed in Farmers' Market Attack in Xinjiang's Kashgar Prefecture".Radio Free Asia.Translated by Shohret Hoshur.Retrieved25 February2020.
  17. ^Christian Shepherd; Philip Wen (25 September 2018)."'China's big mistake': Pakistanis lobby to free wives trapped in Xinjiang ".Reuters.Retrieved7 April2020.Mirza Imran Baig, 40, who trades between his home city of Lahore and Urumqui, the Xinjiang regional capital, said his wife was detained in a "re-education" camp in her native Bachu county for two months in May and June 2017 and had been unable to leave her hometown since her release.
  18. ^Linette Lopez(15 December 2019)."China's next gambit to save its economy will export dystopia worldwide".Business Insider.Retrieved7 April2020.Pakistani businessman Mirza Imran Baig shows a picture with his Uighur wife, Malika Mamiti, outside the Pakistani embassy in Beijing. Mamiti, was sent to a political-indoctrination camp after returning to China's far west Xinjiang region in May 2017, Baig said. Scores of Pakistani men whose Muslim Uighur wives have disappeared into internment camps in China feel helpless, fighting a wall of silence as they struggle to reunite their families.
  19. ^2018 niên thống kế dụng khu hoa đại mã hòa thành hương hoa phân đại mã: Ba sở huyện(in Simplified Chinese).National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.2018.Retrieved23 February2020.Thống kế dụng khu hoa đại mã danh xưng 653130100000 ba sở trấn 653130101000 sắc lực bố á trấn 653130102000 a ngõa đề trấn 653130103000 tam xóa khẩu trấn 653130200000 kháp nhĩ ba cách hương 653130201000 đa lai đề ba cách hương 653130202000 a nạp khố lặc hương 653130203000 hạ mã lặc hương 653130204000 a khắc tát khắc mã nhiệt lặc hương 653130205000 a lạp căn hương 653130206000 quỳnh khố kháp khắc hương 653130207000 anh ngô tư thản hương 653130508000 binh đoàn tứ thập bát đoàn
  20. ^Hành chính khu hoa.Ba sở huyện nhân dân chính phủ võng(in Simplified Chinese). 24 December 2019.Retrieved23 February2020.Ba sở huyện hạt 4 cá trấn, 8 cá hương: Ba sở trấn, sắc lực bố á trấn, a ngõa đề trấn, tam xóa khẩu trấn, kháp nhĩ ba cách hương, đa lai đề ba cách hương, a nạp khố lặc hương, hạ mã lặc hương, a khắc tát khắc mã nhiệt lặc hương, a lạp cách nhĩ hương, quỳnh khố nhĩ kháp khắc hương, anh ngô tư đường hương.
  21. ^Xie Yuzhong giải ngọc trung (2003).Địa danh trung đích tân cương(in Simplified Chinese).Ürümqi:Tân cương nhân dân xuất bản xã.pp. 230–233.ISBN7-228-08004-1.
  22. ^Herold J. Wiens (November 1966)."Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia".The Journal of Asian Studies.26(1): 75.doi:10.2307/2051832.JSTOR2051832.S2CID162339064.
  23. ^3-7 các địa, châu, thị, huyện ( thị ) phân dân tộc nhân khẩu sổ(in Simplified Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 11 October 2017.Retrieved3 September2017.
  24. ^Morris Rossabi,ed. (2004).Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers(PDF).University of Washington Press.p. 179.ISBN0-295-98390-6.
  25. ^Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved10 October2023.
  26. ^ Trung quốc khí tượng sổ cư võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved10 October2023.
  27. ^Ba sở thành thị giới thiệu dĩ cập khí hầu bối cảnh phân tích.Weather China(in Chinese). Trung quốc khí tượng cục công cộng khí tượng phục vụ trung tâm.Retrieved29 November2022.

External links[edit]

Look upMaralbexi,Bachu,orPa-ch'uin Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maralbexi_County&oldid=1224454604"