Jump to content

Marazion

Coordinates:50°07′30″N5°28′34″W/ 50.125°N 5.476°W/50.125; -5.476
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the Royal Navy warship, seeHMS Marazion (1919).
Marazion
Marazion seen fromSt Michael's Mount
Marazion is located in Cornwall
Marazion
Marazion
Location withinCornwall
Population1,440
OS grid referenceSW523306
Civil parish
  • Marazion
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMARAZION
Postcode districtTR17
Dialling code01736
PoliceDevon and Cornwall
FireCornwall
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall
50°07′30″N5°28′34″W/ 50.125°N 5.476°W/50.125; -5.476
Marazion from the east

Marazion(/mærəˈzaɪən/;Cornish:Marhasyow[1]) is acivil parishand town, on the shore ofMount's BayinCornwall,England, United Kingdom. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) east ofPenzanceand the tidal island ofSt Michael's Mountis half-a-mile offshore. Atlow watera causeway links it to the town and athigh waterpassenger boats carry visitors between Marazion and St Michael's Mount.[2] Marazion is a tourist resort with an active community of artists who produce and sell paintings and pottery in the town's art galleries.

Marazion lies within theCornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty(AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park. On the western side of the town isMarazion Marsh,aRSPBreserve and aSite of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI).

History of Marazion

[edit]

Remains of an ancient bronze furnace, discovered near the town, tend to prove thattinsmelting was practised here at an early period. Marazion was not recorded in theDomesday Bookof 1088.[3]Its only charter was granted byQueen Elizabeth I.[4]

Medieval history

[edit]

The charter attributed toRobert, Count of Mortaingranted lands and liberties to St Michael's Mount opposite Marazion and included a market on Thursdays. This appears to have been held from the first on the mainland. From it is probably derived theMarghasbighan(Parvum Forum,lit. "small marketplace" ) of the earlier and theMarghasyewe(Cornish: "Thursday Market"[5]) orMarketjew(Forum Jovis) of the later charters. It may be added that a Jewish origin has been erroneously ascribed to the place from the name Marketjew.[6]

It is certain thatRichard, Earl of Cornwallprovided that the three fairs, on the two feasts of St Michael and at Mid-Lent, and the three markets which had hitherto been held by the priors of St Michael's Mount on land not their own at Marghasbighan, should in future be held on their own land at Marchadyou. He transferred in fact the fairs and markets from thedemesnelands of the Bloyous in Marazion to those of the prior. Its earliest known charter was granted in 1257.

To remedy the loss incurred by this measure Ralph Bloyou in 1331 procured for himself and his heirs a market on Mondays and a fair on the vigil, feast, and morrow of St Andrew at Marghasyon. InLeland's time the market was held at Marhasdeythyow (Forum Jovis), and both Norden (1582) and Carew (1602) tell us that Marcajewe signifies the Thursday's market, which, whether etymologically sound or not, shows that the prior's market had prevailed over its rival. In 1595, Queen Elizabeth granted to Marazion a charter of incorporation. This ratified the grant of St Andrew's fair, provided for another on the Feast of St Barnabas and established a market on Saturdays.

The corporation was to consist of a mayor, eight aldermen and twelve capital burgesses. This corporation continued to administer the affairs of the borough until it was dissolved under theMunicipal Corporations Act 1883.[7]The chairman of the commissioners retains possession of the regalia. Of the fairs, only the Michaelmas fair has survived and all the markets have gone. The seal of the borough of Marazion wasOn a shield the arms three castles triple turreted,with the legend "Semper Eadem".[8]

It is stated that Marazion formerly had the right of returning two members to parliament.Dr Borlasegives the name of two, who in 1658, were re-elected: Richard Mlyll, Esq and Thomas Westlake, Esq; but the inhabitants petitioned against them taking their seats because they were unable to pay expenses for their attendance.[9]

Modern history

[edit]

Under theCommonwealthan attempt was made to secure or recover the right, and two members are said to have been returned, but they were not allowed to take their seats. Marazion was once a flourishing town, owing its prosperity to the throng of pilgrims who came to visit St Michael's Mount (this ceased at the time of the Reformation). During the first half of the 16th century it was twice plundered; first by the French, and later by Cornish rebels. The rise and progress of the neighbouring borough ofPenzancein the 17th century marginalised Marazion.

Penwith is believed to be the last part of Cornwall to speak Cornish as a community language.Dolly Pentreath,the last recorded speaker came fromPaulin Penwith. A year following the death of Dolly Pentreath,Barringtonreceived a letter, written in Cornish and accompanied by an English translation, from a fisherman inMouseholenamed William Bodinar stating that he knew of five people who could speak Cornish in that village alone. Barrington also speaks of a John Nancarrow from Marazion who was a native speaker and survived into the 1790s.[10]

The graveyard ofGulvalchurch is home to the remains of local pirate and smuggler John 'Eyebrows' Thomas of Marazion.

TheWest Cornwall RailwayopenedMarazion railway stationon 11 March 1852 and its goods yard handled a large volume of perishable traffic – fish, fruit, and vegetables – from the surrounding farms and harbours. Marazion station closed to passenger traffic in October 1964 and to freight in December 1965.[11]For many years the site of the closed station was home toPullmanrailway carriages which were used ascamping coaches.The site, though not conveniently located, is on Cornwall's still-operating passenger main-line, so there are aspirations to re-open it.

TheRoyal National Lifeboat Institutionopened a 'Marazion Lifeboat Station' in 1990, although theD-class (EA16)inshorelifeboatwas actually kept in a shed on the quayside on St Michael's Mount. The station was closed on 31 October 2001 as it was proving difficult to find enough volunteer crew members. The boat was transferred to the neighbouringPenlee Lifeboat StationatNewlynon the other side of Mounts Bay where there is a larger population to draw the crews from.[12]

At the end of the Second World War a number of naval vessels, the most famous of which was the battleshipHMSWarspitewere broken up on the beaches at Marazion. HMSWarspitewas beached and broken up in 1947.

In 2021, the town received a brief spike in publicity after submitting itself for consideration for city status as part ofQueen Elizabeth II'sjubilee celebrations. The bid was considered by most to be hopeless, however if granted, Marazion would have been the smallest city in the UK, taking the title fromSt DavidsinWales.


Local government

[edit]

The A394 road between Marazion,HelstonandPenrynwas once run byHelston Turnpike Roads Trust,which chargedtollsfor using the road. On 1 November 1880 the Trust put up for auction thetoll housesat Marazion andWendronas well as ″materials″ such as granite posts, chains, gates, etc.[13]The charging of tolls ended on 7 November 1880 and the road came under the management of the County (note:Cornwall County Councilwas not formed until 1889).[14][15]

From 1894 to 1974, Marazion was part ofWest Penwith Rural Districtand in a reorganisation of local government in 1974 became part ofPenwith District Council.Following the 1974 reorganisation Marazion parish regained its town status and right to elect a Mayor from the Marazion Town Council. As an historical oddity the civic regalia of the Mayor is still held by the Marazion Town Trust: for a Mayoral election in Marazion it is still a requirement for the Mayor-Elect to be appointed the Chairman of the Trust before the actual appointment can take place (this is reflected in the process of the Mayor choosing ceremony where two nominations take place for two separate offices).Cornwall Councilis now the principal local authority in the area (since April 2009). The coat of arms of the town of Marazion appears on the seal as three castles triple turreted and the motto is "Semper eadem" (Always the same).[16]Marazion made an outsider bid forcity statusin 2021.[17]

The population in 2011 was 1,440[18]and the electoral ward population which includes surrounding villages was 4,625[19]

Cornish languagewelcome sign.

Architecture

[edit]
Marazion Town Hall

The lack of notable or historic buildings ledNikolaus Pevsnerto omit the town entirely from the first edition of hisBuildings of Englandaccount of Cornwall. In the second edition Marazion is described as "attractive as a whole" and he says of the area near the ferry port: the "cobbled pavements and old houses.. give a look of Lyme Regis to the old centre of the town". Nevertheless, several notable architectural buildings lie in the eastern part of Marazion includingChymorvah Houseand theMount Haven Hotelnext to it, once one of the most haunted hotels in Cornwall, with views of the mount from its terrace. Also of note areMarazion Town Halland the Marazion War Memorial.[20]

The Old Manor House on Fore Street is a Grade II listed building. The Listing states that it was built circa 1775 for William Cornish a former mayor; extensions were added in the mid 19th century at the rear and the east side of the building. During an unstated number of years in the 1800s, this was the home of noted architectJames Piers St Aubyn.[21]It was more recently owned by the fashion designer,Jeff Banks.The property was listed for sale in 2019. The listing report stated that the house included "original slate floors, open fireplaces, sash windows, exposed beams, intricate cornices and wood panelling" and featured views ofSt Michael's Mount.[22]

Pevsner mentions one grand Georgian house at the west end of the town. This is known as the Rookery or Manor Office and was built from 1775 onwards for Marazion merchant John Blewett, but incomplete when he died in 1777.[23]It is also a Grade II listed building.[24]

Churches

[edit]

The original parish church is atSt Hilary.In Marazion there was a chapel of ease dedicated to St Hermes (recorded in 1308): by 1735 it had become ruinous and was rebuilt. In 1861 a new church (dedicated to All Saints) was built on the same site which became a parish church in 1893.[25]The architect wasJ. P. St Aubyn.The Ebenezer (Free Methodist Church) chapel at the west end of the town is a classical revival building of 1862 with galleries, Grade II listed[26]and now turned into private dwellings. The Grade II listed Wesleyan Methodist Church[27]on Fore Street was built 1893-1895 and replaced the earlier (1811) Wesleyan chapel across the road, which was sold following storm damage and demolished to make way for private dwellings. The Friends Meeting House on Beacon Road dates from c.1688[28](with limited remodelling 1742 and circa 1880) and is a classic simple Quaker meeting house still in use today.

Media

[edit]

Local TV coverage is provided byBBC South WestandITV West Country.Television signals are received from theRedruthTV transmitter[29]and one of the two local relay transmitters (Gulval[30]and Alverton[31]).

Local radio stations areBBC Radio Cornwallon 103.9 FM,Heart Weston 107.0 FM,Pirate FMon 102.8 FM andCoast FM(formerly Penwith Radio), a community based station which broadcasts on 96.5 and 97.2 FM.[32]

The town is served by the local newspaper,The Cornishman.

Sport

[edit]
Burgee of Mount's Bay Sailing Club, based in Marazion[33]

Marazion Blues are anassociation footballteam, founded in 1906, and disbanded in 2017 because of a lack of players.[34]They were members of theCornwall Combination Leaguefrom 1961 to 2004, twice champions in 1978 and 1980 and cup winners in 1972 and 1979.[35][36]The Blues restarted in July 2018 and will play in theTrelawny League.[34]

Cornish wrestling

[edit]

Cornish wrestlingtournaments, for prizes, have been held in Marazion at the Rookery Gardens,[37]Marazion Green[38]and in the field adjoining Marazion Bridge.[39][40]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Archived copy".Archived fromthe originalon 10 May 2013.Retrieved10 May2013.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203Land's EndISBN978-0-319-23148-7
  3. ^Darby, H.C.; G. R. Versey (2008).Domesday Gazetteer.Cambridge University Press. p. 49.ISBN978-0521078580.
  4. ^Cockburn, Alexander James Edmund (1835).The Corporations of England and Wales; Containing a Succinct Account of the Constitution, Privileges, Powers, Revenues, and Expenditure of Each Corporation: Together with Details Shewing the Practical Working of the Corporate Volume 1.p. 17.
  5. ^O.J. Padel(1988).A Popular History of Cornish Place-Names.Alison Hodge.
  6. ^Encyclopaedia Londinensis. 1816.p.334.
  7. ^Municipal Corporations Act 1883 (46 & 46 Vict. Ch. 18)(PDF).1883.Retrieved22 December2021.
  8. ^Pascoe, W. H. (1979).A Cornish Armory.Padstow, Cornwall: Lodenek Press. p. 133.ISBN0-902899-76-7.
  9. ^"The Last of a Borough".The Cornishman.No. 433. 28 October 1886. p. 7.
  10. ^Ellis, P. B. (1971)The Story of the Cornish Language.Tor Mark Press
  11. ^Backtrack magazine;Pendragon Publishing; Volume 7; 1993; pp 118-125
  12. ^Leach, Nicholas (2006) [2000].Cornwall's Lifeboat Heritage.Chacewater: Twelveheads Press. p. 41.ISBN0-906294-43-6.
  13. ^"Helston Turnpike Roads (Advertisement)".The Cornishman.No. 119. 21 October 1880. p. 1.
  14. ^"Missed But Not Wanted".The Cornishman.No. 120. 28 October 1880. p. 4.
  15. ^"The Turnpike Roads Between Falmouth And Penzance".The Cornishman.No. 128. 28 October 1880. p. 5.
  16. ^Pascoe, W. H.A Cornish Armory.Padstow: Lodenek Press, 1979; p. 133
  17. ^"Cornish town withdraws audacious bid to become smallest UK city after government rule change",Independent,6 January 2022
  18. ^"Marazion".Retrieved25 March2017.
  19. ^"ward population at 2011 census".Archived fromthe originalon 3 March 2016.Retrieved9 February2015.
  20. ^"Marazion War Memorial".War Memorials Online.Retrieved22 December2021.
  21. ^Historic England."The Old Manor House or Chy-An-Eglos and stables at rear (1159421)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved22 December2021.
  22. ^This romantic residence in Marazion overlooks Saint Michael’s Mount
  23. ^"Will of John Blewett of Marazion".Kresen Kernow.Retrieved25 April2024.
  24. ^"The Manor Office".Historic England.Retrieved25 April2024.
  25. ^Cornish Church Guide(1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 153
  26. ^"Free Methodist Church".Historic England.Retrieved25 April2024.
  27. ^"Methodist Church, Forecourt and Steps".Historic England.Retrieved25 April2024.
  28. ^"Friends Meeting House".Historic England.Retrieved25 April2024.
  29. ^"Full Freeview on the Redruth (Cornwall, England) transmitter".UK Free TV.1 May 2004.Retrieved11 February2024.
  30. ^"Freeview Light on the Gulval (Cornwall, England) transmitter".UK Free TV.1 May 2004.Retrieved11 February2024.
  31. ^"Freeview Light on the Alverton (Cornwall, England) transmitter".UK Free TV.1 May 2004.Retrieved11 February2024.
  32. ^"Volunteer run Penwith Radio to change its name to Coast FM".falmouthpacket.co.uk.Retrieved4 February2017.
  33. ^"Our Club".Mount's Bay Sailing Club.Retrieved1 April2024.
  34. ^ab"Blues Back in Business at Marazion".The Cornishman.5 July 2018. p. 72.
  35. ^"List of Champions".Cornwall Combination League.Retrieved10 July2018.
  36. ^"List of League Cup Winners".Cornwall Combination League.Retrieved10 July2018.
  37. ^Cornish Guardian, 16 July 1970.
  38. ^Cornish Post and Mining News 07 May 1932.
  39. ^Barton RM,Life in Cornwall in the mid 19th Century,D Bradford Barton Ltd (Truro) 1971, p1872.
  40. ^Royal Cornwall Gazette, 20 September 1850.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toMarazion.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marazion&oldid=1233406152"