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Margot Sponer

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Margot Sponer
Black and white photograph of Margot Sponer's face and upper body
Sponer in 1920
Born(1898-02-10)10 February 1898
Neisse,German Empire(present-day Poland)
Died27 April 1945(1945-04-27)(aged 47)
Berlin,Germany
RelativesHertha Sponer(sister)
Academic background
EducationPhD
Alma materFriedrich Wilhelm University
ThesisAltgalizische Urkunden(1935)
Academic work
DisciplineLinguistics
Sub-disciplineRomance studies
InstitutionsFriedrich Wilhelm University

Margot Sponer(10 February 1898 – 27 April 1945) was a German philologist, teacher, freelance translator, and resistance fighter. She worked as a lecturer ofSpanishatFriedrich Wilhelm Universityfrom 1929 to 1932, and again from 1937 to 1942. After her dismissal from the university, Sponer worked as a freelance translator while she was active in theresistance to Nazism,using her international contacts to help people escape from government persecution, which she was arrested for in 1942. She reportedly died in 1945 after being dragged out of her home and shot by members of theSchutzstaffelduring theBattle of Berlin.She was the younger sister of physicist and chemistHertha Sponer.

Biography

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Early life and education

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Margot Sponer was born 10 February 1898 inNeisse,Silesia,then part of theGerman Empire,to merchant Robert Franz and Elsabeth Sponer (néeHeerde), three years after the birth of her sisterHertha Sponer.In 1919, Sponer finished her secondary education inQuedlinburg,after which she studiedRomanceandGermanicphilology,in addition toArabicat universities in several cities:Halle,Leipzig,Neapel,Grenoble,MadridandBerlin.[1]

In April 1929, Sponer started working as an assistant teacher of Spanish atFriedrich Wilhelm Universityto support herself financially, prepare for exams, and complete her dissertation. She defended her doctoral thesis "Documents in Old Galician" (German:Altgalizische Urkunden) in July 1931.[1]In it, she determined the regions where 156 Galician-language documents from the 10th to 15th century were written, and made them available in a searchable index.[2]The documents were procured from other linguists she encountered in Galicia and Portugal in the Summer and Autumn of 1926.[3]

She left her position as teacher in the winter semester of 1932/1933, and afterNazi seizure of powerlater that year, she moved to Spain. Little is known about her time in Spain, but in 1934 she is known to have translated one of the lectures of her sister in Madrid. On 20 June 1935, four years after her dissertation, she received her doctorate inGalicianphilology withmagna cum laudewhile in Spain. Her doctoral advisors wereErnst Gammlscheg[de]andEduard Wechssler[de].After the outbreak of theSpanish Civil Warin 1936, she moved back to Germany.[1]

Academic career

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During her time in Spain, she published several works on Romance languages inIberia,including "Catalan dialects" (German:Katalanische Mundarten) distributed through the Institute of Phonetic Research onvinyl recordsin Berlin in 1931. These were recordings of northernCatalan dialectsaccompanied by booklets with translations,phonetic transcriptions,and cursory notes on unique linguistic features in the introduction. She further wrotetextual criticismsof medieval Hispanic sources, e.g. ofRamon Lull's "Libre de Consolació s’Ermità",written in 1313.[2]

On 26 April 1937, Sponer returned to work at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University in Berlin, where she received a position as lecturer of Spanish.[1]She went on a research trip to Mexico and the United States in 1938. In her report of the trip she wrote of her economic incentives for going, alongside detailed information on the educational system of Mexico, and the statistics on foreigners in the country. It also included a critical assessment of the ruling leftist government.[2]

In 1940, her teaching position was moved to the newly formed Faculty of Foreign Studies. In December later that year, she started working as a substitute teacher of Spanish at theWirtschaftshochschule Berlin[de].She went on further research trips to Spain, once in 1940, and again in 1941.[1]

Sponer was dismissed from her position at the university on 1 October 1942 due to her "incompatibility" with the head of the Spanish department of the faculty she was in. TheReich Ministry of Science, Education and Culturesided with the faculty and rejected her appeal. In November, she wrote to the ministry again to have her dismissal rescinded, but this was also rejected.[1]

Resistance to Nazism

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Following her dismissal from the university, Sponer stayed in Berlin[3]and worked as a freelance translator, and was hired intermittently by theforeign ministry of Germany.[2]Meanwhile, she used her international network of contracts[3]to aid those being persecuted by the government.[2]In 1942, she was arrested by theGestapofor helping Jews escape persecution, though not much is known about the circumstances that led to her arrest.[1]

In her university's archives, it says that she died in February 1945 atNeuengamme concentration camp,but there are no sources that corroborate this.[1]According to eye witness reports,[2]she was dragged out of her home in theWilmersdorfborough of Berlin and shot dead by members of theSchutzstaffelon 27 April 1945, three days before theRed Armywould arrive there during theBattle of Berlin.[4]

References

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  1. ^abcdefghVogt, Annette (2001)."Eine vergessene Widerstandskämpferin. Die Wissenschaftlerin Margot Sponer (1898–1945)"[A forgotten resistance fighter. The scholar Margot Sponer (1898–1945)].Berlinische Monatsschrift(in German).5.Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein[de]e. V.Archivedfrom the original on 18 April 2021.
  2. ^abcdefMaas, Utz."Verfolgung und Auswanderung deutschsprachiger Sprachforscher 1933–1945"[Persecution and emigration of germanophone linguists 1933–1945] (in German).Leibniz Association.Archivedfrom the original on 3 January 2022.
  3. ^abcFigueroa Lernazana, Antón (2018) [2017]."Margot Sponer: Do galego antigo ás fronteiras da resitencia"[Margot Sponer: From Old Galician to the fronts of resistance].Madrygal: Revista de Estudios Gallegos(in Galician).21.Complutense University of Madrid.doi:10.5209/MADR.62630.S2CID165586295.Archivedfrom the original on 4 July 2022.
  4. ^Vogt, Annette (9 January 2013). "Vom Wiederaufbau der Berliner Universität bis zum Universitäts-Jubiläum 1960". In Tenorth, Heinz-Elmar (ed.).Sozialistisches Experiment und Erneuerung in der Demokratie – die Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 1945–2010(in German). Vol. 3.Akademie Verlag.pp. 131–132.doi:10.1524/9783050063133.ISBN9783050063133.Margot Sponer [...] wurde am 27. April 1945 von der SS in Berlin erschossen, drei Tage bevor die Rote Armee den Stadtbezirk Wilmersdorf, wo sie in der Bregenzerstr. 4 wohnte und von den Mördern abgeholt wurde, erreichte.[Margot Sponer [...] was shot by the SS in Berlin on 27 April 1945, three days before the Red Army would reach the borough of Wilmersdorf, where she lived in Bregenzerstraße 4 and was dragged out by her murderers.]{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)
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