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Margrethe II

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For other people with the same name, seeMargaret of Denmark (disambiguation).

Margrethe II
Margrethe II in 2012
Queen of Denmark
Reign14 January 1972 –14 January 2024
PredecessorFrederik IX
SuccessorFrederik X
Born(1940-04-16)16 April 1940(age 84)
Amalienborg, Copenhagen,Denmark
Spouse
​
​
(m.1967;died2018)​
Issue
Detail
Names
Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid
HouseGlücksburg[1]
FatherFrederik IX of Denmark
MotherIngrid of Sweden
ReligionChurch of Denmark
SignatureMargrethe II's signature

Margrethe II(Danish:[mɑˈkʁeˀtə];Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is a member of theDanish royal familywho reigned asQueen of Denmarkfrom 14 January 1972 untilher abdicationon 14 January 2024. Having reigned for exactly 52 years, she was the second-longest reigning Danish monarch afterChristian IV.

Margrethe was born into theHouse of Glücksburg,acadet branchof theHouse of Oldenburg,during the reign of her paternal grandfather,King Christian X.She is the eldest child ofKing Frederik IXandQueen Ingrid.She becameheir presumptiveto her father in 1953, whena constitutional amendmentallowed women to inherit the throne. In 1967, she marriedHenri de Laborde de Monpezat,with whom she had two sons,FrederikandJoachim.Margrethe succeeded her father upon his death in January 1972.

Margrethe has worked as ascenographer,acostume designer,and anillustrator of works by J. R. R. Tolkien.Support for themonarchy in Denmark,alongside her personal popularity, gradually rose throughout the course of her reign, attaining around eighty percent by the time of her abdication. She was succeeded by her elder son, Frederik X.

Early life and education[edit]

Margrethe (left) with her parents and sisters, 1954

Margrethe was born on 16 April 1940 at 10:10CETatFrederik VIII's Palace,in her parents' residence atAmalienborg,the principal residence of theDanish royal familyin the district ofFrederiksstadenin centralCopenhagen.[2]She was the first child ofCrown Prince Frederik(later King Frederik IX) andCrown Princess Ingrid(later Queen Ingrid). Her father was the elder son of the then-reigningKing Christian X,while her mother was the only daughter of Crown PrinceGustaf Adolfof Sweden (later King Gustaf VI Adolf). Her birth took place just one week after the beginning ofNazi Germany'soccupation of Denmarkfollowing thewar invasion.[3]

Princess Margrethe wasbaptisedon 14 May in theHolmen Churchin Copenhagen.[4]Her godparents were her grandfathers, King Christian X of Denmark andCrown Prince Gustaf Adolfof Sweden; her maternal great-grandfathers,King Gustaf V of SwedenandPrince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn;her unclesPrince Knud of DenmarkandPrince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten;as well as her first cousin twice removed,Prince Axel of Denmark.[2]She was named Margrethe – the Danish variation of her late maternal grandmotherCrown Princess Margareta of Sweden's name – Alexandrine after her paternal grandmother,Queen Alexandrine,and Ingrid after her mother. Since her paternal grandfather was alsoKing of Icelandat the time of her birth, she was given theIcelandicname Þórhildur.[5]Like her maternal grandmother, Margrethe is known affectionately as "Daisy" to her family and close friends.[6]

The birth of Margrethe's younger sistersBenedikteandAnne-Mariefollowed in 1944 and 1946 respectively. The princesses grew up in apartments at Frederik VIII's Palace at Amalienborg in Copenhagen and inFredensborg PalaceinNorth Zealand.Margrethe spent summer holidays with the royal family in her parents' summer residence atGråsten PalaceinSouthern Jutland.On 20 April 1947, following the death of Christian X, Margrethe's father ascended the throne as Frederik IX.[7]

Education[edit]

Margrethe was educated at the private schoolN. Zahle's Schoolin Copenhagen, from which she graduated in 1959. She spent a year atNorth Foreland Lodge,a boarding school for girls inHampshire,England,[8]and later studiedprehistoricarchaeologyatGirton College, Cambridge,during 1960–1961,political scienceatAarhus Universitybetween 1961 and 1962, attended theSorbonnein 1963, and was at theLondon School of Economicsin 1965.[citation needed]She is aFellowof theSociety of Antiquaries of London.[3]

Margrethe is fluent inDanish,French, English,Swedishand German, and has a limited knowledge ofFaroese.[citation needed]

Heir presumptive[edit]

Princess Margrethe in August 1966

At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, owing to the changes in succession laws enacted in the 1850s when theGlücksburgbranch was chosen to succeed. As Margrethe had no brothers, it was assumed that her unclePrince Knudwould one day assume the throne.[9]

The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after Margrethe's father ascended the throne and it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. The popularity of Frederik and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by a referendum, which occurred on 27 March 1953. The newAct of Successionpermitted femalesuccessionto the throne of Denmark, according tomale-preference cognatic primogeniture,where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a brother. Princess Margrethe therefore becameheir presumptive.[3]In 2009, the law of succession was modified into absolute primogeniture.[10]

Margrethe attended the traditional New Year Courts for the first time in 1956.[2]On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April 1958, Margrethe was given a seat in theCouncil of State.She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King.[3]In 1960, together with her first cousin,Princess Margaretha of Sweden,andPrincess Astrid of Norway,she travelled to the United States, which included a visit to Los Angeles, and to theParamount Studios,where they met several celebrities, includingDean Martin,Jerry LewisandElvis Presley.[11]

She paid her first visit to the Faroe Islands in 1959, alongside her parents and sisters, and to Greenland in 1960.[2]

Marriage and family[edit]

See also:Wedding of Princess Margrethe and Henri de Laborde de Monpezat
Margrethe and Henri in 1966

While Margrethe studied in London, she met the French diplomat,Henri de Laborde de Monpezat,who was legation secretary at theFrench Embassyin London. Their engagement was announced on 5 October 1966. They were married on 10 June 1967, at theHolmen Churchin Copenhagen, and the wedding reception was held atFredensborg Palace.[3]Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danishthrone.[3]They were married for over fifty years, until his death on 13 February 2018.[3]

Less than a year after the wedding, Margrethe gave birth to her first child, a son, on 26 May 1968. By tradition, Danish kings were alternately named either Frederik or Christian. She chose to maintain this by assuming the position of a Christian, and thus named her elder sonFrederik.The following year, a second child, namedJoachim,was born on 7 June 1969.[3]

In 1974, she and Henrik purchasedChâteau de Cayxin the wine district ofCahorsinSouthern France.[2]

Margrethe announced in 2008 that her male-line descendants would bear the additional title ofCountorCountess of Monpezatin recognition of her husband's ancestry.[12]

In 2022, the Queen announced that, from the start of 2023, the descendants of Prince Joachim will only be able to use their titles of Count and Countess of Monpezat, their previous titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark ceasing to exist. To allow the children, who were never expected to hold an official role within the royal family, to have normal lives, the Queen wanted "to create a framework for the four grandchildren, to a much greater degree, to be able to shape their own existence without being limited by the special considerations and obligations that a formal affiliation with the Royal House as an institution implies".[13]Her son, Joachim, daughter-in-law,Marie,former daughter-in-law,Alexandra,and eldest grandson,Nikolai,publicly expressed shock and confusion because of the decision,[14]after which Margrethe released a statement in which she said that it saddened her that she had upset Joachim's family.[15]

Along with her late husband, Margrethe has keptdachshundssince the 1970s.[2]She currently has one dog, the dachshund Tilia, who was Prince Henrik's dog until his death in 2018.

Reign[edit]

Accession[edit]

Margrethe (centre-right) seated with her cousin, then-crown princeCarl Gustafof Sweden, and PresidentUrho Kekkonenof Finland at the 90th birthday celebration ofGustaf VI Adolf,November 1972

Shortly after King Frederik IX delivered his New Year's Address to the Nation at the 1971/72 turn of the year, he fell ill, and died 14 days later on 14 January 1972. Margrethe succeeded to the throne at the age of 31, becoming the first femaleDanishsovereignunder the new Act of Succession. She was proclaimed Queen from the balcony ofChristiansborg Palacethe following day by Prime MinisterJens Otto Krag.She chose to be known as Margrethe II — theregnal numbertaken in recognition of the 14th century Danish regent,Margrethe,who was publicly known as "Queen Margrethe" despite never being crowned.[2]

The Queen chose themotto:"God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength" (Danish:Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke).[citation needed]She relinquished all the monarch's former titles except the title toDenmark,hence her style "By the Grace of God,Queen of Denmark "(Danish:Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning).

Constitutional role[edit]

Margrethe hosting Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in Denmark, April 2010

The Queen's main tasks were to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figure at home. She performs the latter by opening exhibitions, attending anniversaries and inaugurating bridges, among other things. She receives foreign ambassadors and awards honours and medals.

As a constitutional sovereign, Margrethe took no part in party politics and does not express any political opinions. Although she had the right to vote, she opted not to do so to avoid even the appearance of partisanship.[3]

The Queen held a meeting with theprime ministerand theforeign affairs ministerevery Wednesday, unless either she or the prime minister was outside of thekingdom.

After an election where the incumbent prime minister does not have a majority behind him or her, the Queen held a "Dronningerunde"(Queen's meeting) in which she met the chairmen of each of theDanish political parties.[16]

Margrethe with Michelle Obama at the White House, June 2011

Each party has the choice of selecting a royal investigator to lead these negotiations or alternatively, give the incumbent prime minister the mandate to continue his or her government as is. In theory each party could choose its own leader as royal investigator, as the social liberalDet Radikale Venstredid in 2006, but often only one royal investigator is chosen plus the prime minister, before each election. The leader who, at that meeting succeeds in securing a majority of the seats in theFolketing,is by royal decree charged with the task of forming a new government. (No party has held an absolute majority in the Folketing since 1903.)

Once the government had been formed, it was formally appointed by the Queen. Officially, it was the Queen who was thehead of state,and she therefore presided over the Council of State (privy council), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers were exercised by theCabinet of Denmark.

It was customary for Margrethe as the Danish monarch to host annual New Yearlevées.Every year on 1 January, a banquet was held for the government, the Speaker of theDanish Parliament,representatives of official Denmark and the Royal Court at Christian VIII's Palace atAmalienborg.On day two, a levée was held at Christian VIII's Palace for the justices ofSupreme Court of Denmarkand the Officer Corps ofThe Royal Life GuardsandThe Guard Hussar Regiment,followed by a levée atChristiansborg Palacefor thediplomatic corps.On day three, a levée was held for officers from the Defence and the Danish Emergency Management Agency, the I., II. and III. ranking classes as well as invited representatives of major national organisations and the royal patronages.[17]

Official duties[edit]

Margrethe surrounded by her family waving to crowds on her 70th birthday in April 2010

Up to the end of her reign, Margrethe held 72 Danish and 8 foreign patronages as queen, includingAarhus Festuge,ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum,DaneAge Association,Danes Worldwide,theDanish Animal Welfare Society[da],theDanish Cancer Society[da],Den Gamle By,Det Classenske Fideicommis,theDanish Bible Society[da],Det Kongelige Vajsenhus,Diakonissestiftelsen,Foreningen Norden,Land of Legends (Sagnlandet Lejre),M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark,Moesgaard Museum,National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark,Nyborg Slot,Rebild National Park,theRoyal Danish Academy of Music,Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,Royal Danish Yacht Club,Rungstedlund Foundation[da],Sankt Lukas Stiftelsen,Vallø stiftandVemmetofte.[18]

A pillar of her reign was an intricate knowledge of and connection to all parts of theDanish Realm.In 2016, she contributed to a book about Denmark's history.[19]

Until her abdication, Margrethe served ascolonel-in-chiefof thePrincess of Wales's Royal Regiment,an infantry regiment of theBritish Army,following a tradition dating back to 1906 whenEdward VII,married toAlexandra of Denmark,appointed his brother-in-law,Frederik VIII of Denmark,colonel-in-chief of the thenBuffs (Royal East Kent Regiment).[3][20][21]

Assovereign,Margrethe received 42 officialstate visitsand she undertook 55 foreign state visits herself. She andthe royal familyhave made several other foreign visits.[22][23]

Residences[edit]

As queen, her official residences wereAmalienborg(where she resides atChristian IX's Palace) in Copenhagen andFredensborg PalacenearHillerød.Her summer residences wereMarselisborg Palace[24]nearAarhusandGråsten Palace[25]nearSønderborg,the former home of her mother, Queen Ingrid, who died in 2000.[26]

Immigration debate[edit]

In her annual New Year's Eve address in 1984, the Queen addressed thexenophobiaexperienced by many immigrants in Denmark:

We have the peace, the free political life and social relations that make our country a sought-after haven for many. Refugees from very different backgrounds come here, sometimes injured in both mind and body. We welcome them and are probably also a little proud that they have chosen our little paradise, but when we see them fumbling with our way of life and our language, hospitality becomes difficult all too quickly, and disappointment sets in on both sides. There are also others who have felt that, namely theguest workersand their families (...) Then we come with our 'Danish humour' and little cocky remarks. Then we meet them with coolness, and then it is not far to harassment and rougher methods – we cannot allow that. If we want the new year to be better than the old, then here is a good place to start.

The term "cocky remarks" (dumsmarte bemærkninger,lit. 'dumb-slick remarks') has since become an integrated part of the Danish vocabulary.[27]

In an interview within the 2016 bookDe dybeste rødder(The Deepest Roots), according to historians at theSaxo Instituteof theUniversity of Copenhagen,Margrethe showed a change in attitude to immigration towards a more conservative stance. She stated that the Danish people should have more explicitly clarified the rules and values ofDanish culturein order to be able to teach them to new arrivals. She further stated that the Danes in general have underestimated the difficulties involved in successful integration of immigrants, exemplified with the rules of a democracy not being clarified to Muslim immigrants and a lack of readiness to enforce those rules. This was received as a change in line with the attitude of the Danish people.[28][29]

Silver, Ruby and Golden Jubilees[edit]

See also:Golden Jubilee of Margrethe II
Faroese stamps marking the Queen's silver jubilee in 1997 and her ruby jubilee in 2012

Margrethe marked herSilver Jubileein 1997 with a religious service and a gala dinner attended by fellow Scandinavian royals.[citation needed]She celebrated herRuby Jubilee,the 40th year on the throne, on 14 January 2012.[30]This was marked by a church service, concert, carriage procession, gala banquet atChristiansborg Palaceand numerous TV interviews.[citation needed]

The Queen'sGolden Jubileewas marked on 14 January 2022, with celebrations to take place later in the year. In September, following thedeath of Queen Elizabeth IIof the United Kingdom, it was announced by the Royal House that it was "Her Majesty The Queen's wish that a number of adjustments be made" to the upcoming celebrations.[31]

Between Elizabeth II's death and her abdication, Margrethe was Europe's longest-reigning monarch, the world's onlyqueen regnant,and the longest-serving incumbent female head of state.[32]

Sitting reign record[edit]

In July 2023, theDanish Royal Houserecognized Margrethe II as Denmark's longest reigning sitting monarch.[33][34]ThoughChristian IVreigned for over 59 years between 1588 and 1648, he was not officially installed until 1596, ruling with a "guardian government" up until then.[33]

Abdication[edit]

Main article:Abdication of Margrethe II

In her annual live broadcast New Year's Eve address on 31 December 2023, Margrethe announced her abdication, which took place on 14 January 2024, the 52nd anniversary of her accession to the throne.[35]She said that time had taken its "toll", that her number of "ailments" had increased, and that she cannot undertake as many duties as in the past. She cited her extensive back surgery in February 2023, and said that the operation made her reassess her position and consider "whether now would be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation".[36]

Margrethe's elder son, Frederik, assumed the throne asFrederik X.[37][38]Mirroring her first New Year Address in 1973, she said of the succession: "The support and assistance which I have received throughout the years, have been crucial to the success of my task. It is my hope that the new King and Queen will be met with the same trust and devotion which have fallen to my lot."[36]

Since her abdication, Margrethe has been referred to as "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II" or "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe".[39][40]Margrethe is eligible to serve as regent in the event of the incapacity or absence of the King and Crown Prince Christian. As regent, Margrethe can perform the duties of the head of state on certain occasions, for example during Frederik and Christian's stays abroad.[41]

Health issues[edit]

Henrik lighting a cigarette for Margrethe, 1966

Queen Margrethe II has had a number of health issues. Since the 1990s, she has undergone several operations on her right knee due to injuries andosteoarthritis.In 1994, she was treated forcervical cancer.[42]In 2003, she underwent a 4.5 hour long operation forspinal stenosis.[43]

On 9 February 2022, the Danish court disclosed in a press release that the Queen had contractedCOVID-19.[44]On 13 February, the Queen was able to leave home isolation after having had a mild case of the virus.[45]On 21 September 2022, the Danish Royal House disclosed in a press release that Margrethe had tested positive for COVID-19 a second time after attending thestate funeralofElizabeth II,her third cousin, in London.[46][47]She left home isolation again on 26 September and resumed her official duties immediately, stating that she felt fine.[48]

On 22 February 2023, the Queen underwent "major back surgery" atRigshospitaletdue to continued back pain.[49]In a statement the following day, a representative for the Queen said that the surgery had gone well and that she had already been up for a walk.[43]She was discharged from the hospital on 2 March,[49][50]and returned from sick leave on her birthday on 16 April.

Margrethe has been achain smokerand is well known for her tobacco habit.[51]On 23 November 2006, the Danish newspaperB.T.printed an announcement from the Royal Court that the Queen would henceforth smoke only in private. She has not smoked since her spinal surgery in February 2023.[52]

Public image and style[edit]

Margrethe wearing her famous yellow and floral raincoat, which was sewn out of a waxy outdoor tablecloth[53][54]

Margrethe wears designs by formerPierre Balmaindesigner Erik Mortensen,Jørgen Bender,and Birgitte Taulow.[citation needed]In March 2013,The Guardianlisted her as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s.[55]In connection with her 80th birthday,BritishVoguepublished an article calling her "An Unsung Style Heroine."[56]

A 2012 poll showed support for themonarchy in Denmarkremained consistently high at around 82%, compared to less than half when she ascended the throne in 1972.[57][58][34]

The Queen has been depicted on the annualChristmas sealtwice—as a child in 1942 and following her accession to the throne in 1972.[2]In 1985,Andy Warholdepicted Margrethe onsilkscreenas a part of hisReigning Queensseries.

Personal interests[edit]

Archaeology[edit]

Margrethe is known for her strongarchaeologicalpassion and has participated in severalexcavations,including in Italy, Egypt, Denmark and South America.[59]She shared this interest with her grandfather,Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden,with whom she spent some time unearthingartefactsnearEtruriain 1962.[57]

Church textiles[edit]

Since the 1970s, Margrethe has designed and embroidered several vestments and church textiles for churches in Denmark, Greenland, Germany and England.[60]She has designed achasubleforFredensborg PalaceChurch which was since embroidered by her mother, Queen Ingrid, andappliquédby her sister, Princess Benedikte. The textile was presented to the church on its 250th anniversary in 1976. In 1989, Margrethe designed the bishop's robe for theDiocese of Viborg.In 2017, she designed the antependium for theAll Saints' ChurchinWittenberg,Germany. In 2020, she designed the chasuble for theDanish Church of St KatharineinCamden,London.[61]

In addition to the church textiles, Margrethe has various other things, including an altarpiece for Skei Mountain Church in Norway, a Christmas spoon, the annual Danish Christmas seals in 1970, 2003 and 2015, and Greenland's Christmas seal in 1983.[62]

Découpage[edit]

Since the mid-1970s, Margrethe has been using the découpage technique, which involves combining clippings from periodicals and books for new motifs. This technique is used in auction catalogues, home magazines, and furniture decorations. The découpage often references literary, mythological, or art-historical topics, and is often displayed in royal palaces, particularly Christian VII's Palace at Amalienborg. Sealed with a protective lacquer, the Queen's découpage works generally have references to literary, mythological or art-historical topics.[63]

Margrethe's découpage works have also been used in various books and films, including Prince Henrik's poetry collectionsCantabile(2000) andFrihjul(2010).[63]

Embroidery[edit]

As a child, Margrethe preferred drawing rather than needlework, but since 1960, numerous embroideries have been presented as gifts or used in the Queen's own rooms. The embroideries are made from patterns that Margrethe herself creates on graph paper, which includes twining shapes and the recipient's monogram. The Queen has designed several embroideries for the Danish Handcraft Guild, including patterns for calendars, cushion covers and dinner mats. Margrethe has also designed evening bags and spectacle cases for friends and family members, including Christmas calendars for all of the grandchildren, cushion covers and furniture covers for the palaces, and fireplace screens for Fredensborg Palace.[64]

The Queen's private embroideries were exhibited at Koldinghus Castle in 2021.[64]

Films[edit]

The Queen has worked as a screenwriter alongside Per Brink Abrahamsen on the twoHans Christian AndersenadaptationsThe Snow Queen[da]from 2000 andThe Wild Swans[da]from 2009. Additionally, she narrated the former and made an uncredited acting cameo as a "member of the mob" in the latter.

Usingdecoupageas her primary craft, she has also been a set designer for:

For her work onEhrengard: The Art of Seduction,Margrethe won theRobert Award for Best Costume Designat the 41st Robert Awards on 3 February 2024. She was also nominated in the categoryBest Production Design.[65]

Monograms[edit]

Margrethe's royal monogram (left) and her personal monogram (right)

In 2004, Margrethe designed the official monogram of her second cousin twice removed,Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway.[66]She has also designed her own personal monogram; the personal monograms of her sonFrederik X,daughter-in-lawMaryand grandsonChristian;as well as the joint monograms of the Danish Crown Prince couple as well as the Norwegian Crown Prince couple, her godsonHaakon, Crown Prince of Norway,and his wifeMette-Marit.

Scenography and costume design[edit]

Over the years, Margrethe has become involved in ballet as a scenographer and costume designer.[67]She designed the costumes for theRoyal Danish Ballet's production ofA Folk Taleand for the 2009Peter Flinthfilm,De vilde svaner(The Wild Swans).[3][68]She also designs her own clothes and is known for her colourful and sometimes eccentric clothing choices. The Queen designed 51 costumes for the 2023 filmEhrengard: The Art of Seductionas well as 81 decoupages that were the basis for the sets.[69][70]

Margrethe has designed sets and costumes for numerous ballets. Since 2001, she has worked with theTivoliBallet Theatre:[71]

Visual art[edit]

Further information:Illustrating Tolkien § Margrethe II of Denmark

Margrethe is an accomplished painter and has exhibited many of her works over the years.[73]In 2000, she illustrated Prince Henrik'spoetry collectionCantabile.Under the titleFrom mountains to coast,she and her close friend,Queen Sonja of Norway,exhibited selected works inspired by nature at theBarony Rosendalin 2015.

Under the pseudonymIngahild Grathmer(the latter being ananagramfor Margrethe and the former made up of her secondary namesIngrid,Alexandrine and Þórhildur), her illustrations were used for Danish editions ofThe Lord of the Rings,which she was encouraged to illustrate in the early 1970s.[74]She sent them toJ. R. R. Tolkien,who was struck by the similarity of her drawings to his own style.[75]

Honours[edit]

See also:List of honours of the Danish royal family by country

National[edit]

Foreign[edit]

Awards[edit]

Honorific eponyms[edit]

Awards[edit]

Geographic locations[edit]

Objects[edit]

Structures[edit]

Honorary military appointments[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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Bibliography[edit]

  • Andersen, Jens (2011). Nørholm, Elise H. (ed.).M, 40 år på tronen(in Danish) (1st ed.).Copenhagen:Lindhardt og Ringhof.ISBN978-87-11-41969-4.
  • Bloch Skipper, Jon (2008).Tre søstre: samtaler mellem dronning Margrethe, prinsesse Benedikte og dronning Anne-Marie[Three sisters: conversations between Queen Margrethe, Princess Benedikte and Queen Anne-Marie] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof.ISBN978-87-11-30060-2.
  • Bramsen, Bo (1992).Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt[The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants] (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum.ISBN87-553-1843-6.
  • Dehn-Nielsen, Henning (2005).Margrethe 2., Danmarks dronning(in Danish) (3rd ed.).Copenhagen:Aschehoug.ISBN87-11-22283-2.
  • Fabricius Møller, Jes (2013).Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie[The Glücksborg Dynasty, a history of Denmark] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad.ISBN978-87-12-04841-1.
  • Lerche, Anna; Mandal, Marcus (2003).A royal family: the story of Christian IX and his European descendants.Copenhagen: Aschehoug.ISBN978-87-15-10957-7.
  • Lyding, Henrik (2009).Dronningens teater(in Danish).Copenhagen:Gyldendal.ISBN978-87-02-07878-7.
  • Margrethe II (2012). Andersen, Jens (ed.).Om man så må sige, 350 Dronning Margrethe-citater(in Danish).Copenhagen:Lindhardt og Ringhof.ISBN978-87-11-39416-8.
  • Rubinstein, Mogens (1996).Dronning Margrethe II, 25 år som regent(in Danish).Copenhagen:Møntergården.ISBN87-7553-552-1.
  • Scocozza, Benito (1997). "Margrethe 2.".Politikens bog om danske monarker[Politiken's book about Danish monarchs] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. pp. 204–209.ISBN87-567-5772-7.
  • Skipper, Jon Bloch (2008).Tre søstre, samtaler mellem dronning Margrethe, prinsesse Benedikte og dronning Anne-Marie(in Danish).Copenhagen:Lindhardt og Ringhof.ISBN978-87-11-30060-2.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toMargrethe II of Denmark.
Wikiquote has quotations related toMargrethe II.
Margrethe II
Cadet branch of theHouse of Oldenburg
Born:16 April 1940
Regnal titles
Preceded by Queen of Denmark
14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margrethe_II&oldid=1231859909"