Marianna, Arkansas
Marianna, Arkansas | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise, from top:Lee County Courthouse,Marianna Commercial Historic District,Lee County Historical Museum,and theGeneral Robert E. Lee Monumentin City Park | |
 Location in Lee County, Arkansas | |
| Coordinates:34°46′25″N90°45′27″W/ 34.77361°N 90.75750°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Lee |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3.61 sq mi (9.36 km2) |
| • Land | 3.61 sq mi (9.36 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 230 ft (70 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 3,575 |
| • Density | 989.21/sq mi (381.90/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6(Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5(CDT) |
| ZIP code | 72360 |
| Area code | 870 |
| FIPS code | 05-44120 |
| GNISfeature ID | 2405017[1] |
Mariannais a town in and thecounty seatofLee County,Arkansas,United States.[3]As of the2010 censusit had a population of 4,115,[4]but by 2018 the population had dropped to an estimated 3,477.[5]
Located along theL'Anguille Riverin theArkansas Deltajust north of theSt. Francis National Forest,the community was known as "Walnut Ridge" until 1852 when it became known as "Marianna". The town's economy has historically been based on agriculture, especiallycottonproduction. The town is located alongCrowley's Ridge Parkwayand theGreat River Road,bothNational Scenic BywaysshowcasingCrowley's Ridgeand theMississippi River.
History
[edit]The community was established by Col. Walter H. Otey in 1848, and was known as Walnut Ridge until 1852.[citation needed]
Marianna hostedminor league baseball.In 1909, theMarianna Brickeysteam played as members of theClass DlevelNortheast Arkansas League,finishing in third place in their only season of minor league play.[6][7][8][9]The Marianna use of the "Brickeys" nickname corresponded to the city bricking the city streets in 1908.[10]
Geography
[edit]Marianna is located in the center of the county at the northwest tip ofSt. Francis National Forest.U.S. Route 79passes through the north and west sides of the town, leading northeast 58 miles (93 km) toMemphis, Tennessee,and southwest 90 miles (140 km) toPine Bluff.Arkansas Highway 1passes through the west side of the town, leading north 18 miles (29 km) toForrest Cityand south 16 miles (26 km) toBarton.
The town lies along the west side of theL'Anguille Rivertwo miles west of that stream's confluence with theSt. Francis Riverwithin a break in elevation ofCrowley's Ridge.[11]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the town has a total area of 3.61 square miles (9.36 km2), all land.[12]The town's current mayor is Jimmy Williams, who took office on January 1, 2011.
Climate
[edit]According to theKöppen Climate Classificationsystem, Marianna has ahumid subtropical climate,abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Marianna was 109 °F (42.8 °C) on July 24, 1918, while the coldest temperature recorded was −11 °F (−23.9 °C) on January 12, 1918.[13]
| Climate data for Marianna, Arkansas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1899–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) |
84 (29) |
88 (31) |
94 (34) |
98 (37) |
107 (42) |
109 (43) |
108 (42) |
106 (41) |
96 (36) |
87 (31) |
79 (26) |
109 (43) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 68.6 (20.3) |
72.2 (22.3) |
78.7 (25.9) |
84.6 (29.2) |
90.3 (32.4) |
94.9 (34.9) |
97.5 (36.4) |
97.1 (36.2) |
94.5 (34.7) |
88.4 (31.3) |
78.3 (25.7) |
69.5 (20.8) |
99.1 (37.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 49.0 (9.4) |
53.8 (12.1) |
62.6 (17.0) |
72.4 (22.4) |
81.1 (27.3) |
88.4 (31.3) |
90.8 (32.7) |
90.6 (32.6) |
85.4 (29.7) |
74.7 (23.7) |
61.7 (16.5) |
52.0 (11.1) |
71.9 (22.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 40.5 (4.7) |
44.6 (7.0) |
52.8 (11.6) |
62.1 (16.7) |
71.3 (21.8) |
78.8 (26.0) |
81.2 (27.3) |
80.3 (26.8) |
74.3 (23.5) |
63.3 (17.4) |
51.9 (11.1) |
43.6 (6.4) |
62.1 (16.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 32.0 (0.0) |
35.3 (1.8) |
43.0 (6.1) |
51.9 (11.1) |
61.5 (16.4) |
69.2 (20.7) |
71.6 (22.0) |
70.0 (21.1) |
63.3 (17.4) |
52.0 (11.1) |
42.2 (5.7) |
35.3 (1.8) |
52.3 (11.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 15.4 (−9.2) |
19.8 (−6.8) |
25.2 (−3.8) |
35.8 (2.1) |
47.0 (8.3) |
58.9 (14.9) |
63.8 (17.7) |
61.6 (16.4) |
48.0 (8.9) |
35.5 (1.9) |
26.1 (−3.3) |
20.7 (−6.3) |
13.0 (−10.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −11 (−24) |
−8 (−22) |
10 (−12) |
25 (−4) |
36 (2) |
45 (7) |
50 (10) |
44 (7) |
31 (−1) |
22 (−6) |
10 (−12) |
−8 (−22) |
−11 (−24) |
| Averageprecipitationinches (mm) | 3.93 (100) |
4.36 (111) |
5.66 (144) |
5.73 (146) |
4.78 (121) |
3.89 (99) |
4.07 (103) |
2.83 (72) |
2.92 (74) |
3.79 (96) |
4.52 (115) |
5.59 (142) |
52.07 (1,323) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.4 (1.0) |
0.5 (1.3) |
0.4 (1.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.3 (3.3) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 9.7 | 9.6 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 104.3 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
| Source 1: NOAA[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[13] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 627 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,126 | 79.6% | |
| 1900 | 1,707 | 51.6% | |
| 1910 | 4,810 | 181.8% | |
| 1920 | 5,074 | 5.5% | |
| 1930 | 4,314 | −15.0% | |
| 1940 | 4,449 | 3.1% | |
| 1950 | 4,530 | 1.8% | |
| 1960 | 5,134 | 13.3% | |
| 1970 | 6,196 | 20.7% | |
| 1980 | 6,220 | 0.4% | |
| 1990 | 5,910 | −5.0% | |
| 2000 | 5,181 | −12.3% | |
| 2010 | 4,115 | −20.6% | |
| 2020 | 3,575 | −13.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[15] | |||
2020 census
[edit]| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White | 627 | 17.54% |
| Black or African American | 2,750 | 76.92% |
| Native American | 9 | 0.25% |
| Asian | 6 | 0.17% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.03% |
| Other/Mixed | 132 | 3.69% |
| HispanicorLatino | 50 | 1.4% |
As of the2020 United States Census,there were 3,575 people, 1,545 households, and 831 families residing in the city.
2010 census
[edit]As of thecensus[17]of 2010, there were 4,115 people, 1,664 households, and 1,068 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,440.0 inhabitants per square mile (556.0/km2). There were 2,196 housing units at an average density of 610.4 per square mile (235.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 20.9%White,76.6%BlackorAfrican American,0.2%Native American,0.8%Asian,0.0% fromother races,and 1.3% from two or more races. 0.7% of the population wereHispanicorLatinoof any race.
There were 1,664 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.8% were married couples living together, 31.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 34.4% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $16,351, and the median income for a family was $29,624. Males had a median income of $28,542 versus $19,045 for females. Theper capita incomefor the town was $10,253. About 32.8% of families and 37.0% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 46.2% of those under age 18 and 33.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
[edit]As of 2011, there are five schools in Marianna, two of which are private. The public schools inLee County School DistrictareLee High School,Anna Strong Middle School, and Whitten Elementary School. One of the private schools is Lee Academy.
Earthquake fault
[edit]On January 21, 2009, the director of the Arkansas Earthquake Center at theUniversity of Arkansasannounced the discovery of a major fault line near Marianna which could generate a 7.0 earthquake in the future. The fault is close to, but appears to be separate from, the nearbyNew Madrid Seismic Zone.[18]
Infrastructure
[edit]Utilities
[edit]
The Marianna Water and Sewer Commission directs the Marianna Water Department, which treats and distributespotable waterto the residents and commercial users of the town. The Department also owns and operates a wastewater collection system, which collects wastewater from over 4,000 service connections and uses a series of laterals, interceptors and fivelift stationsto gravity flow wastewater to the Marianna Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).[19]At the WWTP, two lagoons are used to treats wastewater and discharge treated effluent to the L'Anguille River in accordance with the town'sNPDESpermit administered by theArkansas Department of Environmental Quality.
The Lee County Water Association provides water to rural areas surrounding the town.
Notable people
[edit]- Kevin Campbell,former pitcher for theOakland Athletics
- TheChambers Brothers,notorious drug kingpins based in Detroit in the 1980s
- Catherine Eagles,first female district court judge in the Middle District of North Carolina
- Charlie Flowers,member of College Football Hall of Fame
- Carlos Hall,football player who played defensive end for theKansas City Chiefs
- Oliver Lake,alto saxophoneplayer and composer who received aGuggenheim Fellowshipin 1993
- Robert McFerrin,operasinger who was the first African-American man to sing at theMetropolitan Opera
- Oscar Polk,Broadway actor who played a slave inGone with the Wind
- Rodney E. Slater,United States Secretary of Transportationfrom February 14, 1997, to January 20, 2001
- Terry Wallis,man who regained awareness after spending 19 years in a minimally conscious state
- Jean Yarbrough,film and television director and producer
Notable businesses
[edit]- Jones Bar-B-Q Diner,the only James Beard Award winner in the state
References
[edit]- ^abcU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Marianna, Arkansas
- ^"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 29,2021.
- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001), Marianna city, Arkansas".American FactFinder.U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedAugust 23,2019.
- ^"Population and Housing Unit Estimates".RetrievedOctober 22,2019.
- ^Johnson, Lloyd; Wolff, Miles, eds. (2007).The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball(Third ed.).Baseball America.ISBN978-1932391176.
- ^"1909 Northeast Arkansas League (NAL) minor league baseball on StatsCrew.com".www.statscrew.com.
- ^"1909 Northeast Arkansas League".Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^"Encyclopedia of Arkansas".Encyclopedia of Arkansas.
- ^Silva, Rachel (June 13, 2015)."Walks through History: Marianna Commercial Historic District".
- ^Marianna, AR,7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1984 (1993 rev.)
- ^"2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 22,2018.
- ^ab "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Memphis".National Weather Service.RetrievedMarch 5,2023.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Marianna 2 S, AR".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMarch 5,2023.
- ^"Census of Population and Housing".Census.gov.RetrievedJune 4,2015.
- ^"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov.RetrievedDecember 7,2021.
- ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
- ^"Scientist Says Ark. Fault Could Generate 7 Temblor", Associated Press via Yahoo News (January 22, 2009)
- ^Henderson, Steven L. (August 9, 2011)."Correspondence from ADEQ to Alton Yancey, Manager of Marianna Water and Sewer Commission"(PDF).Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ).RetrievedAugust 10,2014.
Municipalities and communities ofLee County, Arkansas,United States | ||
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| City |  | |
| Towns | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
