Marquess of Londonderry
Marquessate of Londonderry | |
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![]() ![]() Arms:Quarterly: 1st & 4th, Or, a Bend counter-company Argent and Azure, between two Lions rampant Gules(Stewart);2nd, Argent, a Bend engrailed between six Martlets Sable(Tempest);3rd, Azure, three sinister Gauntlets Or(Vane).Crests:Centre: A Dragon statant Or(Stewart);Dexter: A Griffin’s Head erased per pale Argent and Sable, beaked Gules(Tempest);Sinister: A dexter Cubit Arm in Armour, the hand in a Gauntlet proper, graping a Sword proper, pommel and hilt Or(Vane).Supporters:Dexter: A Moor proper, wreathed about the temples Argent and Azure, holding in the exterior hand a Shield Azure, garnished Or, and charged with a Sun-in-Splendour Gold; Sinister: A Lion Or, gorged with a Collar Argent, charged with three Mullets Sable. | |
Creation date | 13 January 1816 |
Created by | The Prince Regent(acting on behalf of his fatherKing George III) |
Peerage | Peerage of Ireland |
First holder | Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Londonderry |
Present holder | Frederick Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 10th Marquess |
Heir presumptive | Lord Reginald Vane-Tempest-Stewart |
Subsidiary titles | Earl of Londonderry Earl Vane (United Kingdom) Viscount Castlereagh Viscount Seaham (United Kingdom) Baron Londonderry Baron Stewart (United Kingdom) |
Status | Extant |
Former seat(s) | Mount Stewart Plas Machynlleth Seaham Hall Wynyard Hall |
Motto | METUENDA COROLLA DRACONIS(The dragon’s crest is to be feared) |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Robert_Stewart_-_Lawrence_1817.jpg/220px-Robert_Stewart_-_Lawrence_1817.jpg)
Marquess of Londonderry,of the County ofLondonderry[1](/ˈlʌndəndreɪ/LUN-dən-dree),[a]is a title in thePeerage of Ireland.
History[edit]
The title was created in 1816 forRobert Stewart, 1st Earl of Londonderry.He had earlier representedCounty Downin theIrish House of Commons.Stewart had already been createdBaron Londonderryin 1789,[3]Viscount Castlereagh,ofCastlereaghin the County of Down,[4][5]in 1795 andEarl of Londonderry,of the County of Londonderry, in 1796.[6]These titles are also in the Peerage of Ireland.
He was the son ofAlexander Stewart,who had married Mary Cowan, sister and heiress ofRobert Cowan,who gained great wealth asGovernor of Bombayfrom 1729 to 1737. Alexander was from Ballylawn, atownlandat the south-west corner ofInishowenin the north ofCounty Donegal,acountylocated in the west ofUlsterin the northern part ofIreland.However, much of the Stewart family's wealth was based on the estates which came into the family through this marriage.
The 1st Marquess was one of the few people to become a Marquess without inheriting any titles prior to the creation. He sat in theBritish House of Lordsas one of the twenty-eight originalIrish representative peerfrom 1800 to 1821. He was succeeded by his son from his first marriage to Lady Sarah Seymour. The 2nd Marquess, better known asLord Castlereagh(he went by thecourtesy titleof Viscount Castlereagh from 1796 to 1821), was a noted statesman and diplomat. Castlereagh is best remembered for his tenure asForeign Secretary of the United Kingdomfrom 1812 to 1822 and played an important role at theCongress of Viennaof 1814 to 1815. He committed suicide in 1822, one year after succeeding his father in the marquessate. The 2nd Marquess did not follow his father as a Representative Peer into the House of Lords, this permitted him to continue fulfilling his roles in the House of Commons.
Castlereagh was succeeded by his half-brother, the 3rd Marquess. He was the only son from the 1st Marquess's second marriage to Lady Frances Pratt, daughter ofCharles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden.He was a General in the Army and like his elder half-brother a prominent politician and diplomat. Lord Londonderry served asUnder-Secretary of State for War and the Coloniesfrom 1807 to 1809, fought in theNapoleonic Warsand wasAmbassador to Austriafrom 1814 to 1823. In 1814 he was createdBaron Stewart,of Stewart's Court and Ballylawn in County Donegal, in thePeerage of the United Kingdom.[7]In 1819 Londonderry married as his second wifeFrances Anne Vane-Tempest(died 1865), daughter and wealthy heiress ofSir Henry Vane-Tempest,2ndBaronet,through which marriage substantial estates inCounty Durhamcame into the Stewart family. He assumed the additional surname of Vane on his marriage and in 1823 he was createdViscount Seaham,of Seaham in the County Palatine of Durham, andEarl Vane,with remainder to the male issue of his second marriage. These titles are in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[8]
Lord Londonderry was succeeded in the viscountcy of Seaham and earldom of Vane according to the special remainder by his eldest son from his second marriage while he was succeeded in the Irish titles and the barony of Stewart by his son from his first marriage to Lady Catherine Bligh, the 4th Marquess. He died childless in 1872 and was succeeded by his half-brother, the 5th Marquess, who had already succeeded his father as second Earl Vane in 1854. He representedDurham Northin theHouse of Commonsand served asLord-Lieutenant of County Durham.In 1851 the 5th Marquess assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Tempest. On his death, the titles passed to his eldest son, the 6th Marquess. He was aConservativepolitician and held office in the administrations ofLord SalisburyandArthur BalfourasLord-Lieutenant of Ireland,asPostmaster General,asPresident of the Board of Education,asLord Privy Sealand asLord President of the Council.In 1885 he assumed by Royal licence the additional and principal surname of Stewart.
He was succeeded by his son, the 7th Marquess, who was also a Conservative politician. He had a career in both Irish and British politics but is best known for his role asSecretary of State for Airfrom 1931 to 1935. Lord Londonderry subsequently gained notoriety for his informal diplomatic contacts with senior members of the German government. He made six visits to Nazi Germany between January 1936 and September 1938 meetingAdolf Hitleron a number of occasions and sympathising with some of his viewpoints.[9]His wifeEdith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry,was an influential society hostess remembered for her close friendship withRamsay MacDonald.Lord Londonderry was succeeded by his son, the 8th Marquess. He representedCounty Downin the House of Commons as a Conservative from 1931 to 1945.
Theheir apparentto the marquessate is styledViscount Castlereagh,although the Marquess is also the Earl Vane, and the heir apparent's heir apparent, when such exists, is styledLord Stewart.[citation needed]
Between 1823 and 1854 and between 1872 and 1999, the Marquesses of Londonderry sat in theHouse of LordsasThe Earl Vane.Between 1822 and 1823 and between 1854 and 1872, they sat asThe Lord Stewart.
Residences[edit]
The principal family seats wereMount Stewart,nearNewtownards,County Down,Northern Ireland,and theWynyard Parkestate inCounty Durham.Other properties includedSeaham Hallin County Durham, as well asLondonderry HouseonPark LaneinLondon(where the Londonderry Hotel was later located), andPlas Machynllethin mid-Wales.
Marquesses of Londonderry (1816)[edit]
- Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry(1739–1821)
- Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry(1769–1822)
- Charles William Stewart, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry(1778–1854)
- Frederick William Robert Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry(1805–1872)
- George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry(1821–1884)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shield_of_arms_of_Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart%2C_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry%2C_KG%2C_GCVO%2C_CB%2C_PC%2C_JP%2C_DL.png/170px-Shield_of_arms_of_Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart%2C_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry%2C_KG%2C_GCVO%2C_CB%2C_PC%2C_JP%2C_DL.png)
- Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry(1852–1915)
- Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry(1878–1949)
- Edward Charles Stewart Robin Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 8th Marquess of Londonderry(1902–1955)
- Alexander Charles Robert "Alistair" Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 9th Marquess of Londonderry(1937–2012)[10]
- Frederick Aubrey Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 10th Marquess of Londonderry (born 1972)
The 4th Marquess did not inherit the Seaham viscountcy and Vane earldom as he was not the heir male of the 3rd Marquess's second wife, a limitation of the remainder of those peerages.
Present peer[edit]
Frederick Aubrey Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 10th Marquess of Londonderry (born 6 September 1972) is the son of the 9th Marquess and his wife Doreen Patricia Wells, who was a ballerina with theRoyal Balletbetween 1955 and 1974. He was styled as Viscount Castlereagh from birth and later as Earl Vane.[11]
On 20 June 2012, Earl Vane succeeded his father as Marquess of Londonderry (I., 1816), Earl of Londonderry (I., 1796), Earl Vane (U.K., 1823), Viscount Castlereagh (I., 1795), Viscount Seaham of Seaham (U.K., 1823), Baron Stewart of Stewart's Court and Ballylawn (U.K., 1814), and Baron Londonderry (I., 1789).[11]
Theheir presumptiveis Londonderry's brother Lord Reginald Alexander Vane-Tempest-Stewart (born 1977),[11]whose heir apparent is his son Robin Gabriel Vane-Tempest-Stewart (born 2004).
Line of succession (simplified)[edit]
Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, 1st Earl Vane, 1st Viscount Seaham, 1st Baron Stewart(1778–1854)
George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry, 2nd Earl Vane, 2nd Viscount Seaham, 3rd Baron Stewart(1821–1884)
Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry(1852–1915)
- Lord Ernest McDonnell Vane-Tempest (1836–1885)
- Charles Henry Vane-Tempest (1871–1899)
- Ernest Charles William Vane-Tempest (1894–1957)
- Charles Stewart McDonnell Vane-Tempest (1921–2008)
- (3)Charles Stewart Martin St. George Vane-Tempest (b. 1950)
- (4)Christopher James Stewart St. George Vane-Tempest (b. 1978)
- (5)James Alexander Stewart Vane-Tempest (b. 1981)
- (6)George Frederick Stewart Vane-Tempest (b. 2012)
- (7)Harry John Stewart Vane-Tempest (b. 2014)
- (8)Charles Erkki William Vane-Tempest (b. 1958)
- (9)Charles Petter Vane-Tempest (b. 1990)
- (10)Donald John Ernest Vane-Tempest (b. 1961)
- (11)Thomas Christopher Vane-Tempest (b. 1986)
- (12)Harold Michael St. George Vane-Tempest (b. 1962)
- (13)John Michael Vane-Tempest (b. 1990)
- (14)Timothy Alexander Vane-Tempest (b. 1992)
- (3)Charles Stewart Martin St. George Vane-Tempest (b. 1950)
- Charles Stewart McDonnell Vane-Tempest (1921–2008)
- Ernest Charles William Vane-Tempest (1894–1957)
- Charles Henry Vane-Tempest (1871–1899)
Family tree[edit]
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See also[edit]
- Baron Plunket
- Durham County Record Office:where the records of County Durham estates are held
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"No. 17104".The London Gazette.30 January 1816. p. 173.
- ^Montague-Smith, Patrick (1970).Debrett's Correct Form(1992 ed.).Debrett's Peerage.p. 401.ISBN978-0-7472-0658-3.
- ^"No. 13131".The London Gazette.15 September 1789. p. 597.
- ^"No. 13821".The London Gazette.13 October 1795. p. 1052.
- ^"Castlereagh".The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland.Vol. I: A-C. Dublin: A. Fullarton. 1846. p. 372.
- ^"No. 13922".The London Gazette.16 August 1796. p. 781.
- ^"No. 16909".The London Gazette.18 June 1814. p. 1255.
- ^"No. 17909".The London Gazette.29 March 1823. p. 498.
- ^Fleming, Neil C. (2005),The Marquess of Londonderry: aristocracy, power and politics in Britain and Ireland,I.B.Tauris, pp. 185–198,ISBN978-1-85043-726-0
- ^"The Marquess of Londonderry",Daily Telegraph,20 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
- ^abcBurke's Peerage,volume 2, 2003, p. 2383
- ^Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Londonderry, Marquess of".Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage.Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 2221–2224.ISBN978-1-999767-0-5-1.
Works cited[edit]
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors).Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage(1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,[page needed]
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages[self-published source][better source needed]
External links[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)