Mars 5
 | |
| Mission type | Marsorbiter[1] |
|---|---|
| Operator | Soviet space program |
| COSPAR ID | 1973-049A |
| SATCATno. | 6754 |
| Mission duration | 7 months, 3 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | 3MSNo.53S |
| Manufacturer | NPO Lavochkin |
| Launch mass | 3,440 kg (7,580 lb)[2] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 25 July 1973, 18:55:48UTC[3] |
| Rocket | Proton-K/D |
| Launch site | Baikonur81/24 |
| Contractor | Khrunichev |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | 28 February 1974 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Areocentric[4] |
| Periareon altitude | 1,760 kilometres (1,090 mi) |
| Apoareon altitude | 32,586 kilometres (20,248 mi) |
| Inclination | 35.3° |
| Period | 24.88 hours |
| Epoch | 12 February 1974 |
| Marsorbiter | |
| Orbital insertion | 12 February 1974, 15:45 UTC[5] |
Mars 5(‹See Tfd›Russian:Марс-5), also known as3MS No.53Swas aSovietspacecraft launched to explore Mars. A 3MS spacecraft launched as part of theMars programme,it successfully entered orbit around Mars in 1974. However, it failed a few weeks later.[5]
Spacecraft
[edit]The Mars 5 spacecraft carried an array of instruments to study Mars. In addition to cameras, it was equipped with a radio telescope, an IR radiometer, multiple photometers, polarimeters, amagnetometer,plasma traps, an electrostatic analyser, agamma-ray spectrometer,and a radio probe.[6]The Three cameras were a 52mm Vega, a 350mm Zulfar and a panoramic camera.[7]
Built by Lavochkin, Mars 5 was the second of two 3MS spacecraft launched to Mars in 1973, followingMars 4.A 3MS was also launched during the 1971 launch window asKosmos 419.However, due to a launch failure, it failed to depart Earth orbit. In addition to the orbiters, two 3MP lander missions,Mars 6andMars 7,were launched during the 1973 window.
Launch
[edit]Mars 5 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24.[3]The launch occurred at 18:55:48 UTC on 25 July 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into alow Earthparking orbitbefore the Blok D fired to propel Mars 5 intoheliocentric orbitbound for Mars.
The spacecraft performed course correction manoeuvres on 3 August 1973 and 2 February 1974.[6]
Mars orbit
[edit]The probe reached Mars on 12 February 1974. At 14:44:25 the spacecraft's engines ignited to begin its orbit insertion burn, which successfully placed it into an Areocentric orbit with aperiapsisof 1,760 kilometres (1,090 mi), anapoapsisof 32,586 kilometres (20,248 mi), and 35.3 degreesinclination.[5][6]
The spacecraft's pressurised instrument compartment began to leak as soon as the spacecraft entered orbit around Mars, which controllers believed to be the result of a micrometeoroid impact during orbital insertion. It ceased operations on 28 February, having returned 180 photographic frames, 43 of which were of usable quality.[6]The probe's original planned lifetime in Mars orbit had been three months.[8]The probe's gamma ray spectrometer measured the uranium, thorium and potassium content of the surface the probe passed over and found they were similar toigneous rockson Earth.[8]The exact ratios of the elements varied with the age of the surface.[8]Mars 5's Infrared radiometer reported a daytime surface temperature of between −44 and −2 °C (−47 and 28 °F).[7][8]Night time temperatures were measured at −73 °C (−99 °F).[8]
The probe also made a number of observations of Mars's atmosphere.[8]It found an ozone layer at an altitude of 30 kilometres (19 mi) and observed clouds.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Krebs, Gunter."Interplanetary Probes".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved12 April2013.
- ^"Mars 5".Retrieved6 December2018.
- ^abMcDowell, Jonathan."Launch Log".Jonathan's Space Page.Retrieved12 April2013.
- ^Mark Wade."Mars M-73".Encyclopedia Astronautica.Retrieved27 May2024.
- ^abc"Mars 5".US National Space Science Data Centre.Retrieved12 April2013.
- ^abcdSiddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1973".Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000(PDF).Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 101–106.Archived(PDF)from the original on 25 September 2004.
- ^abHarvey, Brian (2007).Russian Planetary Exploration History, Development, Legacy and Prospects.Springer-Praxis. p. 154.ISBN9780387463438.
- ^abcdefgHarvey, Brian (2007).Russian Planetary Exploration History, Development, Legacy and Prospects.Springer-Praxis. pp. 161–165.ISBN9780387463438.
| Active |
|    | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past |
| ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Future |
| ||||||||||
| Exploration |
| ||||||||||
Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign†indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. | |||||||||||