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This article is about the film. For the trading card series, seeMars Attacks.

Mars Attacks!
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTim Burton
Screenplay byJonathan Gems
Tim Burton(uncredited)[1]
Story byJonathan Gems
Based onMars Attacks
byTopps
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyPeter Suschitzky
Edited byChris Lebenzon
Music byDanny Elfman
Production
company
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release date
  • December 13, 1996(1996-12-13)(United States)
Running time
106 minutes[2]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$80 million
Box office$101.4 million

Mars Attacks!is a 1996 Americanblack comedyscience fiction film[3]directed byTim Burton,who also co-produced it withLarry J. Franco.The screenplay byJonathan Gemswas based on theToppstrading cardseries of the same name.The film features anensemble castconsisting ofJack Nicholson(in adual role),Glenn Close,Annette Bening,Pierce Brosnan,Danny DeVito,Martin Short,Sarah Jessica Parker,Michael J. Fox,Pam Grier,Rod Steiger,Tom Jones,Lukas Haas,Natalie Portman,Jim Brown,Lisa Marie,andSylvia Sidneyin her final film role.

Alex Coxhad tried to make aMars Attacksfilm in the 1980s before Burton and Gems began development in 1993. When Gems turned in his first draft in 1994, Warner Bros. commissioned rewrites from Gems, Burton,Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewskiin an attempt to lower the budget to $60 million. The final production budget came to $80 million, while Warner Bros. spent another $20 million on theMars Attacks!marketing campaign. Filming took place from February to June 1996. The film was shot inCalifornia,Nevada,Kansas,ArizonaandArgentina.[not verified in body]

The filmmakers hiredIndustrial Light & Magicto create the Martians usingcomputer animationafter their previous plan to usestop motion animation,supervised byBarry Purves,fell through because of budget limitations.Mars Attacks!was released theatrically byWarner Bros. Picturesin the United States on December 13, 1996, to mixed reviews from critics. The film grossed approximately $101.4 million in box office totals, which was seen as adisappointment.Mars Attacks!was nominated for theHugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentationand earned multiple nominations at theSaturn Awards.

Plot

[edit]

When Earth is visited by a massive fleet offlying saucersfrom Mars,President of the United StatesJames Dale addresses the people of the United States. Talk show host Nathalie Lake and her boyfriend, news reporter Jason Stone, interview Dale's scientific advisor Professor Donald Kessler on the developing story, but are unexpectedly interrupted by a broadcast from the Martian leader. As the Martians prepare to land outsidePahrump, Nevada,people around the country react, including donut shop employee Richie Norris and his older brother Billy-Glenn, flamboyant casino operator Art Land and his hippie wife Barbara, divorced former boxer Byron Williams and his ex-wife Louise, and Byron and Louise's children Cedric and Neville.

Against the advice of the hawkish General Decker, Dale chooses to greet the Martians as foreign dignitaries, ordering military officer General Casey to welcome them to Earth. Billy-Glenn, a private in theUS Army,is among the soldiers who volunteer to accompany Casey as he greets the Martians in Nevada. Despite the translated message from the Martian ambassador stating that the Martians "come in peace", the ambassador sees a hippie release adoveinto the air and shoots it with hisray gun.The Martians then turn on the assembled crowd and attack them with their ray guns, turning Casey, Jason, and Billy-Glenn into skeletons along with many others, and abducting Nathalie and her petchihuahuaPoppy.

Kessler convinces Dale that the Martians' attack in Nevada may have been the result of a cultural misunderstanding, and Dale agrees to let the Martian ambassador addressCongressafter the Martians issue a formal apology for their actions. Once again, the Martians turn on the assembled humans, annihilating most of Congress by turning them into skeletons and abducting Kessler. While Nathalie and Kessler are held captive in the Martian mothership, the Martians switch Nathalie and Poppy's heads and reduce Kessler to a disembodied head.

Dale narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a Martian disguised as an attractive blonde woman, who infiltrates theWhite Houseby seducing and killing hispress secretary.Following the failed assassination attempt, the Martians commence a full-scale invasion of Earth, attacking major cities throughout the world. When Martian soldiers overrun the White House,First LadyMarsha Dale is crushed by a falling chandelier as President Dale escapes to thePEOC.Art is killed when the Martians destroy his casino inLas Vegas.

In Las Vegas, Barbara prepares to flee toTahoein Art's private plane and offers to let Byron accompany her. They are joined by Byron's co-worker Cindy and guest singerTom Jones,who offers to pilot the plane. Richie abandons his parents in theirmobile homeand drives to his grandmother Florence'sretirement hometo escort her to safety. His parents are killed by a giant Martian robot. At the retirement home, the Martians' heads explode when they hear Florence's record ofSlim Whitman's yodeling on "Indian Love Call",revealing one of their only weaknesses.

Eventually, Martian soldiers breach Dale's secure bunker, crushing Decker after reducing him to minuscule size with ashrink ray,causing the others to flee or be turned into skeletons, leaving Dale the last person alive in the room. He makes an eloquent, impassioned speech exhorting the Martians to make peace with humanity, but the now teary-eyed Martian leader stabs him with a fake-hand prank device after offering a handshake.

Barbara, Byron, Cindy, and Jones reach Art's plane but find the runway overrun by a group of Martians led by the Martian ambassador. To buy time for his companions to escape, Byron steps forward to challenge the ambassador to a boxing match and beats him to death before being overrun by Martians as the plane takes off. Around the world, the Martians are defeated as humans play "Indian Love Call" to destroy them. Kessler, Nathalie, and Poppy die as the ship they are on crashes.

In the aftermath of the war with the Martians, the Dales' teenage daughter Taffy awards theMedal of Honorto Richie and Florence. InWashington, D.C.,Byron – who survived his encounter with the Martians – greets his family at Louise's home. In Tahoe, Barbara, Cindy, and Jones emerge unharmed from a cavern.

Cast

[edit]

Other notable actors to appear in the film includeWillie Garsonas Corporate Guy,John Roseliusas GNN Boss,Michael Reilly BurkeandValerie Wildmanas GNN Reporters,Rebecca Broussardas a Hooker,Steve Valentineas TV Director,Enrique Castilloas Hispanic Colonel,John Finneganas Speaker of the House,Gregg Danielas Lab Technician, andJ. Kenneth Campbellas a Doctor.Rance Howardhas a small part as a Texas Investor, while voice actorFrank Welkerprovided the voices of the Martians.

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

In 1985,Alex Coxpitched the idea of a film based on theMars Attackstrading card series as a joint production toOrionandTriStar Pictures.He wrote three drafts over the next four years but was replaced byMartin Amisbefore Orion and TriStar placedMars Attacksinturnaround.[4]

In 1993,Jonathan Gems,a screenwriter who had previously written multiple unproduced screenplays for directorTim Burton,approached the director andpitchedthe idea of turning bothMars AttacksandDinosaurs Attack!into movies.[1]While both Gems and Burton realized that aDinosaurs Attack!film would be too similar toSteven Spielberg'sJurassic Park(1993),[5][6]Burton believed that aMars Attacks!adaptation could function like a1970s disaster picturewith an ensemble cast; he and Gems consequently rented a copy of the movieThe Towering Inferno(1974) and watched it for inspiration. In a later interview, Gems explained: "After seeing that [movie] it all came to me fairly quickly. And, in about a week, I had it roughed out: the story and the characters. And when I finished it, I realized it was inevitably going to be – it couldn't help being – a portrait of America because, following theIrwin Allenformula, I'd sketched out a range of different characters from different walks of life and placed the action in different locations – in this case: California, Nevada, Kansas, New York, Mount Rushmore in Washington D.C. "[7]

Burton, who was busy preparingEd Wood(1994), believed thatMars Attacks!would be a perfect opportunity to payhomageto the films ofEdward D. Wood Jr.,especiallyPlan 9 from Outer Space(1959), and other1950s science fiction B movies,[1]such asInvaders from Mars(1953),[8]It Came from Outer Space(1953),[6]The War of the Worlds(1953),Target Earth(1954),Invasion of the Body Snatchers(1956) andEarth vs. the Flying Saucers(1956).[1]

Burton setMars Attacks!up withWarner Bros.and the studio purchased thefilm rightsto the trading card series on his behalf.[9]The original theatrical release date was planned for the summer of 1996. Gems completed his original script in 1994, which was budgeted by Warner Bros. at $260 million. The studio wanted to make the film for no more than $60 million.[10]After turning in numerous drafts, the studio grew frustrated with Gems after insisting he remove the film's cold open, specifically "the cows on fire";they demanded there be no burning cows, but Gems contends he couldn't devise another sequence (albeit anything he and Burton could agree improved on his initial"barbecue bovines"prologue). When Gems' latest script revision still included burning cows the studio dismissed him; prior to leaving the project Gems recommended the writing-duo behind[11]Ed Wood,Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski,[1]as his replacement(s).[12]Alexander and Karaszewski worked on the film through July 1995, focusing the characters and making the tone less satirical – they re-wrote the third act, incorporating the military and a finale that mirroredIndependence Day(1996), according to Gems.[13]

Gems eventually returned to the project, writing a total of 12 drafts of the script (well over 90% of the finished shooting script).[14]Although he is credited with both the screen story and screenplay ofMars Attacks!,Gems dedicates hisnovelizationof the movie to Burton, who "co-wrote the screenplay and didn't ask for a credit".[1]Warner Bros. was dubious of the Martian dialogue and wanted Burton to addclosed captioningsubtitles, but he resisted.[15]Working with Burton, Gems pared the film's 60 leading characters down to 23 and the worldwide destruction planned for the film was isolated to three major cities. Scenes featuring Martians attacking China, the Philippines, Japan, Europe, Africa, India, and Russia were deleted from the screenplay, leaving only Paris, London, and the Taj Mahal. "Bear in mind this was way beforeIndependence Day(1996) was written, "Gems commented." We had things like Manhattan being destroyed building by building, the White House went and so did the Empire State Building. Warner Bros. figured all this would be too expensive, so we cut most of that out to reduce the cost. "[10]Further discussing the differences betweenMars Attacks!andIndependence Day,Gems stated, "Independence Dayis more like a movie calledFail-SafeandMars Attacksis likeDr. Strangelove",in that both films had a similar story, but with different tones.[16]

Casting

[edit]

The decision to hire anA-listensemble castforMars Attacks!parallels the strategyIrwin Allenused for hisdisaster films,notablyThe Poseidon Adventure(1972) andThe Towering Inferno(1974).[1]Jack Nicholson,approached for the role of the President, jokingly remarked that he wanted to play all the roles.[17]Burton agreed to cast Nicholson as both Art Land and President Dale, specifically remembering his positive working relationship with the actor onBatman.[1]

Susan Sarandonwas originally set to play Barbara Land beforeAnnette Beningwas cast.[17]Bening modeled the character afterAnn-Margret's performance inViva Las Vegas(1964).[6]Hugh Grantwas the first choice for Professor Donald Kessler, a role which eventually went toPierce Brosnan.[18]Meryl Streep,Diane KeatonandStockard Channingwere considered for First Lady Marsha Dale, butGlenn Closewon the role.[17]In addition to Nicholson, other actors who reunited with Burton onMars Attacks!includeSylvia SidneyfromBeetlejuice(1988),O-Lan JonesfromEdward Scissorhands(1990) andDanny DeVitofromBatman Returns(1992), continuing Burton's trend of recasting actors several times from his previous works.[19]

Roger L. Jackson,best known as the voice ofGhostfacein theScreamfilm franchise,makes an uncredited appearance as the voice of the Martian translator device. His performance inMars Attacks!helped him get the audition forScream.[20]

Filming

[edit]

The originally scheduled start date was mid-August 1995, but filming was delayed until February 26, 1996.[18]Director Tim Burton hiredPeter Suschitzkyas thecinematographerbecause he was a fan of his work inDavid Cronenberg's films.Production designerWynn Thomas (A Beautiful Mind,Malcolm X) intended to have the war room pay tribute toDr. Strangelove(1964).[21]During production, Burton insisted that theart direction,cinematographyandcostume designofMars Attacks!incorporate the look of the 1960s trading cards.[8]

On designing the Martian (played by Burton's girlfriendLisa Marie Smith) who seduces and kills Jerry Ross (Martin Short), costume designerColleen Atwoodtook combined inspiration from the playing cards,Marilyn Monroe,the work ofAlberto VargasandJane FondainBarbarella(1968).[22]Filming forMars Attacks!ended on June 1, 1996.[23]Thefilm scorewas composed by Burton's regular composerDanny Elfman,to whom Burton was reconciled after a quarrel that occurred duringThe Nightmare Before Christmas(1993), for which they did not co-operate in producingEd Wood(1994). Elfman enlisted the help ofOingo Boingolead guitaristSteve Bartekto help arrange the compositions for the orchestra.[1]

Visual effects

[edit]
The Martians were created usingcomputer-generated imageryfrom ILM.

Tim Burton initially intended to usestop motion animationto feature the Martians,[6]viewing it as ahomageto the work ofRay Harryhausen,primarilyJason and the Argonauts.Similar to his ownBeetlejuice,Burton "wanted to make [the special effects] look cheap and purposely fake-looking as possible."[1]He first approachedHenry Selick,director ofThe Nightmare Before Christmas,to supervise the stop motion work, but Selick was busy directingJames and the Giant Peach,also produced by Burton. Even though Warner Bros. was skeptical of the escalating budget and had not yetgreenlitthe film for production, Burton hiredBarry Purvesto shepherd the stop motion work. Purves created an international team of about 70 animators, who worked onMars Attacks!for eight months[6]and began compiling test footage inBurbank, California.[1]The department workers studiedGloria Swanson's choreography and movement asNorma DesmondinSunset Boulevardfor inspiration on the Martians' movement.[6]

When the budget was projected at $100 million[23](Warner Bros. wanted it for no more than $75 million),[1]producer Larry J. Franco commissioned a test reel fromIndustrial Light & Magic(ILM), the visual effects company he worked with onJumanji.Burton was persuaded to change his mind to employcomputer animation,which brought the final production budget to $80 million. Although Purves was uncredited for his work,[6]stop motion supervisors Ian Mackinnon and Peter Saunders, who would later collaborate with Burton onCorpse Bride,received character design credit.[1]Warner Digital Studios was responsible for the scenes of global destruction, airborne flying saucer sequences, the Martian landing in Nevada and therobotthat chases Richie Norris in hispickup truck.Warner Digital also used practical effects, such as buildingscale modelsofBig Benand otherlandmarks.The destruction of Art Land's hotel was footage of the real-life nighttime demolition ofthe Landmark Hotel and Casino,a building Burton wished to immortalize.[19]

Soundtrack

[edit]
Mars Attacks!
Soundtrack albumby
Danny Elfman
ReleasedMarch 4, 1997
Recorded1996
GenreSoundtrack
Length46:44
LabelAtlantic Records
ProducerDanny Elfman
Danny Elfmanchronology
Extreme Measures
(1996) 		Mars Attacks!
(1997) 		Men in Black
(1997)

The film's music was composed byDanny Elfman.The soundtrack was released on March 4, 1997, byAtlantic Records.

Track listing

[edit]

All music is composed byDanny Elfman(except "Indian Love Call",written by Otto A. Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II and Rudolf Friml, performed bySlim Whitmanand "It's Not Unusual",written by Les Reed and Gordon Mills, performed byTom Jones)

No.TitleLength
1."Introduction"1:40
2."Main Titles"2:22
3."First Sighting"1:26
4."The Landing"6:01
5."Ungodly Experiments"0:53
6."State Address"3:06
7."Martian Madame"3:02
8."Martian Lounge"2:54
9."Return Message"2:17
10."Destructo X"1:17
11."Loving Heads"1:20
12."Pursuit"2:55
13."The War Room"1:31
14."Airfield Dilemma"2:05
15."New World"1:45
16."Ritchie's Speech"3:09
17."End Credits"3:53
18."Indian Love Call"3:08
19."It's Not Unusual"2:00
Total length:46:44

Reception

[edit]

Release and box office

[edit]

Warner Bros. spent $20 million on the movie's marketing campaign; together with $80 million spent during production, the final combined budget came to $100 million.[24]Anovelization,written by screenwriterJonathan Gems,was published byPuffin Booksin January 1997.[25]The film was released in the United States on December 13, 1996, earning $9.38 million in its opening weekend. Overall, it would rank in second place at the box office belowJerry Maguire.[26]Mars Attacks!eventually made $37.77 million in U.S. totals and $63.6 million elsewhere, coming to a worldwide total of $101.37 million.[27]

The film was considered to be abox-office bombin the U.S. but generally achieved greater success both critically and commercially in Europe.[28]Many observers found similarities withIndependence Day,which also came out in 1996. "It was just a coincidence. Nobody told me about it. I was surprised how close it was," director Tim Burton continued, "but then it's a pretty basic genre I guess.Independence Daywas different in tone – it was different in everything. It almost seemed like we had done kind of aMadmagazineversion ofIndependence Day."[1]During the film's theatrical run in January 1997,TBSpurchased the broadcasting rights of the film.[29]

Critical reception

[edit]

The film received mixed responses from critics. Onreview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,the film holds an approval rating of 56% based on 86 reviews, with an average rating of 6.00/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Tim Burton's alien invasion spoof faithfully recreates the wooden characters and schlocky story of cheesy '50s sci-fi and Ed Wood movies – perhaps a littletoofaithfully for audiences. "[30]OnMetacritic,the film received a score of 52 based on 19 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[31]

Roger Ebertobserved thehomagesto the 1950s science fictionB movies:"Ed Wood himself could have told us what's wrong with this movie: the makers felt superior to the material. To be funny, even schlock has to believe in itself. Look forInfra-Man(1975) orInvasion of the Bee Girls(1973) and you will find movies that lack stars and big budgets and fancy special effects but are funny and fun in a way that Burton's mega production never really understands. "[32]

Kenneth Turanof theLos Angeles Timeswrote that "Mars Attacks!is all 1990s cynicism and disbelief, mocking the conventions thatIndependence Daytakes seriously. This all sounds clever enough but in truth,Mars Attacks!is not as much fun as it should be. Few of its numerous actors make a lasting impression and Burton's heart and soul is not in the humor ".[33]Desson ThomsonfromThe Washington Postsaid "Mars Attacks!evokes plenty of sci-fi classics, fromThe Day the Earth Stood Still(1951) toDr. Strangelove(1964), but it doesn't do much beyond that superficial exercise. Except for Burton's jolting sight gags (I may never recover from the vision of Sarah Jessica Parker's head grafted onto the body of achihuahua), the comedy is half-developed, pedestrian material. And theclimacticbattle between Earthlings and Martians is dull and overextended. "[34]

Richard Schickel,writing inTimemagazine, gave a positive review. "You have to admire everyone'schutzpah:the breadth of Burton's (and writer Jonathan Gems') movie references, which range fromKurosawatoKubrick;and above all their refusal to offer us a single likable character. Perhaps they don't create quite enough deeply funny earthlings to go around, but a thoroughly mean-spirited big-budget movie is always a treasurable rarity. "[35]Jonathan Rosenbaumfrom theChicago Readerpraised thesurreal humorandblack comedy,which he found to be in the vein ofDr. StrangeloveandGremlins(1984). He said it was far from clear whether the movie was a satire, although critics were describing it as one.[36]Todd McCarthy ofVarietycalledMars Attacks!"acult sci-fi comedymiscast as an elaborate,all-starstudio extravaganza. "[37]

Audiences surveyed byCinemaScoregave the film a grade of "B" on a scale of A+ to F.[38]

Awards

[edit]

Mars Attacks!was on the shortlist for theAcademy Award for Best Visual Effectsnominations, but theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and SciencesselectedIndependence Day,Dragonheart,andTwisterinstead.[39]The film was nominated for seven categories at theSaturn Awards.Danny Elfman wonBest Music,while director Tim Burton, writer Jonathan Gems, actor Lukas Haas,costume designerColleen Atwood and thevisual effectsdepartment atIndustrial Light & Magicreceived nominations.Mars Attacks!was nominated for both theSaturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film(which went toIndependence Day)[40]and theHugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.[41]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghijklmnMark Salisbury; Tim Burton (2006). "James and the Giant Peach, Mars Attacks!, Superman Lives and The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy".Burton on Burton.London:Faber and Faber.pp. 145–163.ISBN0-571-22926-3.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^Gates, Anita (December 15, 1996)."Mars Attacks!".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on May 26, 2015.RetrievedJune 2,2018.
  3. ^Fountain, Clarke."Mars Attacks!".Allmovie.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2012.RetrievedOctober 5,2012.
  4. ^Alex Cox."Writing".Archived fromthe originalon February 23, 2014.RetrievedSeptember 17,2014.
  5. ^Gems, Jonathan (April 5, 2021).Mars Attacks Memoirs.London, Great Britain: Quota Books. p. 12.ISBN9781916246041.
  6. ^abcdefgChristine Spines (January 1997). "Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus".Premiere.
  7. ^Gems, Jonathan (April 5, 2021).Mars Attacks Memoirs.London, Great Britain: Quota Books. p. 13.ISBN9781916246041.
  8. ^abSusan Stark (December 7, 1996). "Director Tim Burton Rebels in His New Space Comedy".The Detroit News.
  9. ^Cindy Pearlman (December 8, 1996). "Today, Vegas: Tomorrow, The World! Mean Little Green Guys Attack Earth".Chicago Sun-Times.
  10. ^abAnthony C. Ferrante (March 1997). "Hidden Gems".Fangoria.
  11. ^Gems, Jonathan (April 5, 2021).Mars Attacks Memoirs.London, Great Britain: Quota Books. pp. 41–44.ISBN9781916246041.
  12. ^Gems, Jonathan (April 5, 2021).Mars Attacks Memoirs.London, Great Britain: Quota Books. pp. 86–87.ISBN9781916246041.OCLC1338306930.
  13. ^Gems, Jonathan (April 5, 2021).Mars Attacks Memoirs.London, Great Britain: Quota Books. p. 55.ISBN978-1-9162460-4-1.OCLC1338306930.
  14. ^Gems, Jonathan (April 5, 2021).Mars Attacks Memoirs.London, Great. Britain: Quota Books. p. 86.ISBN9781916246041.OCLC1338306930.
  15. ^Henry Sheehan (December 27, 1996). "Yak-Yak Is Way Martians Communicate".The Orange County Register.
  16. ^Ferrante, Anthony C. (January 1997)."Duck for Cover when Mars Attacks".Fangoria(159):30–35, 79.
  17. ^abcJeff Gordinier (February 23, 1996)."Jack's Back".Entertainment Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on April 27, 2009.RetrievedMay 30,2008.
  18. ^abStaff (1995-07-28)."Target Hollywood".Entertainment Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on 2012-03-01.RetrievedMay 30,2008.
  19. ^ab"About the Production..".Warner Bros.Archived fromthe originalon December 10, 2008.RetrievedApril 14,2009.
  20. ^"'I Knew It Had to Be Sexy' – The Voice of Scream's Ghostface Speaks ".Vice.com.29 October 2019.
  21. ^Ken Hanke (1999). "APlan 9of His Own ".Tim Burton: An Unauthorized Biography of the Filmmaker.Los Angeles:Renaissance Books.pp. 183–92.ISBN1-58063-162-2.
  22. ^Richard Natale (November 21, 1997)."Art of fantasy".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on October 26, 2012.RetrievedApril 13,2009.
  23. ^abStaff (August 23, 1996)."Fall Movie Preview: December".Entertainment Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on April 27, 2009.RetrievedMay 30,2008.
  24. ^Bernard Weinraub (January 2, 1997). "Season of Many Movies, but Not Many Hits".The New York Times.
  25. ^Mars Attacks!: A Novelization (Paperback).Puffin Books. January 1996.ISBN9780140385878.Archivedfrom the original on July 1, 2013.RetrievedApril 14,2009.
  26. ^Elber, Lynn (December 18, 1996)."Sony Cruises to box office top".The Berkshire Eagle.Associated Press. p. 29.Archivedfrom the original on November 4, 2023.RetrievedNovember 4,2023– viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  27. ^"Mars Attacks!".Box Office Mojo.Archivedfrom the original on May 14, 2009.RetrievedApril 14,2009.
  28. ^Edwin Page (2007). "Mars Attacks!".Gothic Fantasy: The Films of Tim Burton.London:Marion Boyars Publishers.pp. 143–158.ISBN978-0-7145-3132-8.
  29. ^John Dempsey (January 22, 1997)."USA Network trumps net window for six features".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on October 26, 2012.RetrievedApril 13,2009.
  30. ^"Mars Attacks!".Rotten Tomatoes.Archivedfrom the original on February 27, 2009.Retrieved4 August2022.
  31. ^"Mars Attacks! (1996): Reviews".Metacritic.Archivedfrom the original on December 8, 2010.RetrievedApril 14,2009.
  32. ^Roger Ebert(December 13, 1996)."Mars Attacks!".Chicago Sun-Times.Archived fromthe originalon April 15, 2005.RetrievedApril 15,2009.
  33. ^Kenneth Turan(December 13, 1996)."Mars Attacks!Tim Burton'sPlan 9".Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on October 23, 2012.RetrievedApril 15,2009.
  34. ^Desson Thomson(December 13, 1996)."Mars Attacks!We Lose ".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2008.RetrievedApril 15,2009.
  35. ^Richard Schickel;Richard Corliss(December 30, 1996)."A Rich Film Feast".Time.Archivedfrom the original on October 1, 2015.RetrievedApril 15,2009.(Subscription required.)
  36. ^Jonathan Rosenbaum(December 12, 1996)."Flirting With Disaster".Chicago Reader.Archivedfrom the original on December 9, 2011.RetrievedApril 15,2009.
  37. ^Todd McCarthy (December 2, 1996)."Mars Attacks!".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on February 3, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2009.
  38. ^"Cinemascore".Archived fromthe originalon 2018-12-20.
  39. ^Andrew Hindes (January 9, 1997)."7 pix set to vie for 3 Oscar f/x noms".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on July 4, 2011.RetrievedApril 12,2009.
  40. ^"Past Saturn Awards".Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-05-12.RetrievedApril 14,2007.
  41. ^"1997 Hugo Awards".TheHugo AwardsOrganization.26 July 2007.Archivedfrom the original on March 2, 2009.RetrievedApril 13,2009.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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