Massif
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(October 2010) |
Amassif(/mæˈsiːf,ˈmæsɪf/) is a principalmountainmass,[1]such as a compact portion of amountain range,containing one or moresummits(e.g. France'sMassif Central). Inmountaineeringliterature, a massif is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain.
As a purely scientific term ingeology,however, a "massif" is separately and more specifically defined as a section of a planet'scrustthat is demarcated byfaultsorflexures.In themovementof the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. A massif is a smaller structural unit than atectonic plateand is considered the fourth-largest driving force ingeomorphology.[2]
The word "massif" originates from French (in which the word also means "massive" ), where it is used to refer to a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an independent portion of a range. TheFace on Marsis an example of an extraterrestrial massif.[3]Massifs may also form underwater, as with theAtlantis Massif.[4]
List
[edit] |
Africa
[edit]- Adrar des Ifoghas–Mali
- Aïr Massif–Niger
- Ambohiby Massif–Madagascar
- Benna Massif–Guinea
- Bongo Massif–Central African Republic
- Ennedi Plateau–Chad
- Kilimanjaro Massif–Kenya–Tanzania
- Oban Massif–Nigeria
- Marojejy Massif–Madagascar
- Mulanje Massif–Malawi
- Virunga Massif–Uganda–Rwanda–DR Congo
- Waterberg Biosphere–South Africa
Algeria
[edit]Antarctica
[edit]Asia
[edit]- Annapurna–Nepal
- Bromo-Tengger-Semeru–Indonesia
- Chu Pong Massif–Vietnam
- Dhaulagiri– Nepal
- Gasherbrum–China-Pakistan
- Kangchenjunga– Nepal–India
- Knuckles Massif–Sri Lanka
- Kondyor Massif–Russia
- Kugitangtau Ridge–Turkmenistan
- Kumgangsan–North Korea
- Logar ultrabasite massif–Afghanistan
- Mount Ararat–Turkey
- Mount Everestmassif (includingLhotse) – Nepal–Tibet(China)
- Mount Kinabalu–Malaysia
- Mount Tomuraushi–Japan
- Nanga Parbat– Pakistan
India
[edit]Iran
[edit]Kazakhstan
[edit]Europe
[edit]
- Aarmassif– Switzerland
- Ardennes Massif– France–Belgium–Luxembourg
- Åreskutan– Sweden
- Arlberg– Austria
- Bohemian Massif– Czech Republic
- Ceahlău Massif– Romania
- Gotthard Massif– Switzerland
- Hesperian Massif– Iberian Peninsula
- Jungfrau Massif– Switzerland
- Mangerton Mountain– Ireland
- Montgris– Spain
- Montserrat– Spain
- Mont Blanc massif– Italy–France–Switzerland
- Rhenish Massif– Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France
- Rila–RhodopeMassif – Bulgaria–Greece
- Troodos– Cyprus
- Untersberg– Germany–Austria
- VitoshaMassif – Bulgaria
France
[edit]- Alpilles
- Aravis Range
- Armorican Massif
- Bauges Massif
- Beaufortain Massif
- Belledonnemassif
- Bornes Massif
- Calanques Massif
- Cerces Massif
- Chablais Massif
- Chartreuse Massif
- Dévoluy Mountains
- Massif des Écrins
- Jura Mountains
- Lauzière massif
- Luberon
- Massif Central
- Massif de l'Esterel
- Massif du Mercantour-Argentera
- Monte Cinto massif
- Taillefer Massif
- Queyras Massif
- Vanoise Massif
- Vercors Plateau
- Vosges Mountains
Italy
[edit]- Gran Sasso d'Italia
- Grappa Massif
- Massiccio del Matese
- Massiccio del Pollino
- Monte Ermada
- Sila Massif
- Speikboden (South Tyrol)
United Kingdom
[edit]- Ben Nevismassif
- Cornubian Massif
- Long Mynd
- Snowdon Massif
- Ben Klibreck
- Cairngormsmassifs
North America
[edit]Canada
[edit]- Laurentian Massif
- Le Massif de Charlevoix
- Mount Logan
- Mount Cayley
- Level Mountain
- Mount Edziza
- Mount Meager massif
- Mount Septimus
United States
[edit]- Adirondack Massif
- Denali
- Grandfather Mountain
- Mount Juneau
- Mount Katahdin
- Mount Le Conte
- Mount Shuksan
- Mount Timpanogos
- Shenandoah[6]
- French Broad[7]
- Teton Range
Oceania
[edit]Caribbean
[edit]South America
[edit]- Brasilia Massif–Brazil,Argentina,Paraguay,Uruguay.
- Neblina Massif–Venezuela–Brazil
- Colombian Massif–Colombia
- North Patagonian Massif– Argentina
- Deseado Massif– Argentina
Submerged
[edit]- Atlantis Massif– part of theMid-Atlantic Ridgein the NorthAtlantic Ocean
- Tamu Massif— the largest volcano on Earth
References
[edit]- ^"massif".Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.Merriam-Webster.Retrieved2023-06-21.
- ^Allen, P. A.2008, Time scales of tectonic landscapes and their sediment routing systems, Geol. Soc. Lon. Sp. Pub., v. 296, p. 7–28.
- ^Britt, Robert Roy (2006-09-21)."Mars Face Makeover: Controversial Formation Observed from New Angles".Space.com.Retrieved2009-05-04.
- ^Blackman, Donna (2002). "Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N): Implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic core complex".Marine Geophysical Researches.23(5): 443–469.Bibcode:2002MarGR..23..443B.doi:10.1023/b:mari.0000018232.14085.75.S2CID96459991.
- ^"The Sydney Morning Herald, November 6, 2009".2009-11-06.
- ^Tollo, Richard (June 16, 2023)."Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Blue Ridge Province in North-Central Virginia: Petrologic and Structural Perspectives on Grenvillian Orogenesis and Paleozoic Tectonic Processes".USGS.RetrievedJune 15,2023.
- ^Tollo, Richard (June 16, 2023)."Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Blue Ridge Province in North-Central Virginia: Petrologic and Structural Perspectives on Grenvillian Orogenesis and Paleozoic Tectonic Processes".USGS.RetrievedJune 15,2023.