May Assembly

May Assembly(Serbian:Мајска скупштина / Majska skupština) was the national assembly of theSerbsinAustrian Empire,held on 1 and 3 (O.S.) [13 and 15 (N.S.)] May 1848 inSremski Karlovci,during which the Serbs proclaimed autonomousSerbian Vojvodina.This action was later recognized by the supreme Austrian authority inVienna.The May Assembly was part of theEuropean Revolutions of 1848.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Prelude

After news of theParis revolution of 1848reached the Austrian Empire, the absolutist reign ofKlemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternichwas weakened. At this time the regions ofBanat,BačkaandSyrmiawere administratively divided between theHabsburg Kingdom of Hungary(in the north) and the HabsburgMilitary Frontier(in the south). A sizeable percent of the Austrian soldiers serving on the Military Frontier were ethnicSerbs,who protected Austrian borders in exchange for certain political freedoms that they were able to enjoy within the frontier, whose administration functioned independently from the county-system of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.

After the outbreak of the revolution in the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary on 15 March 1848, the new government of the kingdom refused to accept the Serbs' request for recognition of their national rights, taking a stance that all citizens of the Kingdom of Hungary areHungarians.Serbs, whose national rights and freedoms were previously regulated within theHabsburg monarchysaw the Hungarian position as a degradation of their status. After the initial Serb political demands for recognition of their national rights were rejected by the new government of the Kingdom of Hungary, Serb demands became more radical and the Serb national movement turned against the new revolutionary government of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Assembly

Realizing that Hungarian revolutionary leaders are not willing to recognize national rights of the Serbs, political leaders of the Serbs decided to hold an assembly on which a separate Serbvoivodeshipwithin Austrian Empire would be proclaimed.

Assembly was held on 1–3 May 1848 inSremski Karlovci(a town within the HabsburgMilitary Frontier).^[4]The beginning of the May Assembly was declared from the balcony ofSremski Karlovci City Hall.The assembly proclaimed a creation ofSerbian Vojvodinaand its political alliance with theTriune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia.

During the assembly, Serbian Orthodox MetropolitanJosif Rajačićwas elevated to the dignity of the Serbianpatriarch(a title formerly held byArsenije Čarnojević) whileStevan Šupljikacwas declared for aVoivode(duke) of the newly formed voivodeship.^[5]Đorđe Stratimirovićwas elected for theVožd(leader of Serb national movement).^[6]

The decisions of the Assembly

The assembly officially adopted the following decisions:^[7]

Serb nationis politically free and independent under theHouse of Austriaandgeneral Hungarian crown.
We proclaimingSerbian Vojvodina,which includesSyrmiawith theFrontier,Baranja,Bačkawith theBečej Districtand theŠajkaš Battalion,Banatwith theFrontierand theKikinda District.
Serbian Vojvodina forming the political alliance with theTriune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia.
Permanent People's Board is formed, as an executive body of the People's Assembly.
We recognizingVlach(Romanian) ethnic independence.
We appointing the Board which will bring these decisions in front of theEmperorand theCroatianAssembly.
We appointing delegation for theSlavic CongressinPrague.

Aftermath

Decisions of the May Assembly were later recognized by the Austrian emperor, who reciprocated to Serbs for participating in the war against Hungarian rebels.Austrian Constitutionof 4 March 1849 (Article 72) approved the formation of Serbian Vojvodina (German:Woiwodschaft Serbien), that was accomplished by the official formation of a separate crownland namedVoivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar(formed in November 1849).^[8]The new Voivodeship was independent fromHabsburg Kingdom of Hungaryand was directly subordinated toVienna.It consisted of the regions ofBanat,BačkaandSyrmia(municipalities ofIlokandRuma), excluding parts that were within the Habsburg Military Frontier.^[8]^[9]This Voivodeship, however, had somewhat different borders fromSerbian Vojvodinathat was proclaimed in 1848 and essentially functioned as an administrative district.^[10]^[11]It was more ethnically mixed and included eastern parts of Banat with mainly Romanian population, while parts of the Military Frontier in which Serbs formed the majority were not included into new Habsburg crownland.

References

^Krestić 1997,p. 31.
^Ćirković 2004,p. 196-203.
^Bataković 2005,p. 224-227.
^Dedijer, Vladimir; Božić, Ivan; Ćirković, Sima M. (1974).History of Yugoslavia.McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 314.ISBN 9780070162358.
^Bataković, Dušan T. (2014).The Foreign Policy of Serbia (1844-1867): IIija Garašanin's Načertanije.Balkanološki institut SANU. pp. 170–171.ISBN 9788671790895.
^Ćirković 2004,p. 202.
^Boarov, Dimitrije (10 May 1997)."Na pravoj ili krivoj strani istorije".Naša Borba.
^^a ^bPetsinis, Vassilis (2019).National Identity in Serbia: The Vojvodina and a Multi-Ethnic Community in the Balkans.Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 37.ISBN 9781788317085.
^Ivanišević, Alojz (1984).Kroatische Politik der Wiener Zentralstellen von 1849 bis 1852(in German). VWGÖ. p. 48.ISBN 9783853695784...die Einverleibung der seit dem 18.11.1849 zur [Serbisch] Vojvodschaft gehörenden syrmischen Bezirke Ruma und Ilok
^Unkovski-Korica, Vladimir (2018). "World War II and the National Question: The Origins of the Autonomous Status of Vojvodina in Yugoslavia". In Cox, Terry (ed.).Geoffrey Swain: Against the Grain.Routledge.ISBN 9781351393126.
^Miller, Nicholas J. (1997).Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia Before the First World War.University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 15.ISBN 9780822977223.

Sources

Bataković, Dušan T.,ed. (2005).Histoire du peuple serbe[History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.
Ćirković, Sima(2004).The Serbs.Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Krestić, Vasilije(1997).History of the Serbs in Croatia and Slavonia 1848-1914.Belgrade: BIGZ.
Miller, Nicholas J. (1997).Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia Before the First World War.Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

External links

[FOOTNOTEKrestić199731-1] Krestić 1997,p. 31.

[FOOTNOTEĆirković2004196-203-2] Ćirković 2004,p. 196-203.

[FOOTNOTEBataković2005224-227-3] Bataković 2005,p. 224-227.

[4] Dedijer, Vladimir; Božić, Ivan; Ćirković, Sima M. (1974).History of Yugoslavia.McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 314.ISBN 9780070162358.

[Bataković-5] Bataković, Dušan T. (2014).The Foreign Policy of Serbia (1844-1867): IIija Garašanin's Načertanije.Balkanološki institut SANU. pp. 170–171.ISBN 9788671790895.

[FOOTNOTEĆirković2004202-6] Ćirković 2004,p. 202.

[7] Boarov, Dimitrije (10 May 1997)."Na pravoj ili krivoj strani istorije".Naša Borba.

[Petsinis-8] Petsinis, Vassilis (2019).National Identity in Serbia: The Vojvodina and a Multi-Ethnic Community in the Balkans.Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 37.ISBN 9781788317085.

[9] Ivanišević, Alojz (1984).Kroatische Politik der Wiener Zentralstellen von 1849 bis 1852(in German). VWGÖ. p. 48.ISBN 9783853695784...die Einverleibung der seit dem 18.11.1849 zur [Serbisch] Vojvodschaft gehörenden syrmischen Bezirke Ruma und Ilok

[10] Unkovski-Korica, Vladimir (2018). "World War II and the National Question: The Origins of the Autonomous Status of Vojvodina in Yugoslavia". In Cox, Terry (ed.).Geoffrey Swain: Against the Grain.Routledge.ISBN 9781351393126.

[11] Miller, Nicholas J. (1997).Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia Before the First World War.University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 15.ISBN 9780822977223.

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