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Melrose, Bronx

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Coordinates:40°49′30″N73°54′36″W/ 40.825°N 73.91°W/40.825; -73.91
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Melrose
Neighborhood of the Bronx
Looking west across St Ann's Avenue and along East 156th Street
Looking west across St Ann's Avenue and along East 156th Street
Map
Location in New York City
Coordinates:40°49′30″N73°54′36″W/ 40.825°N 73.91°W/40.825; -73.91
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CityNew York City
BoroughThe Bronx
Community DistrictBronx 1[1]
Founded19th century
Named forMelrose Abbey
Area
[2]
• Total1.06 km2(0.408 sq mi)
Population
(2011)[2]
• Total24,913
• Density24,000/km2(61,000/sq mi)
Economics
•Median income$24,467
ZIP Codes
10451, 10455, 10456
Area code718, 347, 929,and917
Websitewww.melrose.nyc

Melroseis a mostly residential neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough ofthe Bronx.It adjoins the business and one-time theater area known asThe Hub.Melrose is rectangular-shaped, being bordered by Saint Anns Avenue on the east, 149th Street on the south,Park Avenueon the west, and 163rd Street to the north. Melrose Avenue and Third Avenue are the primary thoroughfares through Melrose.

The neighborhood is part ofBronx Community Board 1,and its ZIP Codes include 10451, 10455, and 10456. The area is patrolled by theNew York City Police Department's 40th Precinct.[3]New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue.

PredominantlyGerman Americanin the 19th century it was home toHaffen Brewing Company.The German population waned especially post-World War II. The neighborhood until the 1960s was mostlyIrishandItalian.[4]It is now primarilyLatino.

Grupo TACAoperates a Bronx-area TACA Satellite at 570 Melrose Avenue.[5]Melrose is considered part of the socioeconomicSouth Bronx.

History

[edit]
Looking northwest at apartment building on Melrose Avenue and E 154th Street

Melrose was a village in the town ofMorrisania,[6]in thecounty of Westchesterbefore being incorporated into New York City in 1874 as part of the Twenty-Third Ward. Originally a denseworking-classneighborhood, the housing that was often hastily built to capitalize on the turn of the 20th century immigrant escape fromManhattansoon became unsuitable to all but the poorest. Amass exodussoon took place as New York City policy–induced arson soon ravaged the neighborhood throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973, the City of New York dismantled theThird Avenue El(an original draw to the neighborhood) due to low ridership. By the 1980s the neighborhood had decayed severely, and much of the original housing stock was lost. Vacant buildings and then lots became commonplace.[7]

Since the mid-1990s, but especially in the 2000s, significant renewal has taken place. A prominent player in the revitalization efforts has been the group Nos Quedamos which in English means "we stay". Many abandoned structures have been renovated and many lots have been constructed on. In most recent years the area has seen a significant "Green" construction boom. Leading the borough in the number ofLEEDcertified apartment buildings, the largest being Via Verde, winner of the 2013Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellencesilver medal. Melrose is also home to The Bronx campus ofBoricua College.Despite lingering social problems due to a continued significant poverty presence, Melrose has come a long way from a previously "forgotten" neighborhood.[4][8]

Four historic Melrose churches date to before 1900. The German Methodist Church (1878) 790 Elton Ave., The German Reformed Church (1885) (seen in the distance with white steeple picture above) 744 Elton Ave., Immaculate Conception Church (1887) 389 E. 150th St. and the German Lutheran Church (1895) 376 E. 156th St.

The Melrose neighborhood has grown sinceJimmy Carter's famous visit to the Bronx in 1977[9]and will continue to do so as the city's last parcels are sold for development. Many parcels are still in the development phase but will skyrocket the Melrose population.[10]

In 2012, residents expressed concern regarding theMelroseMetro-Northstation in the neighborhood. Residents would like to see more frequent service, but track and capacity limitations hinder the amount of service available for the stop. Other concerns regarded the lack of handicap access, and the past closure of the main entrance to the stop. The main entrance was closed when the community was at the height of its turmoil, but as the community has regained its footing the desire to have the station open to the primary commercial street, East161st Street,has grown.

Demographics

[edit]

Melrose is a high-density neighborhood with a population consisting primarily ofLatin AmericansandAfrican Americans.Almost half of the population lives below the federal poverty line.[11][12]

Based on data from the2010 United States Census,the population of Melrose, including northeastern Mott Haven, was 39,214, a change of 6,019 (15.3%) from the 33,195 counted in2000.Covering an area of 396.81 acres (160.58 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 98.8 inhabitants per acre (63,200/sq mi; 24,400/km2).[13]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.5% (571)White,27.5% (10,787)African American,0.2% (84)Native American,0.8% (314)Asian,0% (11)Pacific Islander,0.2% (93) fromother races,and 0.7% (260) from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 69.1% (27,094) of the population.[14]

The entirety of Community District 1, which comprises Melrose and Mott Haven, had 98,403 inhabitants as ofNYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 77.6 years.[15]: 2, 20 This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[16]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [17]Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 28% are between the ages of between 0–17, 28% between 25–44, and 21% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 12% and 10% respectively.[15]: 2 

As of 2017, the medianhousehold incomein Community Districts 1 and 2, includingLongwood,was $20,966.[18]In 2018, an estimated 29% of Melrose and Mott Haven residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (12%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 58% in Melrose and Mott Haven, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018,Melrose and Mott Haven are considered to be low-income relative to the rest of the city and isgentrifying.[15]: 7 

Land use and terrain

[edit]
Melrose Community Reformed Church

Melrose is dominated by large residential housing complexes of various types, primarily public housing, and tenement style apartment buildings. Most of the original housing stock which consisted of older multi-unit homes and tenements were structurally damaged by arson during the citywide fiscal crisis and eventually razed by the city. In the last decade, construction of modern 2- and 3-unit row-houses and apartment buildings have increased the percentage of owners versus renters. The neighborhood contains one of the highest concentrations of NYCHA projects in the Bronx. The terrain is somewhat hilly.

The Third Avenue Business Improvement District

[edit]

The Hub-Third Avenue BID is a major local retail district located where five major thoroughfares converge: East 149th Street, Westchester, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. The area is served by the 2 and 5 lines at East 149th Street and Third Avenue. One of The Bronx's largest shopping areas (eclipsed only by Fordham Road).[19]

Low-income public housing projects

[edit]
  • There are fiveNYCHAdevelopments located in Melrose.[20]
  1. East 152nd Street-Courtlandt Avenue; two buildings, 11 and 12 stories tall.
  2. Jackson Houses; seven 16-story buildings.
  3. Melrose Houses; eight 14-story buildings.
  4. Morrisania Air Rights; three buildings, 19, 23, and 29 stories.
  5. South Bronx Area (Site 402); four buildings, 3 stories tall.
  • Park Avenue Green, the largest certifiedPassive Housein North America, opened in 2019.[21]

Media

[edit]

TheMott Haven Heraldis a news outlet that reports inMott Haven,Melrose, andPort Morris.It is produced by students at theCity University Graduate School of Journalismand edited by Joe Hirsch.

Police and crime

[edit]

Melrose and Mott Haven are patrolled by the 40th Precinct of theNYPD,located at 257 Alexander Avenue.[3]The 40th Precinct ranked 59th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[22]As of 2018,with a non-fatal assault rate of 186 per 100,000 people, Melrose and Mott Haven's rate ofviolent crimesper capita is greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 1,214 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.[15]: 8 

The 40th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 60.2% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 15 murders, 31 rapes, 559 robberies, 850 felony assaults, 365 burglaries, 753 grand larcenies, and 306 grand larcenies auto in 2022.[23]

Fire safety

[edit]

Melrose contains twoNew York City Fire Department(FDNY) fire stations:[24]

  • Engine Co. 71/Ladder Co. 55/Division 6 – 720 Melrose Avenue[25]
  • Squad 41 – 330 East 150th Street[26]

In addition,FDNY EMSStation 14 is located atLincoln Hospitalat 234 East 149th Street.

AlsoFDNY EMSStation 55 is located at 3134 Park Avenue.

Health

[edit]

As of 2018,preterm birthsand births to teenage mothers are more common in Melrose and Mott Haven than in other places citywide. In Melrose and Mott Haven, there were 95 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 35.1 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[15]: 11 Melrose and Mott Haven has a relatively high population of residents who areuninsured.In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 14%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[15]: 14 

The concentration offine particulate matter,the deadliest type ofair pollutant,in Melrose and Mott Haven is 0.0086 milligrams per cubic metre (8.6×10−9oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[15]: 9 Fifteen percent of Melrose and Mott Haven residents aresmokers,which is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[15]: 13 In Melrose and Mott Haven, 42% of residents areobese,20% arediabetic,and 38% havehigh blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[15]: 16 In addition, 24% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[15]: 12 

Eighty-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 72% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.[15]: 13 For every supermarket in Melrose and Mott Haven, there are 25bodegas.[15]: 10 

The nearest hospital isNYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln.[27]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

[edit]

Melrose is covered by multipleZIP Codes.Most of the neighborhood is located in 10451, but the southeastern corner is part of 10455 and the northeastern corner is part of 10456.[28]TheUnited States Postal Serviceoperates two post offices in Melrose: The Melcourt Station at 860 Melrose Avenue,[29]and theBronx Stationat 558 Grand Concourse.[30]

Education

[edit]

Melrose and Mott Haven generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018.While 16% of residents aged 25 and older have a college education or higher, 41% have less than a high school education and 43% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[15]: 6 The percentage of Melrose and Mott Haven students excelling in math rose from 18% in 2000 to 37% in 2011, though reading achievement decreased slightly from 25% to 24% during the same time period.[31]

Melrose and Mott Haven's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is more than the rest of New York City. In Melrose and Mott Haven, 32% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days perschool year,higher than the citywide average of 20%.[16]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [15]: 6 Additionally, 62% of high school students in Melrose and Mott Haven graduate on time, lower than the citywide average of 75%.[15]: 6 

Schools

[edit]
Alfred E. Smith High School on East 151st Street

Public schools:

  • PS 1: Courtlandt (East 152nd St and Courtlandt Avenue)
  • PS 29: Melrose (East 156th St and Courtlandt Avenue)
  • Alfred E. Smith High School(East 151st St and Courtlandt Avenue)
  • Bronx Haven High School (East 151st St and Courtlandt Avenue)

Private School:

  • Immaculate Conception (378 E 151st St.)
  • St. Peter and Paul (838 Brook Avenue)
  • Boricua College (890 Washington Avenue)

Libraries

[edit]
New York Public Library,Melrose branch

TheNew York Public Libraryoperates the Melrose branch at 910 Morris Avenue. The branch, a two-story, 10,000-square-foot (930 m2)Carnegie library,opened in 1914. It originally had four stories, but the top two floors were removed in a 1959 renovation.[32]

Transportation

[edit]
MelroseMetro-Northstation

The followingMTA Regional Bus Operationsbus routes serve Melrose:[33]

The followingNew York City Subwaystations serve Melrose:[34]

TheMetro-North Railroadalso stops atMelrose station,a local station on 162nd Street that is also served by theHarlem Line.[33]

Notable people

[edit]

Notable current and former residents of Melrose include:

  • B-Lovee(born 2000), drill rapper affiliated with the OGz group
  • Louis F. Haffen(1854–1935), engineer and politician who was the first Bronx Borough President[35]
  • Sha EK(born 2003), drill artist affiliated with the OGz group[36]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"NYC Planning | Community Profiles".communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov.New York City Department of City Planning.RetrievedFebruary 25,2018.
  2. ^ab"Melrose neighborhood in New York".RetrievedAugust 20,2015.
  3. ^ab"NYPD – 40th Precinct".www.nyc.gov.New York City Police Department.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  4. ^abJackson, Nancy B. (March 6, 2005)."LIVING IN/Melrose Commons, the Bronx; The Sound of Construction".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 26,2015.
  5. ^"TACA Offices."Grupo TACA.Retrieved on January 27, 2009.
  6. ^Skal, Georg von (1908).History of German Immigration in the United States and Successful German-Americans and Their Descendants.Smiley. p. 150.RetrievedDecember 30,2017.
  7. ^"The Bronx County Historical Society".Archived fromthe originalon June 9, 2015.RetrievedSeptember 30,2015.
  8. ^"Nos Quedamos Community Development Corporation".RetrievedApril 11,2016.
  9. ^LEE DEMBART (October 6, 1977). "Carter Takes 'Sobering' Trip to South Bron".New York Times.p. 1.
  10. ^"Construction In Melrose Continues Despite A Weak Economy".January 19, 2011.RetrievedSeptember 30,2015.
  11. ^"Bronx Community District 1"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 4, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2015.
  12. ^"Center for Urban Research".Archived fromthe originalon October 13, 2015.RetrievedSeptember 30,2015.
  13. ^Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre – New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010,Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  14. ^Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin – New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010,Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  15. ^abcdefghijklmno"Mott Haven and Melrose (Including Melrose, Mott Haven and Port Morris)"(PDF).nyc.gov.NYC Health. 2018.RetrievedMarch 2,2019.
  16. ^ab"2016–2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020"(PDF).nyc.gov.New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.2016.RetrievedSeptember 8,2017.
  17. ^Short, Aaron (June 4, 2017)."New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives".New York Post.RetrievedMarch 1,2019.
  18. ^"NYC-Bronx Community District 1 & 2--Hunts Point, Longwood & Melrose PUMA, NY".Census Reporter.RetrievedJuly 17,2018.
  19. ^"Hub 3rd Avenue BID".
  20. ^"NYCHA".Archived fromthe originalon May 25, 2015.RetrievedApril 11,2016.
  21. ^Alter, Lloyd (December 12, 2019)."Park Avenue Green is the largest Passive House building in North America".TreeHugger.RetrievedDecember 17,2019.
  22. ^"Mott Haven – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report".www.dnainfo.com.Archived fromthe originalon April 15, 2017.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  23. ^"40th Precinct CompStat Report"(PDF).www.nyc.gov.New York City Police Department.RetrievedJuly 22,2018.
  24. ^"FDNY Firehouse Listing – Location of Firehouses and companies".NYC Open Data;Socrata.New York City Fire Department.September 10, 2018.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  25. ^"Engine Company 71/Ladder Company 55/Division 6".FDNYtrucks.com.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  26. ^"Squad Company 41".FDNYtrucks.com.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  27. ^"Best 30 Hospitals in Bronx, NY with Reviews".Yellow Pages.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  28. ^"Mott Haven, New York City-Bronx, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY)".United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA).RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  29. ^"Location Details: Melcourt".USPS.com.RetrievedMarch 7,2019.
  30. ^"Location Details: Bronx".USPS.com.RetrievedMarch 7,2019.
  31. ^"Melrose and Mott Haven – BX 01"(PDF).Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy.2011.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  32. ^"About the Melrose Library".The New York Public Library.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  33. ^ab"Bronx Bus Map"(PDF).Metropolitan Transportation Authority.October 2018.RetrievedDecember 1,2020.
  34. ^"Subway Map"(PDF).Metropolitan Transportation Authority.September 2021.RetrievedSeptember 17,2021.
  35. ^Haffen Park,New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.Accessed January 2, 2024. "Louis F. Haffen (1854-1935) was the first Borough President of the Bronx. The son of a German dairy farmer and beer brewer, he was born on November 6, 1854 in Melrose, Westchester County (now the Bronx) at Courtlandt Avenue and Elton Street (now 152nd Street)."
  36. ^Major, Michael."Bronx Drill Star Sha Ek Releases New Single 'It's About Time'",BroadwayWorld,March 31, 2023. Accessed January 2, 2024. "Born Chalim Perry to Honduran parents, Sha EK spent much of his upbringing observing the harsh realities of the Melrose section of the South Bronx."
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