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Mesodinium

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Mesodinium
Mesodiniumspecies containing green plastids taken from cryptophyte prey[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
SAR
(unranked):
Alveolata
Phylum:
Ciliophora
Class:
Litostomatea
Order:
Cyclotrichiida
Family:
Mesodiniidae
Genus:
Mesodinium
Species

Mesodiniumis a genus ofciliatesthat are widely distributed and are abundant in marine and brackish waters.[2][3]

Currently, six marine species ofMesodiniumhave been described and grouped by nutritional mode:plastidic(M. chamaeleon,M. coatsi,M. major,andM. rubrum) orheterotrophic(M. pulexandM. pupula). There is some debate as to whether the nutritional mode of plastidicMesodiniumspecies isphototrophic(permanent plastid) ormixotrophic.[4][5]Among the plastidic species, wildM. majorandM. rubrumpopulations possess red plastids belonging to generaTeleaulax,Plagioselmis,andGeminigera,[6][7][8]while wildM. chamaeleonandM. coatsipopulations normally contain green plastids.[9][10][11]The availability of suitable cryptophyte prey is important for bloom formation of plastidicMesodiniumspecies.[1]

The most common species,Mesodinium rubrum,causesred tidesin many coastal ecosystems. AlthoughM. rubrumis known as a nontoxic species,[12]blooms of the ciliate can be potentially harmful to aquaculture industries.[13][14][1]M. rubrumphotosynthesizes by sequestering the nucleus of itscryptophyteprey, in order to maintain stolen plastids and other organelles.[15]In this way, the genusMesodiniumplays an important role in linking cryptophycean prey and diverse predators in the aquatic microbial food web. For example, the dinoflagellatesDinophysisspp., which are a predator ofM. rubrumand the source of their cryptophyte-derived plastids, have been frequently observed to precede or to coincide with high densities ofM. rubrum.[16][17][18][19][1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdNishitani, G. and Yamaguchi, M. (2018) "Seasonal succession of ciliateMesodiniumspp. with red, green, or mixed plastids and their association with cryptophyte prey ".Scientific reports,8(1): 1–9.doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35629-4.Material was copied from this source, which is available under aCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  2. ^Leppanen, J. M. & Bruun, J. E. (1986) The role of pelagic ciliates including the autotrophic Mesodinium rubrum during the spring bloom of 1982 in the open northern Baltic proper. Ophelia 4, 147–157.
  3. ^Sanders, R. W. (1995) Seasonal distributions of the photosynthesizing ciliates Laboea strobila and Myrionecta rubra (=Mesodinium rubrum) in an estuary of the Gulf of Maine. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 9, 237–242.
  4. ^Dajun Qiu; Liangmin Huang; Senjie Lin (10 October 2016)."Cryptophyte farming by symbiotic ciliate host detected in situ".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.113(43): 12208–12213.Bibcode:2016PNAS..11312208Q.doi:10.1073/PNAS.1612483113.ISSN0027-8424.PMC5087057.PMID27791006.WikidataQ30826949.
  5. ^Matthew D Johnson; Erica Lasek-Nesselquist; Holly V Moeller; et al. (1 February 2017)."Mesodinium rubrum: The symbiosis that wasn't".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.114(7): E1040–E1042.Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.1040J.doi:10.1073/PNAS.1619247114.ISSN0027-8424.PMC5320990.PMID28154148.WikidataQ42320407.
  6. ^Goh Nishitani; Satoshi Nagai; Katsuhisa Baba; et al. (May 2010)."High-level congruence of Myrionecta rubra prey and Dinophysis species plastid identities as revealed by genetic analyses of isolates from Japanese coastal waters".Applied and Environmental Microbiology.76(9): 2791–8.doi:10.1128/AEM.02566-09.ISSN0099-2240.PMC2863437.PMID20305031.WikidataQ24629387.
  7. ^L Herfort; TD Peterson; LA McCue; et al. (4 January 2011). "Myrionecta rubra population genetic diversity and its cryptophyte chloroplast specificity in recurrent red tides in the Columbia River estuary".Aquatic Microbial Ecology.62(1): 85–97.doi:10.3354/AME01460.ISSN0948-3055.WikidataQ57272516.
  8. ^Lydie Herfort; Katie Maxey; Ian Voorhees; Holly M Simon; Kolette Grobler; Tawnya D Peterson; Peter Zuber (7 April 2017). "Use of Highly Specific Molecular Markers Reveals Positive Correlation between Abundances of Mesodinium cf. major and Its Preferred Prey, Teleaulax amphioxeia, During Red Water Blooms in the Columbia River Estuary".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.64(6): 740–755.doi:10.1111/JEU.12407.ISSN1066-5234.PMID28258655.WikidataQ46343430.
  9. ^Lydia Garcia-Cuetos;Øjvind Moestrup;Per J Hansen (18 June 2012). "Studies on the genus Mesodinium II. Ultrastructural and molecular investigations of five marine species help clarifying the taxonomy".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.59(4): 374–400.doi:10.1111/J.1550-7408.2012.00630.X.ISSN1066-5234.PMID22708786.WikidataQ34282405.
  10. ^Ojvind Moestrup;Lydia Garcia-Cuetos; Per Juel Hansen;Tom Fenchel(1 January 2012). "Studies on the genus Mesodinium I: ultrastructure and description of Mesodinium chamaeleon n. sp., a benthic marine species with green or red chloroplasts".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.59(1): 20–39.doi:10.1111/J.1550-7408.2011.00593.X.ISSN1066-5234.PMID22221919.WikidataQ34030100.
  11. ^Seung Won Nam; Woongghi Shin; Misun Kang; Wonho Yih; Myung Gil Park (21 August 2014). "Ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of Mesodinium coatsi sp. nov., a benthic marine ciliate".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.62(1): 102–120.doi:10.1111/JEU.12150.ISSN1066-5234.PMID25047232.WikidataQ30837739.
  12. ^Lindholm, T. (1985) Mesodinium rubrum–a unique photosynthetic ciliate. Adv. Aquat. Microbiol. 3, 1–48.
  13. ^Hayes, G. C., Purdie, D. A. & Williams, J. A. (1989) The distribution of ichthyoplankton in Southampton Water in response to low oxygen levels produced by a Mesodinium rubrum bloom. J. Fish Biol. 34, 811–813.
  14. ^Liu, H. et al. (2012) Potential risk of Mesodinium rubrum bloom in the aquaculture area of Dapeng’ao cove, China: diurnal changes in the ciliate community structure in the surface water. Oceanologia 54, 109–117.
  15. ^Matthew D Johnson; David Oldach; Charles F. Delwiche; Diane K Stoecker (1 January 2007). "Retention of transcriptionally active cryptophyte nuclei by the ciliate Myrionecta rubra".Nature.445(7126): 426–428.doi:10.1038/NATURE05496.ISSN1476-4687.PMID17251979.WikidataQ34606048.
  16. ^Mouritsen, L. T. & Richardson, K. (2003) Vertical microscale patchiness in nano- and microplankton distributions in a stratifed estuary. J. Plankton Res. 25, 783–797.
  17. ^Conny O Sjöqvist; Tore J Lindholm (13 May 2011). "Natural co-occurrence of Dinophysis acuminata (Dinoflagellata) and Mesodinium rubrum (Ciliophora) in thin layers in a coastal inlet".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.58(4): 365–372.doi:10.1111/J.1550-7408.2011.00559.X.ISSN1066-5234.PMID21569163.WikidataQ51598919.
  18. ^Lips, U. & Lips, I. (2014) Bimodal distribution patterns of motile phytoplankton in relation to physical processes and stratification (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea). Deep-Sea Res. II. 101, 107–119.
  19. ^L. Velo-Suárez; S. González-Gil; Y. Pazos; B. Reguera (March 2014). "The growth season of Dinophysis acuminata in an upwelling system embayment: A conceptual model based on in situ measurements".Deep-Sea Research. Part 2: Topical Studies in Oceanography.101:141–151.doi:10.1016/J.DSR2.2013.03.033.ISSN0967-0645.WikidataQ60507600.
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