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Messier 83

Coordinates:Sky map13h37m00.9s,−29° 51′ 57″
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This article is about the galaxy. For the band, seeM83 (band).

Messier83
Messier 83 captured by the Wide Field Imager at ESO'sLa Silla Observatoryin September 2008
Observation data (J2000epoch)
ConstellationHydra
Right ascension13h37m00.919s[1]
Declination−29° 51′ 56.74″[1]
Redshift0.001721±0.000013[2]
Heliocentric radial velocity508 km/s[3]
Distance14.7Mly(4.50Mpc)[3]
Apparent magnitude(V)7.6[4]
Characteristics
TypeSAB(s)c[2]
Size36.24kiloparsecs(118,000light-years)
(diameter;26.0 mag/arcsec2B-band isophote)[2]
Apparent size(V)12′.9 × 11′.5[5]
Other designations
Southern Pinwheel Galaxy,NGC5236,PGC48082, UGCA 366[6]

Messier 83orM83,also known as theSouthern Pinwheel GalaxyandNGC 5236,is abarred spiral galaxy[7]approximately 15 millionlight-yearsaway in theconstellationborders ofHydraandCentaurus.Nicolas-Louis de Lacaillediscovered M83 on 17 February 1752 at theCape of Good Hope.[8]Charles Messieradded it to his catalogue of nebulous objects (now known as theMessier Catalogue) in March 1781.[8]

It is one of the closest and brightest barred spiral galaxies in the sky, and is visible withbinoculars.[9]It has anisophotal diameterat about 36.24kiloparsecs(118,000light-years). Its nickname of the Southern[a]Pinwheel derives from its resemblance to thePinwheel Galaxy(M101).

Characteristics[edit]

M83 is a massive,grand design spiral galaxy.[10]Itsmorphological classificationin theDe Vaucouleurssystem is SAB(s)c,[2]where the 'SAB' denotes a weak-barred spiral, '(s)' indicates a pure spiral structure with no ring, and 'c' means the spiral arms are loosely wound.[11]The peculiar dwarf galaxyNGC 5253lies near M83,[12]and the two likely interacted within the last billion years resulting instarburstactivity in their central regions.[10]

Thestar formationrate in M83 is higher along the leading edge of the spiral arms, as predicted bydensity wave theory.[13]NASA'sGalaxy Evolution Explorerproject on 16 April 2008 reported finding large numbers of new stars in the outer reaches of the galaxy—20kpcfrom the center. It had hitherto been thought that these areas lacked the materials necessary forstar formation.[14][15]

Supernovae[edit]

Sixsupernovaehave been observed in M83: SN 1923A (mag. 14),[16]SN 1945B (mag. 14.2),[17]SN 1950B (mag. 14.5),[18]SN 1957D (mag. 15),[19][20]SN 1968L (mag. 11.9),[21]and SN 1983N (type Ia,mag. 11.9).[22]

Environment[edit]

M83 is at the center of one of two subgroups within theCentaurus A/M83 Group,a nearbygalaxy group.[23]Centaurus Ais at the center of the other subgroup. These are sometimes identified as one group,[24][25]and sometimes as two.[26]However, the galaxies around Centaurus A and the galaxies around M83 are physically close to each other, and both subgroups appear not to be moving relative to each other.[27]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abSkrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006)."The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)".The Astronomical Journal.131(2): 1163–1183.Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S.doi:10.1086/498708.ISSN0004-6256.S2CID18913331.
  2. ^abcdde Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. (1991). "Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies". 9. New York:Springer-Verlag.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  3. ^abTully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016)."Cosmicflows-3".The Astronomical Journal.152(2): 21.arXiv:1605.01765.Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T.doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50.S2CID250737862.50.
  4. ^"Messier 83".SEDS Messier Catalog.Retrieved30 April2022.
  5. ^"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database".Results for NGC 5236.Retrieved8 December2006.
  6. ^"M 83".SIMBAD.Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.Retrieved29 November2009.
  7. ^"Multimedia Gallery: M83 – Southern Pinwheel Galaxy".NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team. 25 June 2010.
  8. ^abJones, K. G. (1991).Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters(2nd ed.). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-37079-0.
  9. ^"M 83".messierobjects101.com.11 October 2016.Retrieved19 April2018.
  10. ^abCalzetti, Daniela;Conselice, Christopher J.; Gallagher, John S. III; Kinney, Anne L. (August 1999). "The Structure and Morphology of the Ionized Gas in Starburst Galaxies: NGC 5253/5236".The Astronomical Journal.118(2): 797–816.arXiv:astro-ph/9904428.Bibcode:1999AJ....118..797C.doi:10.1086/300972.S2CID16296827.
  11. ^de Vaucouleurs, Gérard (April 1963). "Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies".Astrophysical Journal Supplement.8:31.Bibcode:1963ApJS....8...31D.doi:10.1086/190084.
  12. ^Thim, Frank; et al. (June 2003), "The Cepheid Distance to NGC 5236 (M83) with the ESO Very Large Telescope",The Astrophysical Journal,590(1): 256–270,arXiv:astro-ph/0303101,Bibcode:2003ApJ...590..256T,doi:10.1086/374888,S2CID121984029
  13. ^Silva-Villa, E.; Larsen, S. S. (January 2012). "The relation between surface star formation rate density and spiral arms in NGC 5236 (M 83)".Astronomy & Astrophysics.537:9.arXiv:1111.1249.Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.145S.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117432.S2CID119295019.A145.
  14. ^"Stellar Birth in the Galactic Wilderness".16 April 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2016.Retrieved15 December2018.
  15. ^Dong, Hui; et al. (July 2008). "Spitzer Observations of Star Formation in the Extreme Outer Disk of M83 (NGC5236)".The Astronomical Journal.136(1): 479–497.arXiv:0804.3632.Bibcode:2008AJ....136..479D.doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/479.S2CID119189782.
  16. ^Transient Name Server entry for SN 1923A.Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  17. ^Transient Name Server entry for SN 1945B.Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  18. ^Transient Name Server entry for SN 1950B.Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  19. ^Transient Name Server entry for SN 1957D.Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  20. ^Romaniello, Martino; Patat, Ferdinando; Panagia, Nino; Sparks, William B.; Gilmozzi, Roberto; Spyromilio, Jason (August 2005), "Very Large Telescope FORS1 Imaging Polarimetry of M83 (NGC 5236). I. Search for Light Echoes from Historical Supernovae",The Astrophysical Journal,629(1): 250–258,arXiv:astro-ph/0505100,Bibcode:2005ApJ...629..250R,doi:10.1086/431470,S2CID118978264
  21. ^Transient Name Server entry for SN 1968L.Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  22. ^Transient Name Server entry for SN 1983N.Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  23. ^Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. (2002)."New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group".Astronomy and Astrophysics.385(1): 21–31.Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042.
  24. ^R. B. Tully (1988).Nearby Galaxies Catalog.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-35299-4.
  25. ^Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members".Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement.93:211–233.Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.
  26. ^Garcia, A. (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups".Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement.100:47–90.Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
  27. ^Karachentsev, I. D. (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups".Astronomical Journal.129(1): 178–188.arXiv:astro-ph/0410065.Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K.doi:10.1086/426368.S2CID119385141.
  1. ^Its declination means every day it passes the zenith of the sky at the matching parallel of the earth, which is that of northern Argentina. It can be viewed more than an ideal 15° above the horizon for a further 75° to the north, placing such a northern limit of good observation at the45th parallel north

External links[edit]

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