Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
There are 81 provinces inTurkey(Turkish:il). Among the81 provinces,30 provinces are designatedmetropolitan municipalities[1](Turkish:büyükşehir belediyeleri). Metropolitan municipalities are subdivided into districts (Turkish:ilçe), whereeach districtincludes a corresponding district municipality, which is a second tier municipality.[2]
History[edit]
The first metropolitan municipalities were established in 1984.[3]These were the three most populous cities in Turkey, namely;Istanbul,Ankara,andİzmir.In each metropolitan municipality a number of second level municipalities (ilçemunicipality) were established. In 1986, four new metropolitan municipalities were established:Adana,[4]Bursa,[5]Gaziantep[6]andKonya.[7]Two years later the total number was increased to eight with the addition ofKayseri.[8]In 1993, seven new metropolitan municipalities were established:Antalya,Diyarbakır,Erzurum,Eskişehir,Mersin,KocaeliandSamsun.[9]Following theearthquakeof 1999,Sakaryawas also declared a metropolitan municipality.[10]
Before 2004, only the urban centers with populations of more than 750,000 were declared metropolitan centers. However, in 2004, the concept of metropolitan municipality was redefined in Istanbul and Kocaeli, where thenceforth metropolitan municipality borders would overlap with provincial borders. In 2012, this was extended to other metropolitan municipalities.[11]Thus, all provinces with a population in excess of 750,000 were declared metropolitan municipality and accordingly the number of metropolitan municipalities has sharply increased. The following 13 cities became metropolitan municipalities:[11]
With the addition ofOrduin 2013,[12]the total number of the metropolitan municipalities increased to 30.[13]
List of metropolitan areas[edit]
(Dark blue: Those provinces before 2012, light blue those after 2012)
Metropolitan municipalities | Date of establishment | Area (km2) | GDP (billionUS$)[14] | Population (2021)[15] | Number of districts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adana | 05.06.1986 | 13,844 | 15.775 | 2,263,373 | 15 |
Ankara | 23.03.1984 | 25,632 | 74.285 | 5,747,325 | 25 |
Antalya | 09.09.1993 | 20,177 | 23.213 | 2,619,832 | 19 |
Aydın | 06.12.2012 | 8,116 | 7.260 | 1,134,031 | 17 |
Balıkesir | 06.12.2012 | 14,583 | 10.027 | 1,250,610 | 20 |
Bursa | 18.06.1986 | 10,813 | 33.641 | 3,147,818 | 17 |
Denizli | 06.12.2012 | 12,134 | 9.062 | 1,051,056 | 19 |
Diyarbakır | 09.09.1993 | 15,101 | 6.959 | 1,791,373 | 17 |
Erzurum | 09.09.1993 | 25,006 | 3.918 | 756,893 | 20 |
Eskişehir | 09.09.1993 | 13,960 | 9.078 | 898,369 | 14 |
Gaziantep | 20.06.1986 | 6,830 | 16.545 | 2,130,432 | 9 |
Hatay | 06.12.2012 | 5,524 | 11.298 | 1,670,712 | 15 |
Mersin[Note 1] | 09.09.1993 | 15,010 | 15.562 | 1,891,145 | 13 |
İstanbul | 23.03.1984 | 5,343 | 245.207 | 15,840,000 | 39 |
İzmir | 23.03.1984 | 11,891 | 51.460 | 4,425,789 | 30 |
Kayseri | 07.12.1988 | 16,970 | 11.956 | 1,434,357 | 16 |
Kocaeli[Note 2] | 09.09.1993 | 3,397 | 34.442 | 2,033,441 | 12 |
Konya | 20.06.1986 | 40,838 | 16.616 | 2,277,017 | 31 |
Malatya | 06.12.2012 | 12,259 | 4.324 | 808,692 | 13 |
Manisa | 06.12.2012 | 13,339 | 13.633 | 1,456,626 | 17 |
Kahramanmaraş | 06.12.2012 | 14,520 | 7.015 | 1,171,298 | 11 |
Mardin | 06.12.2012 | 8,780 | 4.737 | 862,757 | 10 |
Muğla | 06.12.2012 | 12,654 | 9.444 | 1,021,141 | 13 |
Ordu | 14.03.2013 | 5,914 | 3.685 | 760,872 | 19 |
Sakarya[Note 3] | 06.03.2000 | 4,824 | 9.102 | 1,060,876 | 16 |
Samsun | 09.09.1993 | 9,725 | 8.332 | 1,371,274 | 17 |
Tekirdağ | 06.12.2012 | 6,190 | 16.225 | 1,113,400 | 11 |
Trabzon | 06.12.2012 | 4,628 | 4.897 | 816,686 | 18 |
Şanlıurfa | 06.12.2012 | 19,242 | 6.413 | 2,143,020 | 13 |
Van | 06.12.2012 | 20,921 | 3.544 | 1,141,015 | 13 |
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783,562 | 807.143 | 66,092,128 | 519 |
Since the total population of Turkey is 83,154,997, the population in the 30 provinces make up 77% of the population of the country.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Statistical Institute page[permanent dead link]
- ^Law act no 5216(in Turkish)
- ^Belleten of legislation(in Turkish)
- ^Art no 3306(in Turkish)
- ^"Art no 3391"(in Turkish). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-03.Retrieved2014-01-31.
- ^"Art no.3398"(in Turkish). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-01-31.Retrieved2014-01-31.
- ^"Art no 3399"(in Turkish). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-03.Retrieved2014-01-31.
- ^"Art no 3508"(in Turkish). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-03.Retrieved2014-01-31.
- ^"Decree no 504"(in Turkish). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-03.Retrieved2014-01-31.
- ^"Art no 593"(in Turkish). Archived fromthe originalon 2014-02-03.Retrieved2014-01-31.
- ^ab"Art no 6360"(in Turkish).
- ^"North-eastern province of Ordu becomes metropolitan municipality".Anadolu Ajansı.14 March 2013.Retrieved2022-04-30.
- ^CNN Turk news(in Turkish)
- ^"Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts".www.turkstat.gov.tr.Retrieved11 May2023.
- ^"2021 Türkiye Nüfusu",biruni.tuik.gov.tr