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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17

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MiG-17
A restored MiG-17
General information
TypeFighter aircraft
National originSoviet Union
ManufacturerMikoyan-Gurevich
StatusIn limited service
Primary usersSoviet Air Forces(historical)
Number built10,649 including Polish, Czech and Chinese variants
History
Introduction dateOctober 1952
First flight14 January 1950
Developed fromMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15
VariantsPZL-Mielec Lim-6
Shenyang J-5
Developed intoMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19

TheMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17(‹See Tfd›Russian:Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-17;NATO reporting name:Fresco)[1]is a high-subsonicfighter aircraftproduced in the Soviet Union from 1952 and was operated by air forces internationally. The MiG-17 was license-built inChinaas theShenyang J-5andPolandas thePZL-Mielec Lim-6.The MiG-17 is still being used by theNorth Koreanair force in the present day and has seen combat in theMiddle EastandAsia.

The MiG-17 was an advanced modification of theMiG-15aircraft produced by theSoviet Unionduring theKorean War.Production of the MiG-17 was too late for use in that conflict and was first used in theSecond Taiwan Strait Crisisin 1958. While the MiG-17 was designed to shoot down slower American bombers, it showed surprising success when used by North Vietnamese pilots to combat American fighters and fighter-bombers during theVietnam War,nearly a decade after its initial design. This was due to the MiG-17 being more agile and maneuverable than the AmericanF-4 PhantomandF-105 Thunderchief,which were focused on speed and long range combat, as well as the fact that MiG-17 was armed with guns, which initial models of the F-4 Phantom lacked.

Design and development

[edit]

While the MiG-15bis introduced swept wings to air combat over Korea, the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau had already begun work on its replacement in 1949 (originally the MiG-15bis45) in order to fix any problems found with the MiG-15 in combat.[2]The result was one of the most successful transonic fighters introduced before the advent of true supersonic types such as theMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19andNorth American F-100 Super Sabre.The design would ultimately still prove effective into the 1960s when pressed into subsonic dogfights over Vietnam against much faster planes that were not optimized for maneuvering in such slower speed, short-range engagements.

While the MiG-15 used a Mach sensor to deploy airbrakes because it could not safely exceed Mach 0.92, the MiG-17 was designed to be controllable at higher Mach numbers.[3]Early versions that retained the original Soviet copy of theRolls-Royce Neneengine, theKlimov VK-1,were heavier with equal thrust. Later MiG-17s would be the first Soviet fighter application of anafterburner,which burned extra fuel in the exhaust of the basic engine to give extra thrust at a high efficiency cost.

Though the MiG-17 looks very similar to the MiG-15, it had a new thinner and more highlyswept wingand tailplane for speeds approaching Mach 1. While theF-86introduced the"all-flying" tailplane,which made the aircraft more controllable near the speed of sound, this feature would not be adopted on MiG aircraft until the fully supersonic MiG-19.[4]The wing sweep was 45° (like the U.S. F-100 Super Sabre) near the fuselage and 42° for the outboard part of the wing.[5]The stiffer wing resisted the tendency to bend its wingtips and lose aerodynamic symmetry unexpectedly at high speeds and wing loads.[2]

Other easily visible differences to its predecessor were the addition of a thirdwing fenceon each wing, the addition of a ventral fin and a longer and less tapered rear fuselage that added about one meter in length. The MiG-17 shared the sameKlimov VK-1engine, and much of the rest of its construction such as the forward fuselage, landing gear and gun installation was carried over.[5]The first prototype, designated I-330 "SI"by the construction bureau, was flown on the 14 January 1950, piloted by Ivan Ivashchenko.[6]

MiG-17 at theAviation Museum of Central FinlandinJyväskylä.The paintscheme is from 2006 and is based on the idea of Luonetjärvi primary school student Anni Lundahl.
ANorth VietnameseMiG-17 on display at theMighty Eighth Air Force Museum.
Tail section showing insignia; camouflaged MiG-17s were often referred to as "snakes" by VPAF pilots.[7]

In the midst of testing, pilot Ivan Ivashchenko was killed when his aircraft developed flutter, which tore off his horizontal tail, causing a spin and crash on 17 March 1950. Lack of wing stiffness also resulted in aileron reversal which was discovered and fixed. Construction and tests of additional prototypes "SI-2"and experimental series aircraft"SI-02"and"SI-01"in 1951, were generally successful. On 1 September 1951, the aircraft was accepted for production, and formally given its own MiG-17 designation after so many changes from the original MiG-15. It was estimated that with the same engine as the MiG-15's, the MiG-17's maximum speed is higher by 40–50 km/h, and the fighter has greater maneuverability at high altitude.[6]

Serial production started in August 1951, but large quantity production was delayed in favor of producing more MiG-15s so it was never introduced in the Korean War. It did not enter service until October 1952, when the MiG-19 was almost ready to be flight tested. During production, the aircraft was improved and modified several times. The basic MiG-17 was a general-purpose day fighter, armed with threecannons,one Nudelman N-37 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm with 80 rounds per gun, 160 rounds total. It could also act as afighter-bomber,but itsbombloadwas considered light relative to other aircraft of the time, and it usually carried additional fuel tanks instead of bombs.

Although a canopy that provided clear vision to the rear—necessary for dogfighting, like the F-86—was designed, production MiG-17Fs got a cheaper rear-view periscope, which would still appear on Soviet fighters as late as theMiG-23.By 1953, pilots got safer ejection seats with protective face curtains and leg restraints like theMartin-Baker seatsin the West. The MiG-15 had suffered for its lack of aradar gunsight,but in 1951, Soviet engineers obtained a capturedF-86 Sabrefrom Korea, and copied the optical gunsight and SRD-3 gun ranging radar to produce the ASP-4N gunsight and SRC-3 radar. The combination would prove deadly over the skies of Vietnam against aircraft such as the F-4 Phantom, whose pilots lamented that guns and radar gunsights had been omitted as obsolescent.[2]

The second prototype variant, "SP-2" (dubbed "Fresco A" by NATO), was aninterceptorequipped with aradar.Soon a number of MiG-17P ( "Fresco B" ) all-weather fighters were produced with theRP-1 Izumrudradar and front air intake modifications.

In early 1953 the MiG-17F day fighter entered production. The "F" indicated it was fitted with the VK-1F engine with anafterburnerby modifying the rear fuselage with a new convergent-divergent nozzle and fuel system. Early VK-1F engines that were specifically modified to equip the MIG-17F had issues during prolonged normal afterburner usage, due to the insufficient heat resistance of the alloys used for the external nozzle body and stator vanes. Because of this, early 1953-1955 production planes had a special afterburner unit that used a separate tank filled with 90%ethanolfor consumption in the afterburner due to its lower combustion temperature. This engine variant was labeled VK-1F(A). Later production jets used a normal system with on-board fuel. The afterburner doubled the rate of climb and greatly improved vertical maneuvers. But while the plane was not designed to be supersonic, skilled pilots could just dash to supersonic speed in a shallow dive, although the aircraft would often pitch up just short of Mach 1. This became the most popular variant of the MiG-17. The next mass-produced variant, MiG-17PF ( "Fresco D" ) incorporated a more powerful Izumrud RP-2 radar, though they were still dependent on Ground Control Interception to find and be directed to targets. In 1956 a small series (47 aircraft) was converted to the MiG-17PM standard (also known asPFU) with four first-generationKaliningrad K-5(NATO reporting nameAA-1 'Alkali')air-to-air missiles.A small series of MiG-17R reconnaissance aircraft were built with VK-1F engine (after first being tested with theVK-5Fengine).

5,467 MiG-17, 1,685 MiG-17F, 225 MiG-17P and 668 MiG-17PF were built in the USSR by 1958. Over 2,600 were built under licence in Poland and China.

License production

[edit]
MiG-17F on display at theHiller Aviation Museumin San Carlos, California
Lim-5 inPolish Air Forcemarkings
A privately owned JJ-5 (MiG-17) atJeffCo Airport
Main articles:PZL-Mielec Lim-6andShenyang J-5

In 1955,Polandreceived a license for MiG-17 production. The MiG-17F was produced by theWSK-Mielecfactory under the designationLim-5(an abbreviation oflicencyjny myśliwiec– license-built fighter). The first Lim-5 was built on 28 November 1956 and 477 were built by 1960. Apart from Poland, a number were exported to Bulgaria, designated as MiG-17F.[8]An unknown number were built as the Lim-5Rreconnaissancevariant, fitted with the AFA-39 camera. In 1959–1960, 129 MiG-17PF interceptors were produced as the Lim-5P. WSK-Mielec also developed several Polishstrikevariants based on the MiG-17: theLim-5M,produced from 1960;Lim-6bis,produced from 1963 (totaling 170 aircraft). Additionally some Lim-5Ps were converted in the 1970s into attack Lim-6Ms whereas other Lim-5, Lim-6bis and Lim-5P aircraft were modified for reconnaissance role as the Lim-6R, Lim-6bis R and Lim-6MR.

In thePeople's Republic of China(PRC), an initial MiG-17F was assembled from parts in 1956, with license production following in 1957 atShenyang.The Chinese-built version is known as theShenyang J-5(for local use) or F-5 (for export). Similarly the MiG-17PF was manufactured there as the J-5A (F-5A for export). Altogether 767 of these single-seater variants were built.

Operational history

[edit]
An Egyptian MiG-17

MiG-17s were designed to intercept straight-and-level-flying enemy bombers, not forair-to-air combat(dogfighting) with other fighters.[9]This subsonic (Mach.93) fighter was effective against slower (Mach.6-.8), heavily loaded U.S. fighter-bombers, as well as the mainstay American strategic bombers during the MiG-17's development cycle (such as theBoeing B-50 SuperfortressorConvair B-36 Peacemaker,which were both still powered by piston engines). It was not however able to intercept the new generation of British jet bombers such as theAvro VulcanandHandley Page Victor,which could both fly higher. The USAF's introduction of strategic bombers capable of supersonic dash speeds such as theConvair B-58 HustlerandGeneral Dynamics FB-111rendered the MiG-17 obsolete in front-linePVOservice, and they were supplanted by supersonic interceptors such as theMiG-21and MiG-23.

MiG-17s were not available for the Korean War, but saw combat for the first time over the Straits of Taiwan when the Communist PRC MiG-17s clashed with theRepublic of China(ROC, Nationalist China) F-86 Sabres in 1958.

MiG-17s downed a spy aircraft in the1958 C-130 shootdown incidentover Armenia, with 17 casualties.[10]

Vietnam War

[edit]

In 1960, the first group of approximately 50 North Vietnamese airmen were transferred to the PRC to begin transitional training onto the MiG-17. By this time the first detachment of Chinese trained MiG-15 pilots had returned to North Vietnam, and a group of 31 airmen were deployed to theVietnam People's Air Force(VPAF) base at Son Dong for conversion to the MiG-17. By 1962 the first North Vietnamese pilots had finished their MiG-17 courses in theSoviet Unionand the PRC, and returned to their units; to mark the occasion, the Soviets sent as a "gift" 36 MiG-17 fighters and MiG-15UTI trainers to Hanoi in February 1964. These airmen would create North Vietnam's first jet fighter regiment, the 921st.[11]By 1965, another group of MiG pilots had returned from training inKrasnodar,in the USSR, as well as from the PRC. This group would form North Vietnam's second fighter unit, the 923rd Fighter Regiment. While the newly created 923rd FR operated only MiG-17s, and initially these were the only types available to oppose modern American supersonic jets before MiG-21s and MiG-19s were introduced into North Vietnamese service (the 925 FR regiment was formed in 1969, flying MiG-19s).[12]

AnF-105Dshoots down a MiG-17 during the Vietnam War, 1967.

American fighter-bombers had been in theatre flying combat sorties since 1961,[13]and the U.S. had many experienced pilots from the Korean War andWorld War II,such as World War II veteranRobin Olds.[14][15]Untried MiGs and pilots of the VPAF would be pitted against some of the most combat experienced airmen of theU.S. Air Force(USAF) andU.S. Navy.On 3 April 1965 six MiGs took off fromNoi Bai Air Basein two groups of two and four respectively, with the first acting as bait and the second being the shooters. Their target were U.S. Navy aircraft supporting an USAF 80-aircraft strike package trying to knock out theThanh Hóa Bridge.The MiG-17 leader, Lt. Pham Ngoc Lan, attacked a group ofVought F-8 CrusadersofVF-211fromUSSHancockand damaged an F-8E flown by Lt. Cdr. Spence Thomas, who managed to land the aircraft atDa Nang Air Base.A second F-8 was claimed by his wingman Phan Van Tuc, but this is not corroborated by USN loss listings.[16]

On 4 April 1965, the USAF made another attempt on the Thanh Hóa Bridge with 48Republic F-105 Thunderchiefsof the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) loaded with 384 x 750 lb (340 kg) bombs. The Thunderchiefs were escorted by aMIGCAPflight ofF-100 Super Sabresfrom the416th Tactical Fighter Squadron(416th TFS). Coming from above, four MiG-17s from the 921st Fighter Regiment bypassed the escorts and dove onto the Thunderchiefs, shooting two of them down; the leader Tran Hanh downed F-105D BuNo.59-1754of Major F. E. Benett, and his element leader Le Minh Huan downed F-105D BuNo.59-1764of Captain J. A. Magnusson.[17][18]The Super Sabres engaged; one AIM-9 Sidewinder was fired and missed (or malfunctioned),[19]and another F-100D flown by Captain Donald Kilgus fired 20 mm cannons,[20]scoring a probable kill. Tran Hanh's wingman Pham Giay went down and was killed.[21]No other U.S. airmen reported any confirmed aerial kills during the air battle; Tran Hanh stated that three of his accompanying MiG-17s had been shot down by the opposing USAF fighters.[22]

Three F-100s from the MiGCAP, piloted by LtCol Emmett L. Hays, Capt Keith B. Connolly,[19]and Capt Donald W. Kilgus, all from the 416th TFS, had engaged the MiG-17s.[23]The four attacking MiGs from the 921st FR were flown by Flight Leader Tran Hanh, Wingman Pham Giay, Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam.[24]Flight Leader Tran Hanh was the only Vietnamese survivor from the air battle and believed that the others in his flight were "... shot down by the F-105s."[22]Based upon the report, the USAF F-100s could have been mistaken for F-105s, and the loss of three MiG-17s was attributed to Super Sabres,[17]the first aerial victories of any American aircraft in the war. The F-100s themselves would never again encounter MiGs, being relegated toclose air support.They were replaced in the MiGCAP role by faster and longer range but less manoeuvrableMcDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantoms.

USAF Chief of Staff GeneralJohn P. McConnellwas "hopping mad" to hear that two Mach-2-class F-105s had been shot down by Korean War-era subsonic North Vietnamese MiG-17s.[25]

In 1965, the NVAF had only 36 MiG-17s and a similar number of qualified pilots, which increased to 180 MiGs and 72 pilots by 1968. The Americans had at least 200 USAF F-4s and 140 USAF F-105s, plus at least 100 U.S. Navy aircraft (F-8s, A-4s and F-4s) which operated from the aircraft carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin, plus scores of other support aircraft. The Americans had a multiple numerical advantage.[26]

The MiG-17 was the primary interceptor of the fledgling VPAF in 1965, responsible for their first aerial victories and seeing extensive service during the Vietnam War. Some North Vietnamese pilots preferred the MiG-17 over the MiG-21 because it was more agile, though not as fast; three of the 16 VPAFAcesof the war (credited with shooting down five or more opposing aircraft) were from MiG-17s. Those were:Nguyen Van Bay(seven victories), Luu Huy Chao and Le Hai (both with six).[27]The rest gained ace status in MiG-21s.

MiG-17/J-5 aerial combat victories in the Vietnam War 1965–1972

[edit]

This table lists VPAF[28]and Chinese air-to-air kills. Sources include Hobson p. 271 and Toperczer (#25) pp. 88–90.

Date/year MiG-17 unit Aircraft weapon used Aircraft destroyed Destroyed aircraft unit/comments
4/4/1965 VPAF 921st Fighter Regiment 23 mm/37 mm (2) Republic F-105 Thunderchiefs USAF354th Tactical Fighter Squadron
4/9/1965 Unknown 23 mm/37 mm F-4B Phantom II VF-96/Downed by Chinese MiGs
6/20/1965 Unknown 23 mm/37 mm F-4C USAF45th TFS
4/12/1966 Unknown 23 mm/37 mm KA-3BSkywarrior USNVAH-4Aerial Re-Fueller (Air Tanker)/Downed by Chinese MiGs
4/19/1966 Unknown 23 mm/37 mm A-1E Skyraider USAF602nd Air Commando Squadron
6/21/1966 923rd Fighter Regiment 23 mm/37 mm Vought F-8E Crusader[29] USN VF-211
1966 923rd FR 23 mm/37 mm (4) F-105Ds, (2) F-8Es, (2) F-4Cs, (1) RC-47D USAF355th Tactical Fighter Wing,354th TFS,421st TFS,433rd TFS,555th TFS,606th ACS. USNVF-111,VF-162.(3) F-105s and (2) F-4s were downed by unknown MiG units.
4/19/1967 921st FR 23 mm/37 mm F-105F USAF 357th TFS
1967 923rd FR 23 mm/37 mm (1) A-1E, (3) F-4Cs, (1)A-4C Skyhawk,(1) F-4D USAF390th TFS,433rd TFS,602nd ACS; USN VA-76. F-4D downed by unknown MiG unit. (1) F-4C downed by Chinese MiGs.
1968 Unknown 23 mm/37 mm (2) F-4Ds, (1) F-105F USAF357th TFS,435th TFS
2/14/1968 Unknown 23 mm/37 mm A-1H USNVA-25/Downed by Chinese MiG
7/10/1972 923rd FR 23 mm/37 mm F-4J USNVF-103
Total other: 6
Total F-4s 11
Total F-8s 3
F-105s 8
Total aircraft downed: 28
Technical data: The VPAF made no distinction between their MiG-17s and J-5s.[30]Both mounted two 23 mm and one 37 mm cannons with enough ammunition for 5 seconds of continuous firing for all three guns. However the MiG-17 guns at a range of 1,500 m (5,000 ft) and with a two-second burst could strike an American jet with nearly 23 kg (50 lb) of metal. This contrasted to a two-second burst from USM61 VulcanandColt Mk 12 cannon20 mm cannons which hit with an approximate 27 and 16 kg (60 and 35 lb) of metal respectively.[31]
Luu Huy ChaoandLe Hai,VPAFMIG 17 pilots, each credited with six aerial combat victories against U.S. planes in the skies over North Vietnam.

VPAF flew their interceptors with guidance from ground controllers, who directed the MiGs to ambush American formations. The MIGs made fast attacks against US formations from several directions (usually the MiG-17s performed head-on attacks and the MiG-21s attacked from the rear). After shooting down a few American planes and forcing some of the F-105s to drop their bombs prematurely, the MiGs did not wait for retaliation, but disengaged rapidly. This "guerrilla warfarein the air "proved very successful[32]

The MiG-17 was not originally designed to function as a fighter-bomber, but in 1971 Hanoi directed that United States Navy warships were to be attacked by elements of the VPAF. This would require the MiG-17 to be fitted with bomb mountings and release mechanisms. Chief Engineer of the VPAF ground crews, Truong Khanh Chau,[33]was tasked with the mission of modifying two MiG-17s for the ground attack role; after three months of work, the two jets were ready. On 19 April 1972, two pilots from the 923rd FR took their bomb laden MiG-17s and attacked the U.S. NavydestroyerUSSHigbeeandlight cruiserUSSOklahoma City.Each MiG was armed with two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs. Pilot Le Xuan Di managed to hit the destroyer's aft 5 "(127 mm) gun mount, destroying it, but inflicting no fatalities, as the crewmen had vacated the turret earlier due to a malfunction with the gun system.[34]

From 1965 to 1972, MiG-17s from the VPAF 921st and 923rd FRs would claim 71 aerial victories against U.S. aircraft: 11 Crusaders, 16 F-105 Thunderchiefs, 32 F-4 Phantom IIs, two A-4 Skyhawks, seven A-1 Skyraiders, oneC-47cargo/transport aircraft, oneSikorsky CH-3C helicopter and oneRyan FirebeeUAV.,[35]while VPAF lost 63 MiG-17s in air combat[36]According to Russian sources, from 1965 to 1972, MiG-17s from the VPAF shot-down 143 enemy aircraft and helicopters, while VPAF lost 75 MiG-17s through all causes and 49 pilots were killed[37]

The American fighter community was shocked in 1965 when elderly, subsonic MiG-17s downed sophisticatedMach-2-class F-105 Thunderchief fighter-bombers over North Vietnam. As a result of these experiences the U.S. Air Force initiated project "Feather Duster" aimed at developing tactics that would enable the heavier American fighters to deal with smaller and more agile opponents like the MiG-17. To simulate the MiG-17 the U.S. Air Force chose the F-86H Sabre. One pilot who participated in the project remarked that "In any envelope except nose down and full throttle", either the F-100 or F-105 was inferior to the F-86H in a dogfight.[38][39]The project was generally successful in that the resulting tactics effectively minimized the disadvantages of the F-105, F-100 and other heavy American fighters while minimising the advantages of slower but more manoeuvrable fighters such as the F-86 and the MiG-17.[39]

Other MiG-17 users

[edit]
East German MiG-17F.

Twenty countries flew MiG-17s. The MiG-17 became a standard fighter in allWarsaw Pactcountries in the late 1950s and early 1960s. They were also bought by many other countries, mainly in Africa and Asia, that were neutrally aligned or allied with the USSR. The MiG-17 still flies today in the air forces of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Mali, Madagascar, Sudan, and Tanzania, and by extension through the Shenyang J-5, North Korea. JJ-5s trainers are still in limited use in China as well.

Middle East

[edit]
A Syrian MiG-17 inBetzetat a landing strip in 1968. The aircraft was sent to be evaluated atHave Drill.

TheEgyptian Air Forcereceived its first MiG-17s in 1956, deploying them against the Israeli invasion of theSinaiduring the early stages of theSuez Crisis.When Britain and France launched air attacks against Egyptian air bases on 1 November 1956, Egyptian presidentGamal Abdel Nasserordered the Egyptian Air Force not to oppose the Anglo-French air strikes, and where possible to evacuate its aircraft toSyriaor Saudi Arabia, so while Egypt lost large numbers of aircraft, including MiG-17s, losses of pilots were relatively low. The losses were quickly replaced after the end of the war, and by June 1957 Egypt had about 100 MiG-17s.[40][41]Syria also operated the MiG-17, receiving 60 MiG-17Fs in 1957.[41]The two air forces gradually switched the MiG-17 to ground-attack duties in the early 1960s, as the MiG-21 supplanted it in the interceptor role.[41]From 1962, Egyptian forces became involved in theNorth Yemen Civil War,supporting therepublicangovernment, with Egyptian MiG-17s flying ground attack operations.[42]

The MiG-17 formed a major part of the Arab air strength during theSix-Day Warin June 1967.[43][44]The war started with amassive airstrikeby Israel against Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian and Iraqi airbases, with more than 150 Egyptian aircraft destroyed or damaged. Egypt's surviving MiG-17s were heavily deployed in ground attacks against Israeli forces in the Sinai.[43][45]The Soviet Union again replaced Egypt's losses after the war, and Egypt was soon involved in theWar of Attrition,a sustained series of armed clashes on and over Sinai, with Egypt's MiG-17s continuing to be used in the ground attack role. While the MiG-17 was slower and shorter-ranged than theSukhoi Su-7that was the other main component of Egypt's ground-attack forces, the MiG-17 was more manoeuvrable and sustained lower losses.[46]From 1970, Egypt deployed detachments of MiG-17s to Sudan to support government forces during theFirst Sudanese Civil War.[47]The MiG-17 continued in use in theYom Kippur War.MiG-17s were used during theOfira Air Battleby Egypt. Egyptian and Syrian Mig-17s retired shortly after these wars.

Africa

[edit]

At least 24 of them served with theNigerian Air Forceand were flown by a mixed group of Nigerian andmercenarypilots from East Germany, Soviet Union, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Australia during the 1967–70Nigerian Civil War.

Asia

[edit]

Four were hurriedly supplied by the USSR toSri Lankaduring the1971 insurgencyand were used for bombing and ground attack in the brief insurgency.

Soviet Union

[edit]

In 1958, a US Air Force Lockheed C-130was shot downby four MiG-17 fighters when it flew into Soviet airspace nearYerevan, Armeniawhile on aSun ValleySignal intelligencemission, with all 17 crew killed.

United States

[edit]
Two 64th Fighter Weapons Squadron F-5s with a 4477th TEF MiG-17 (leading) and MiG-21 (trailing) in 1979. Note theTactical Air Commandbadge applied to the vertical fin of the MiG-21 on the right.

A number of U.S. federal agencies undertook a program atGroom Laketo evaluate the MiG-17 to help fight the Vietnam War, as the kill ratio against North Vietnamese MiG-17s and MiG-21s was only 2:1. The program was code-namedHAVE DRILL(see alsoHave Doughnut), involving trials of two ex-SyrianMiG-17F Frescos, acquired and provided by Israel, over the skies of Groom Lake.[48]These aircraft were given USAF designations and fake serial numbers so that they may be identified in DOD standard flight logs.

In addition to tracking the dog fights staged between the various MiG models against virtually every fighter in U.S. service, and against SAC's B-52 Stratofortresses and B-58 Hustlers to test the ability of the bombers’ countermeasures systems, they also performed radar cross-section and propulsion tests that contributed greatly to improvements in U.S. aerial performance in Vietnam.

Four privately owned MiG-17s flying in formation at EAA AirVenture 2024

According to theFederal Aviation Administration,there are 17 privately owned MiG-17s in the US.[49]Several MiG-17s have been seized due to questions over the legality of their import into the country.[50]

Variants

[edit]
A Hungarian MiG-17PF "Fresco D" all-weather fighter with Izumrud radar.
I-330 (SamoletSI)
Prototype.[51]
MiG-17 (SamoletSI, "Fresco A" )
Basic fighter version powered by VK-1 engine.[51]
SamoletSI-10
Single MiG-17 modified with newFowler flaps,leading-edge slats,and other improvements to enhance handling.[51]
SamoletSI-16
Testbed for the 57 mmN-57autocannon.[51]
SamoletSI-19
Testbed for theTRS-190rocket on modified APU-4 pylons.[51]
MiG-17A
Fighter version powered by VK-1A engine with longer lifespan.
MiG-17AS
Multirole conversion, fitted to carry unguided rockets and the K-13 air-to-air missile.
SamoletSP-2
Experimental variant with an afterburning VK-1F engine and aKorshuninterception radar.[51]
MiG-17P (SamoletSP-7, "Fresco B" )
All-weather fighter version equipped with Izumrud radar. 225 built.[51]
MiG-17F (SamoletSF, "Fresco C" )
Basic fighter version powered by VK-1F engine with afterburner. 1,685 built.[51]
I-340 (SamoletSM-1)
Experimental twin-engined variant powered by twoMikulin AM-5engines. Developed into theMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19.[51]
MiG-17F (SamoletSR-2)
Reconnaissance variant of the similarly-designated MiG-17F fighter. Sometimes mistakenly referred to asMiG-17R.[51]
MiG-17PF (SamoletSP-7F, "Fresco D" )
All-weather fighter version equipped with Izumrud radar, 3 x 23 mm NR-23 cannons and VK-1F engine. 668 built.[51]
MiG-17PM/PFU (SamoletSP-6, "Fresco E" )
Fighter version equipped with radar andK-5(NATO: AA-1 "Alkali" ) air-to-air missiles.[51]
SamoletSP-8
Testbed for theSRD-3Gradradar.[51]
SamoletSP-9
Testbed for the RP-2UIzumrudradar and theK-5Mmissile.[51]
SamoletSP-10
MiG-17PF converted to a testbed for a pair of unidentified 23 mm guns and theARS-57rocket.[51]
SamoletSN
Experimental variant with twin side intakes, no central intake, and nose redesigned to allow 23 mm cannons to pivot to engage ground targets.[51]
M-17
TargetUAV,converting program for MiG-17 withservice lifeat its end (1968).[52]
PZL-Mielec Lim-5
Polish variant of MiG-17
S-104
Czechoslovak variant of MiG-17
Shenyang J-5
Chinese variant of MiG-17

Some withdrawn aircraft were converted to remotely controlled targets.


Operators

[edit]

[53]

A former Indonesian Lim-5 on display in the United States in North Korean markings

Current operators

[edit]
North Korea

Former operators

[edit]
Afghanistan
  • Afghan Air Forcereceived its first MiG-17s in 1957, and operated at least 90.[56]Remained mostly grounded by the end of 1980.[57]
Albania
Algeria
  • Algerian Air Force– operated 60 MiG-17Fs from the 1960s. Some remained in service as trainers in the late 1980s.[59]
Angola
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
China
Republic of the Congo
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
East German MiG-17
Egypt
Ethiopia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
A restored Hungarian People's Army Air Force MiG-17PF on display inKecskemét
Hungarian People's Republic
Indonesia
Iraq
Madagascar
MiG-17 of the Malagasy Air Force.
Mali
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
North Yemen
Poland
Romania
Somalia
South Yemen
Soviet Union
Sri Lanka
Syria
Syrian MiG-17 at theIsraeli Air Force Museum
Uganda
United States
Soviet MiG-17F in USAF use
  • Formerly used for evaluation in theUnited States Air Force,however in January 2014 a camouflaged example was seen operating near Edwards AFB, possibly as a training vehicle at the USAF Test Pilot School where MiG-15s are routinely operated.
Vietnam

Specifications (MiG-17F)

[edit]
Twin 23 mmNudelman-Rikhter NR-23cannon winched down from the nose of a Polish-built Lim-6 (MiG-17F; a third 37 mmNudelman N-37cannon was also fitted.

Data fromCombat Aircraft since 1945,[84]MiG: Fifty Years of Secret Aircraft Design[85]

General characteristics

  • Crew:1
  • Length:11.264 m (36 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan:9.628 m (31 ft 7 in)
  • Height:3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
  • Wing area:22.6 m2(243 sq ft)
  • Airfoil:root:TsAGI S-12;tip:TsAGI SR-11[86]
  • Empty weight:3,919 kg (8,640 lb)[87]
  • Gross weight:5,340 kg (11,773 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight:6,069 kg (13,380 lb)
  • Powerplant:1 ×Klimov VK-1Fafterburningcentrifugal-flowturbojet engine,26.5 kN (6,000 lbf) thrust dry, 33.8 kN (7,600 lbf) with afterburner

Performance

  • Maximum speed:1,100 km/h (680 mph, 590 kn) M0.89 at sea level
1,145 km/h (711 mph; 618 kn) / M0.93 at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) withreheat
  • Range:2,020 km (1,260 mi, 1,090 nmi) at 12,000 m (39,000 ft) with 2 × 400 L (110 US gal; 88 imp gal) drop-tanks
  • Service ceiling:16,600 m (54,500 ft)
  • g limits:+8
  • Rate of climb:65 m/s (12,800 ft/min)
  • Wing loading:268.5 kg/m2(55.0 lb/sq ft)
  • Thrust/weight:0.63

Armament

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

[edit]
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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17.
Wikisource has several original texts related to Audio recordings and transcripts with comments of actual Wild Weasel missions flown during the Vietnam War, including air combat with MiG-17s..
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