Yazılı, Han

Yazılı
Yazılı
Neighbourhood
	Street in Yazılı village
	Yazılı Location in Turkey Yazılı Yazılı (Turkey Central Anatolia)
	Coordinates:39°12′N30°43′E/ 39.200°N 30.717°E
Country	Turkey
Province	Eskişehir
District	Han
Population (2022)	45
Time zone	UTC+3(TRT)
Area code	0222

Yazılı(also:Yazılıkaya,lit. 'inscribed rock'),Phrygian Yazılıkaya,orMidas Kenti(Midas city) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district ofAlpu,Eskişehir Province,Turkey.^[1]Its population is 45 (2022).^[2]It is located about 27 km south ofSeyitgazi,66 km south ofEskişehir,and 51 km north ofAfyonkarahisar.It is known for itsPhrygianarchaeological remains and inscription mentioningMidas.

The ancient remains consist of a settlement, sometimesMidas Cityand a number of rock-cut reliefs, of which the most famous is theMidas Monument,formerly identified as the tomb of Midas.^[3]^[4]There are two other rock-cut reliefs, known as the Unfinished monument and the Hyacinth monuments.^[4]

The Midas Monument

The most prominent feature of the site is the Midas Monument, a high rock-cut facade in the cliff face of the citadel.^[5]The relief takes the form of apedimentedtemple front withacroteria,and an abstract geometric design which appears to imitate theterra cottafacings of buildings. There is a niche at the bottom center, with walls bearing graffiti that readMATAR(Mother,i.e.the goddessCybele) and it probably held a statue of Cybele.^[6]

Part of the inscription on the side, readingΒΑΒΑ: ΜΕΜΕϜΑΙΣ: ΠΡΟΙΤΑϜΟΣ: ΚΦΙJΑΝΑϜΕJΟΣ: ΣΙΚΕΝΕΜΑΝ: ΕΔΑΕΣ'Baba, advisor, leader from Tyana, dedicated this niche'.^[7]^[8]

The Midas inscription over thecornice,readingATES... MIDAI LAVAGTAEI VANAKTEI EDAES'Ates.... has dedicated [this monument] to Midas, leader of the people and ruler'.^[9]^[10]

The monument carries a dedication inOld Phrygianby Ates son of Arkias to Midas.^[6]^[11]The inscription mentions Midas with his titles:MIDAI LAVAGTAEI VANAKTEI,probably meaning "leader of the people" and "ruler".^[10]The inscription is:

ATES... MIDAI LAVAGTAEI VANAKTEI EDAES
Ates.... has dedicated (this monument) to Midas, lavagtas andvanax.^[9]

The name Ates, a variant ofAttis,is a prominent name in Phrygia, associated with royalty. The fact that the dedication is made to Midas may indicate that he had received posthumous ruler cult.^[12]

Various indications place the date of the monument's construction in the early to mid seventh century BC, as one of the first in a series of rock cut monuments to be built in western Phrygia. The inscription probably indicates that the monument was erected after the death of Midas in the early seventh century BC. Another inscription, on the right side of the monument includes the letteryodh,which was added to thePhrygian alphabetin the mid-sixth century BC. It shows that the monument was complete before this date, since it was added after the monument was finished. The abstract designs on the facade are stylistically comparable to architectural terracottas of central Anatolia dating from before ca. 600 BC.^[6]^[13]^[14]

Excavation history

The site was excavated by the French Archaeological Institute immediately before and after the Second World War, and also in the 1990s by theEskişehir Museum.^[15]^[16]

Notes

^Mahalle,Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
^"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"(XLS).TÜİK.Retrieved12 July2023.
^William Mitchell Ramsay,1890, cited in Munn, p. 70
^^a ^bRoller, Lynn E. (1999).In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele.University of California Press. p.84-110.ISBN 9780520919686.
^Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In search of god the mother: the cult of Anatolian Cybele.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 102.ISBN 978-0520210240.
^^a ^b ^cMunn, p. 77
^Баюн Л. С., Орёл В. Э.Язык фригийских надписей как исторический источник.InВестник древней истории.1988, № 1. pp. 175-177.
^Orel, Vladimir Ė (1997).The language of Phrygians.Caravan Books. p. 14.ISBN 9780882060897.
^^a ^bWoodard, Roger D. (2008).The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor.Cambridge University Press. p. 78.ISBN 9781139469333.
^^a ^bRoller, Lynn E. (1999).In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele.University of California Press. p.69.ISBN 9780520210240.
^Bienkowski
^Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In search of god the mother: the cult of Anatolian Cybele.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 111.ISBN 978-0520210240.
^Bienkowski
^Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In search of god the mother: the cult of Anatolian Cybele.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. pp. 100–102.ISBN 978-0520210240.
^Midas City,"Digital Gordion", Gordion Archaeological Project, University of Pennsylvania. Includes good images.
^A. Gabriel,Phrygie, Exploration archéologique2,41952; G.H.E. Haspels,Phrygie, Exploration archeologique III, La Cite de Midas, Ceramique et trouvailles

Bibliography

Piotr Bienkowski, Alan Millard,Dictionary of the Ancient Near East,p. 198.
Albert Gabriel,"Au sujet du «Monument de Midas»",Comptes rendus de l'académie des inscriptions94:2:202-208 (1950)
C.H.E. Haspels,The Highlands of Phrygia: Sites and Monuments,1971,ISBN 0691038635.
Mark Henderson Munn,The Mother of the Gods, Athens, And the Tyranny of Asia
William Mitchell Ramsay,"The Rock Necropoleis of Phrygia",Journal of Hellenic Studies3,1882.

External links

Midas Cityat Phrygian Monuments.
Yazilikaya - Midas Sehriat the TAY Project (Archaeological Settlements of Turkey)

[1] Mahalle,Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.

[2] "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"(XLS).TÜİK.Retrieved12 July2023.

[3] William Mitchell Ramsay,1890, cited in Munn, p. 70

[Roller-4] Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele.University of California Press. p.84-110.ISBN 9780520919686.

[5] Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In search of god the mother: the cult of Anatolian Cybele.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 102.ISBN 978-0520210240.

[munn77-6] Munn, p. 77

[7] Баюн Л. С., Орёл В. Э.Язык фригийских надписей как исторический источник.InВестник древней истории.1988, № 1. pp. 175-177.

[8] Orel, Vladimir Ė (1997).The language of Phrygians.Caravan Books. p. 14.ISBN 9780882060897.

[Cambridge_University_Press-9] Woodard, Roger D. (2008).The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor.Cambridge University Press. p. 78.ISBN 9781139469333.

[University_of_California_Press-10] Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele.University of California Press. p.69.ISBN 9780520210240.

[11] Bienkowski

[12] Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In search of god the mother: the cult of Anatolian Cybele.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 111.ISBN 978-0520210240.

[13] Bienkowski

[14] Roller, Lynn E. (1999).In search of god the mother: the cult of Anatolian Cybele.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. pp. 100–102.ISBN 978-0520210240.

[15] Midas City,"Digital Gordion", Gordion Archaeological Project, University of Pennsylvania. Includes good images.

[16] A. Gabriel,Phrygie, Exploration archéologique2,41952; G.H.E. Haspels,Phrygie, Exploration archeologique III, La Cite de Midas, Ceramique et trouvailles

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v t e Phrygian Way
Route Seydiler – Yazılı 140 km (87 mi)	Seydiler Karakaya Alanyurt Selimiye Eskieymir Ayazini Göynüş Valley Demirli Bayramaliler Aslantaş-Yılantaş Döğer Urumkuş Rocks Sarıcaova Gökbahçe Oynaş Gökçegüney Yazılı (Midas City)
Route Yenice Çiftliği – Yazılı 147 km (91 mi)	Yenice Çiftliği Seydiköy Sabuncupınar Fındıkköy Doğluşah Sökmen İnli Yumaklı Lütfiye Sandiközü Salihler Kümbet Çukurca Yazılı (Midas City)
Route Yassıhöyük – Yazılı 220 km (140 mi)	Yassıhöyük (Gordion) Beylikköprü Demirci Mülk Nasrettinhoca Koçaş İstiklalbağı Ballıhisar (Pessinus) Ertuğrulköy Ahiler Balıkdamı Kurtşeyh Buzluca Gülçayır Çandır Ağaçköy Doğanay Beyören Arslanlı Başara Han Ağlarca Yazılı (Midas City)

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Geographic	Pleiades 2