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Milton Santos

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused withNilton Santos,Brazilian footballer.
In thisPortuguese name,the first or maternalfamily nameisAlmeidaand the second or paternal family name isdos Santos.
Milton Santos
Born(1926-05-03)3 May 1926
Brotas de Macaúbas,Bahia,Brazil
Died24 June 2001(2001-06-24)(aged 75)
São Paulo,Brazil
Alma materUniversidade Federal da Bahia,University of Strasbourg
Scientific career
FieldsHuman geography,Critical geography,Urban studies

Milton Almeida dos Santos(May 3, 1926 – June 24, 2001) was a Braziliangeographerand geography scholar who had a degree inlaw.[1]He became known for his pioneering works in several branches ofgeography,notablyurban developmentindeveloping countries.He is considered the father ofcritical geographyin Brazil. Santos was a recipient of theVautrin Lud Prize,often seen as geography's equivalent of the Nobel Prize,[2]and a posthumous recipient of theAnísio Teixeira Award[pt],given every five years byCAPES(the Brazilian agency for the improvement of higher education personnel) to distinguished contributors to research and development in the country.

Biography

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Santos was born inBrotas de Macaúbas,Bahia,Brazilon May 3, 1926.[3]His parents were elementary school teachers who home-schooled him. His Black paternal grandfather had been formerly enslaved. By the time Santos was eight, he was through with his elementary education. From 1934 to 1936, he lived inAlcobaça,where he went to studyFrenchand "good manners".

Santos taught geography and math to fellow high-school students in order to finance hispre-lawinSalvador.[4]He graduated in law from theFederal University of Bahiabut decided not to practice, becoming instead a high-school geography teacher inIlhéus.[5]There, he met and married his first wife Jandira, who gave birth to their son Miltonfilho.Also in Ilhéus, Santos worked on the side as a journalist for theA Tardenewspaper.

Santos studied and taught inEurope,theAmericas,andAfrica.[6]He completed his PhD at the University of Strasbourg in 1958 underJean Tricart.Prior to being exiled by the Brazilianmilitary dictatorship,he was forbidden to leave the country and could do so only after a negotiation between the French ambassador and the government[citation needed].He managed to turn an otherwise painful thirteen-year exile into a successful international career. He lived in Bordeaux and Toulouse, where he met geography student Hélène, who was to become his second wife and give birth to son Rafael. He also taught in Paris at theSorbonne,Toronto and theMIT,where he collaborated withNoam Chomsky.[7]

Santos wrote more than forty books, all told, in several languages. His works became a reference for those interested in understanding geography from a critical point of view (if not necessarily in a negative light), especially by applying concepts of theFrankfurt School.[8]His main concerns were connected on the one hand to city structure, urban networks and urbanisation processes in developing nations; and on the other hand, to theepistemologyof geography (which means, its object and relationship to other sciences, such aseconomicsandethnography). His views about space helped geography transition from a concept of space as a stage for human action to a constraint on human action.[9]

His works include "Por uma Geografia Nova" (For a New Geography) (1978) and "A natureza do espaço" (The Nature of Space) (1996). His work "O espaço dividido" (The Shared Space), in which Santos develops a theory of urban development indeveloping countries,is considered a geography classic.[10][11][12]

In 1994, Santos was awarded theVautrin Lud Prize,the highest prize in geography. The Prize is modelled after theNobel Prizeand colloquially called the Nobel Prize for geography. To date, Santos remains the onlyLatin-Americanscholar to ever win it.[13][14][15]

Santos died inSão Paulo,on June 24, 2001, at age 75,[16]as a result ofprostate cancerdiagnosed about seven years earlier.[17]

On 1 October 2018, search engineGooglecelebrated Milton Santos with aDoodle.[18]

Major works

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  • Santos, M. (1948). O povoamento da Bahia: Suas causas econômicas. Salvador: Imprensa Oficial da Bahia.
  • Santos, M. (1953). Estudos sobre geografia. Salvador: Tipografia Manú.
  • Santos, M. (1960). Marianne em Preto e Branco. Salvador: Livraria Progresso Editora.
  • Santos, M. (1965). A cidade nos países subdesenvolvidos. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.
  • Santos, M. (1974). Geography, Marxism and underdevelopment. Antipode, 6(3), 1–9.
  • Santos, M. (1975). L’espace partagé: Les deux circuits de l’economie urbaine des pays sous- developpes. Paris: M.-Th. Génin, Librairies Techniques.
  • Santos, M. (1979). The shared space: The two circuits of the urban economy in underdeveloped countries. London and New York, Methuen.
  • Santos, M., M. A. de Souza & M. L. Silveira (Eds.), Território: Globalização e fragmentação. São Paulo: Hucitec and ANPUR.
  • Santos, M. (1990). Metrópole corporativa fragmentada: o caso de São Paulo. São Paulo: Nobel.
  • Santos, M. (1990). Espace et Méthode. Paris: Publisud.
  • Santos, M. (1993, 1998). A Urbanização Brasileira. São Paulo: Hucitec.
  • Santos, M. (1994). Por uma economia política da Cidade, São Paulo: Hucitec.
  • Santos, M. (1996a). A Natureza do espaço. Técnica e tempo. Razão e emoção. São Paulo: Hucitec. TRans: (1997) La Nature de l'Espace. Technique et Temp. Raison et Émotion. Paris: L'Harmattan. Trans: (2000) La Naturaleza del Espacio. Técnica y Tiempo. Razón y Emoción. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • Santos, M. (2000a). Por uma outra globalização: Do pensamento único à consciência universal. Rio de Janeiro: Record. Trans. Santos, M. (2017). Toward an other globalization: From the single thought to universal conscience. Translated by L. Melgaço and T. Clarke. Cham: Springer.
  • Santos, M. (2004 [1978, 1990]). Por uma geografia nova. São Paulo: Edusp. Trans: (2021) For a New Geography. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Santos, M., & Silveira, M. L. (2001). O Brasil: Território e sociedade no início do século XXI. Rio de Janeiro: Record.

See also

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References

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  1. ^http://www.miltonsantos.com.br/site/miltonsantos_curriculum.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  2. ^"Goodchild Awarded the" Nobel Prize "of Geography".
  3. ^http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-124a.htmRevista Scripta Nova - University of Barcelona
  4. ^"Milton Santos: Aspectos de sua vida e obra".
  5. ^http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-124a.htmRevista Scripta Nova - University of Barcelona
  6. ^http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-124a.htmRevista Scripta Nova - University of Barcelona
  7. ^"Milton Almeida dos Santos".Museu Afro Brasil.Retrieved21 November2018.
  8. ^http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-124a.htmRevista Scripta Nova - University of Barcelona
  9. ^"Introdução ao pensamento de Milton Santos: reflexões sobre o Trabalho do Geógrafo".
  10. ^"Milton Santos: Aspectos de sua vida e obra".
  11. ^"Mílton Santos".
  12. ^"Universidade reflete sobre legado do geógrafo Milton Santos".Archived fromthe originalon 2017-09-03.Retrieved2012-11-26.
  13. ^"Milton Santos: Aspectos de sua vida e obra".
  14. ^"Mílton Santos".
  15. ^"Universidade reflete sobre legado do geógrafo Milton Santos".Archived fromthe originalon 2017-09-03.Retrieved2012-11-26.
  16. ^"A obra de Milton Santos".GGN(in Portuguese). 22 January 2013.Retrieved3 October2018.
  17. ^"Professor Milton Santos morre de câncer na próstata aos 75 anos".Folha De S. Paulo(in Portuguese). 24 June 2001.Retrieved3 October2018.
  18. ^"Celebrating Milton Santos".Google.2018-10-01.Retrieved2018-10-03.
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