Minamoto no Yoshinaka
Minamoto no Yoshinaka Nguyên nghĩa trọng | |
|---|---|
 Yoshinaka | |
| Born | 1154 |
| Died | 21 February 1184(aged 29–30) |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation | Samurailord |
| Father | Minamoto no Yoshikata |
| Family | Minamoto clan |
Minamoto no Yoshinaka(Nguyên nghĩa trọng,1154 – February 21, 1184),also known asKiso Yoshinaka(Mộc tằng nghĩa trọng),was a Japanesesamurailord mentioned in the epic poemThe Tale of the Heike.A member of theMinamoto clan,he was a cousin and rival of shogunMinamoto no Yoritomoduring theGenpei Warbetween the Minamoto and theTairaclans in the lateHeian period.
Early life
[edit]Yoshinaka was born inMusashi Province.His father, Minamoto no Yoshikata, was killed byMinamoto no Yoshihirain 1155. Yoshihira also sought to kill Yoshinaka who escaped toShinano Province.[1][2]: 11 He was raised by Nakahara no Kanetō, the father of Imai Kanehira, together with hismilk-brotherImai Kanehira,who would later become his best friend and most loyal retainer. Yoshinaka later changed his name from Minamoto to Kiso(Mộc tằng),to reflect theKiso Mountainswhere he was raised.[3]
Genpei War
[edit]
Yoshinaka acceptedPrince Mochihito's call to theMinamotoclan to rise against theTairain 1181. He entered theGenpei Warby raising an army and invadingEchigo Province.He then defeated a Taira force sent to pacify the area.[4]
The Taira army captured the fortress ofHiuchiin 1183.[5]Yoshinaka later that year was confronted by his cousin,Minamoto no Yoritomo,whose army had entered Shinano. They reconciled and resolved to unite against the Taira. Yoshinaka to seal the agreement senthis son Yoshitaka (or Yoshimoto)toKamakuraas a hostage.[2]However, having been shamed by the process, Yoshinaka was now determined to beat Yoritomo toKyoto,defeat the Taira on his own, and take control of the Minamoto clan.
Yoshinaka defeated the army ofTaira no Koremoriat theBattle of Kurikara Passand marched to Kyoto. The Taira retreated out of the capital, taking the childEmperor Antokuwith them. Yoshinaka's army entered the capital with the cloisteredEmperor Go-Shirakawawho issued a mandate for Yoshinaka to join withYukiiyein "destroying Munemori and his army".[4]: 293–294 The emperor also bestowed upon Yoshinaka the title ofAsahiShōgun(Húc tương quân).
Yoshinaka plotted with Yukiie in "setting up a government in their own northern province". Learning Go-Shirakawa had sought help from his cousin Yoritomo, Yoshinaka seized the cloistered emperor and burned his palace. Yoritomo ordered his brothersYoshitsuneandNoriyorito destroy Yoshinaka.[4]: 296
He was subsequently driven out of Kyoto and killed by his cousins at theBattle of AwazuinŌmi Province(present-dayShiga Prefecture) along with Kanehira.[4]: 296–297 With night coming and with many enemy soldiers chasing him, he attempted to find an isolated spot to kill himself. However, the story says that his horse became trapped in a field of partly frozen mud and his enemies were able to approach him and kill him.[3]: 66
Legacy
[edit]
Yoshinaka was buried inŌtsu,in Ōmi; a temple was built in his honor during the laterMuromachi period.Its name, Gichū-ji, has the same twokanjias his given name. Kanehira's grave is also in Otsu, but it is not close to Yoshinaka's. TheEdo periodpoetMatsuo Bashō,pursuant to his last wishes, was buried next to Minamoto no Yoshinaka in Gichū-ji.
Minamoto no Yoshinaka is one of many main characters in theKamakura periodepic,theTale of Heike.The story of Yoshinaka and Kanehira is fairly well known in Japan; it is also the subject of theNohplayKanehira,in which Kanehira's tormented ghost describes his and Yoshinaka's death, and his wish to go to the other side.
In popular media
[edit]- In theFate/Grand Ordertimeline, Minamoto-no-Yoshinaka is the romantic partner ofTomoe Gozen,an Archer-class servant. Yoshinaka is summoned for the first time as a rogue Saber-class servant in the gameFate/Samurai Remnantwhere his backstory aligns with Tomoe's.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Sato, Hiroaki (1995).Legends of the Samurai.Overlook Duckworth. p. 114.ISBN9781590207307.
- ^abTurnbull, Stephen (1987).Battles of the Samurai.Arms and Armour Press. pp. 14–15.ISBN0853688265.
- ^abTurnbull, Stephen (1977).The Samurai, A Military History.MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 55.ISBN0026205408.
- ^abcdSansom, George (1958).A History of Japan to 1334.Stanford University Press. p. 291, 293.ISBN0804705232.
- ^Turnbull, Stephen (1998).The Samurai Sourcebook.Cassell & Co. p. 201.ISBN1854095234.
Further reading
[edit]- Yoshinaka's life is described in some detail inS. Turnbull'sbookThe Samurai(1977) pp. 55–66.[ISBN missing]
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