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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Native name
Tam lăng trọng công nghiệp chu thức hội xã
Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha
Company typePublicKK
TYO:7011
IndustryEngineering
Electrical equipment
Electronics
Aerospace
Defense
Founded
  • July 7, 1884;139 years ago(1884-07-07)(original)
  • January 11, 1950;74 years ago(1950-01-11)(incorporation)
FounderYatarō Iwasaki
HeadquartersMarunouchi Nijūbashi Building,Marunouchi,Chūō,Tokyo,
Japan
Area served
Global
Key people
Shunichi Miyanaga[jp](Chairman)
Seiji Izumisawa[jp](President&CEO)
RevenueIncrease¥3,860.2 billion (2021)[1]
Decrease¥2.1 billion (2021)[1]
Increase¥112.7 billion (2021)[1]
Total assetsIncrease¥5,116.3 billion (2021)[1]
Total equityIncrease¥1,662.5 billion (2021)[1]
OwnerMitsubishi Group
Number of employees
99,892 (total)
22,424 (non-consolidated) 77,468 (consolidated)
(as of March 31, 2023)[2]
DivisionsMarine Vessel and Ocean
Power Engine
Machinery and Iron Structure
Aviation and Space
Medium-size Product
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.mhi.comEdit this at Wikidata

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.(Tam lăng trọng công nghiệp chu thức hội xã,Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha,MHI)is a Japanesemultinationalengineering,electrical equipmentandelectronicscorporation headquartered inTokyo,Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of theMitsubishi Groupand its automobile division is the predecessor ofMitsubishi Motors.

MHI's products includeaerospaceandautomotivecomponents,air conditioners,elevators,forklift trucks,hydraulic equipment,printing machines,missiles,tanks,[3]power systems,ships,aircraft,railway systems,and spacelaunch vehicles.[4][5]Through its defense-related activities, it is the world's 23rd-largestdefense contractormeasured by 2011 defense revenues and the largest based in Japan.[6]

History[edit]

The Mitsubishi Dockyard at Nagasaki, Meiji Period

In 1857, at the request of theTokugawa Shogunate,a group ofDutchengineers were invited, including Dutch naval engineer Hendrik Hardes, and began work on theNagasaki Yotetsusho(Trường kỳ dung thiết sở), a modern, Western-stylefoundryand shipyard near the Dutch settlement ofDejima,atNagasaki.[7][8]This was renamedNagasaki Seitetsusho(Trường kỳ chế thiết sở) Nagasaki Iron (Steel) Foundry in 1860, and construction was completed in 1861. Following theMeiji Restorationof 1868, the shipyard was placed under control of the newGovernment of Meiji Japan.The first dry dock was completed in 1879.

In 1884,Yataro Iwasaki,the founder of Mitsubishi, leased theNagasakiSeitetsushofrom the Japanese government, renamed it theNagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works(Trường kỳ tạo thuyền cơ giới công) and entered the shipbuilding business on a large scale. Iwasaki purchased the shipyards outright in 1887. In 1891, "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries - Yokohama Machinery Works" was started asYokohama Dock Company, Ltd.Its main business was ship repairs, to which it added ship servicing by 1897.[9]The works was renamedMitsubishi Shipyard of MitsubishiGoshi Kaishain 1893 and additionaldry dockswere completed in 1896 and 1905.[7]

The "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries - Shimonoseki Shipyard & Machinery Works" was established in 1914. It produced industrial machinery and merchant ships.[10]

The launch of battleshipTosaat the Nagasaki Shipyard, 1921

The Nagasaki company was renamedMitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Ltd.in 1917 and again renamed asMitsubishi Heavy Industriesin 1934. It became the largest private firm in Japan, active in the manufacture of ships, heavy machinery, airplanes and railway cars. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries merged with the Yokohama Dock Company in 1935.[9]From its inception, the Mitsubishi Nagasaki shipyards were heavily involved in contracts for theImperial Japanese Navy.The largestbattleshipMusashiwas completed at Nagasaki in 1942. These connections made Nagasaki a target forstrategic bombingduringWorld War IIby theAlliedair forces,which later dropped anatomic bombon the city on August 9, 1945. This attack, following theatomic bombingofHiroshimathree days earlier, dealt a devastating blow to the Japanese leadership, contributing to thesurrender of Japansix days later.

TheKobe Shipyard of Mitsubishi Goshi Kaishawas established in 1905. The Kobe Shipyard merged with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in 1934. The Kobe Shipyard constructed the ocean linerArgentina Maru(later repurposed as theaircraft carrierKaiyo), and the submarines theI-19andI-25.[11]

Following the dissolution of thezaibatsuafter the surrender of Japan at the end ofWorld War II,Mitsubishi divided into three companies in January 1950: Mitsubishi Nagasaki becameWest Japan Heavy Industries, Ltd,the Kobe Shipyard becameCentral Japan Heavy-Industries, Ltd.,[11]and the Yokohama branch became East Japan Heavy-Industries, Ltd. On 28 April 1952 theOccupation of Japanended, which meant that the ban on using zaibatsu names was lifted.[12]Accordingly, all three companies changed names again on 7 May 1952: West Japan Heavy Industries (the Nagasaki Shipyard) was renamedMitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,[7]Central Japan Heavy Industries, Ltd. was renamed Shin-Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K. (alsotrading asMitsubishi Heavy Industries, Reorganized, Ltd.;[13]shinmeaning "New" ), while East Japan Heavy-Industries became Mitsubishi Nippon Heavy Industries.[12]

In 1964, the three independent companies from the 1950 break-up were merged into Shin-Mitsubishi Jukogyo and became Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. The Nagasaki works was renamed theNagasaki Shipyard & Engine Works.The Kobe works was renamed the 'Mitsubishi Heavy Industries - Kobe Shipyard & Machinery Works'.[14]

In 1970, MHI's automobile parts department became an independent company asMitsubishi Motors.

In 1974, its Tokyo headquarters was targeted in abombing that killed eight people.

MHI participated in a ¥540 billion emergency rescue of Mitsubishi Motors in January 2005, in partnership withMitsubishi CorporationandMitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group.[15][16]As part of the rescue, MHI acquired ¥50 billion of Mitsubishi Motors stock, increasing its ownership stake to 15 percent and making the automaker an affiliate again. The emergency rescue was carried out 4 years after a product recall scandal in Japan that was triggered by accusations of Mitsubishi Motors allegedly trying to systematically hide manufacturing defects to avoid recalls, and marketing problems in the US.[15]

In October 2009, MHI announced an order for up to 100 regional jets from the United States-based airlineTrans States Holdings.[17][18]

MHI entered talks withHitachiin August 2011 about a potential merger of the two companies, in what would have been the largest merger between two Japanese companies in history.[19][20]The talks subsequently broke down and were suspended.[21]

In November 2012, MHI and Hitachi agreed to merge their thermal power generation businesses into a joint venture to be owned 65% by MHI and 35% by Hitachi.[22][23]The joint venture began operations in February 2014 and ended in 2020, as Hitachi transferred its shares to MHI.[22][23][24]

In June 2014Siemensand MHI announced their formation of joint ventures to bid forAlstom's troubled energy and transportation businesses (in locomotives, steam turbines, and aircraft engines). A rival bid byGeneral Electric(GE) has been criticized by French government sources, who consider Alstom's operations as a "vital national interest" at a moment when the French unemployment level stands above 10% and some voters are turning towards the conservative party.[25]GE's proposal ultimately prevailed.[26]

MHI had entered the high-speed train business in 1995, with the manufacture of theMLX01 SCMaglev car,a business it exited in 2017 after struggling with the development costs of theMitsubishi SpaceJet,and disagreements withCentral Japan Railway Companyover the manufacturing costs of the SCMaglev cars.[27]

In February 2021, MHI sold its machine tools business MHI Machine Tool Co. toNidec.[28]

In June 2024, MHI announced it will cease newspaperrotary printing pressproduction due to declining demand. At the time the company held a 50% share of the Japanese rotary press market.[29]

Operations[edit]

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries building inYokohama,Japan

Aerospace[edit]

MHI has aerospace facilities inNagoya,Aichi,Komaki, AichiandMississauga, Canada.

In the 1950s the company began to re-enter the aerospace industry in earnest. Along with other major Japanese companies it was involved in design and production of theNAMC YS-11,the first Japanese airliner to enter production after World War II.[30]In 1956 work started on the design of theMitsubishi MU-2,which became the company's first postwar aircraft design.[31]

In the defense sector, MHI has produced jet fighters for theJapan Air Self-Defense Forceand anti-submarine helicopters for theJapan Maritime Self-Defense Force,as well as aero-engines, missiles and torpedoes. It producedNorth American F-86 Sabre,Lockheed F-104 StarfighterandMcDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom IIfighters. It manufactured 139Mitsubishi F-15Jfighter aircraft from 1981 and produced 200Sikorsky S-70familyMitsubishi H-60helicopters from 1989, in both cases under license production. The company also plays an important role in the Japanese Ballistic Missile Defense System program.

In the space systems sector, MHI is the producer of theH-IIAandH-IIBlaunch vehicles, Japan's main rockets, and provides launch services for national institutions and companies around the world. The clients includeJAXA,KARI,Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre,andInmarsat.[32][33][34]The company is also involved in theInternational Space Stationprogram as acargo spaceshipcontractor.[35]

On 1 April 2008, MHI establishedMitsubishi Aircraft Corporationas a subsidiary to develop and produce the MRJ orMitsubishi Regional Jet,a 70 to 90 passenger regional airliner. MHI is the majority shareholder of the new company, withToyota Motor Corporationowning 10%.[36]

On December 12, 2012, MHI acquiredPratt & Whitney Power Systems,the small gas turbine business ofUnited Technologies.[37]

In the civil aircraft sector, MHI develops and manufactures major airframe components, including fuselage panels for theBoeing 777and composite-material wing boxes for the787.[38]In June 2014, the company joined four other major Japanese companies in signing an agreement to build parts forBoeing's 777X aircraft.[39][needs update]

On 25 June 2019, MHI announced the acquisition ofBombardier Aviation'sCRJprogramme, in a deal expected to close in the first half of 2020, subject to regulatory approval.[40]MHI will benefit from Bombardier's global expertise in areas ranging from engineering and certification to customer relations and support, boosting itsSpaceJet (formerly MRJ)programme, and potentially enabling the SpaceJet to be produced in North America.[41]The deal includes two service centres in Canada and two in the US, as well as the type certificates for the CRJ.[42]Bombardier will retain its assembly facility atMirabel,nearMontreal,Canada, and will continue to produce the CRJ on behalf of MHI until the current order backlog is complete.[43]In early May 2020, MHI confirmed that all conditions had been met and that the transaction would be closed on 1 June.[44]The acquired aviation unit was then renamed MHI RJ Aviation Group.[45]

MHI recorded a loss in FY 2020 partly because of the continuous delays of the first delivery of the SpaceJet.[46]At the height of theCOVID-19 pandemicthat crippled the aviation industry, MHI decided to put a halt to the project.[47]

Defense[edit]

In 2010, MHI commenced production of theType 10advanced main battle tank, at a cost of $11.3 million per unit, to replace theType 90 tank.

Energy[edit]

See also:Mitsubishi FBR SystemsandAtmea

The nuclear business of MHI operates facilities in the cities ofKobeandTakasagoinHyogoPrefecture and inYokohama, KanagawaPrefecture. It also operates a nuclear fuel manufacturing plant inTōkai, Ibarakiwhich processes 440 metric tons of Uranium per year.

MHI has also developed theMitsubishi APWRdesign. MHI has also signed a memorandum of understanding withArevafor the establishment of a joint venture,Atmea,for their next reactor design ATMEA1.[48]

MHI has also been selected as the core company to develop a new generation ofFast Breeder Reactors(FBR) by the Japanese government.[49]After that announcement was made, MHI established a new company,Mitsubishi FBR Systems,Inc. (MFBR) specifically for the development and realization of FBR technology, starting what is likely to be the most aggressive corporate venture into FBR andGeneration IV reactortechnology.[50]

As of 2015, MHI was developing a $15.8 billion nuclear power plant inSinop, Turkeyin partnership withItochuandEngie,which would be its first overseas nuclear project.[51]The deal has been officially scrapped in January 2020, after the feasibility of the project was doubted.[52]

MHI unsuccessfully attempted to acquire the energy business ofAlstomin 2014 in order to develop its service network in Southeast Asia. MHI remains interested in acquisitions in the crude oil and gas sectors as of 2015.[53]Following financial difficulties atAreva,MHI announced in 2015 it would make a proposal to take a minority ownership stake in a new entity called inheriting Areva's nuclear reactor business and acquired a 19% stake in the entity in 2017. In 2018, the entity has been namedFramatome.[54][55]

In 2020, MHI eventually acquired Hitachi'sgas turbinebusiness unit after the two companies had merged their businesses to form a joint venture.[24]

Shipbuilding[edit]

Shipbuilding has been a core and historical founding activity for MHI. It was formally started in 1884 when Mitsubishi leased and then acquired the 'Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works' company (founded in 1857 as 'Nagasaki Yotetsusho Foundry'[56]). Subsequently, Mitsubishi progressively became one of the major Japanese shipbuilding companies, building both commercial as well as military ships, including theYamato-class battleship,Musashi, of theImperial Japanese NavyduringWorld War II.

MHI hasshipbuildingfacilities inNagasaki,KobeandShimonoseki,Japan.Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works(Tam lăng trọng công trường kỳ tạo thuyền sở,Mitsubishi Juko Nagasaki Zosenjo)is the primary shipbuilding division of MHI. It primarily produces specialized commercial vessels, includingLNG carriers,and passengercruise ships.[57]

On 1 December 2017, MHI announced that it will launch two new wholly owned companies on 1 January 2018 in conjunction with reorganization of its shipbuilding business:

  • A new subsidiary,Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.,was created to primarily undertake construction of ships that require intensive outfitting and advanced technologies, mainly based on the Yokohama, Shimonoseki and Nagasaki shipyards.
  • Separately,Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marine Structure Co., Ltd.will mainly engage in the manufacture of large ships and marine structures.[58]

In late 2019, MHI, exploring a withdrawal fromLNG carrierconstruction, started to negotiate withOshima Shipbuildingto divest its historic shipyard located in Koyagi, Nagasaki.[59]

On 24 December 2019, Mitsubishi Shipbuilding delivered its firstfuel gassupply system for amarine LNG engine.[60]

In June 2020, MHI entered talks withMitsui Engineering & Shipbuildingto acquire the latter's naval and patrol ship business. The deal would strengthen MHI's defense sector, effectively consolidatingJapan's defense industryas well. The deal is expected to be reached by the end of 2020, with the parties closing the transaction by October 2021, if approved by regulators.[61][62]

On January 17, 2022, the first successful sea voyage of an unmanned, fullyautonomous vesselwas successfully carried out by theSoleil,built by MHI. The demonstration, conducted in cooperation ofShin Nihonkai Ferry,[63]sailed 240 kilometres, from Shinmoji in NorthernKyushu,tothe Iyonada Sea,over seven hours, with a maximum speed of 26 knots.[64]

In the LIMA 2023 convention, MHI unveiled the Multi-Role Support Ship concept for visitors.[65]

Wind power[edit]

MHI has installed more 3,282 MW worldwide until December 2009, mainly turbines with 1 and 2.4 MW.[66]The company is developing 7-MW-turbines foroffshore wind power.Tests are planned for 2013 in Europe.[67]

On September 27, 2013, MHI andVestas Wind Systemsannounced a joint-venture named MHI Vestas Offshore Wind to develop offshore wind energy based on Vestas'V164 8.0MWturbine.[68]In 2020, MHI acquired 2.5% of Vestas by transferring its 50% of MHI Vestas to Vestas, and receiving 5 million new Vestas shares.[69]

Products[edit]

Liftoff of the second flight of theH-IIBexpendable launch system
TheCrystal Mover,an automatedpeople movermanufactured by MHI for airport and light rail applications
Mitsubishi F-15J
Diamond Princessdocked inHobart,Australia

MHI's products include:

A Type 10 Main Battle Tank
JSKongōand JSAshigaraunder construction

Controversies[edit]

See also:2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries apologized and compensated victims of Chinese forced labor by Japan during World War II in 2015.Yonhap News Agencycriticized Mitsubishi for rescuing Chinese victims while turning a blind eye to Korean victims.[75]

On November 28, 2018, MHI was ordered by theSouth Korea Supreme Courtto pay 150mwon($133,000; £104,000) in compensation to 10 surviving Koreans who were victims of forced labor which the company oversaw during theJapanese occupation of Korea.[76][77]Eighteen family members of other victims of the forced labour overseen by MHI, who had previously sued sometime before 2008, were now able to receive the compensation as well by the decision.[77]All twenty-eight plaintiffs had previously filed a lawsuit in Japan, but had their lawsuit dismissed by the Supreme Court of Japan in 2008.[77]

The Japanese government has officially disputed the lawsuit and defined the verdict as "a breach of the international law", citingthe 1965 agreementwhich was made by the two nations to establishdiplomatic relations,since all of the "problems concerning property, rights, and interests" that had been existed between the two countries and respective peoples thereof during the occupation era "have been settled completely and finally".[78]

During the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,MHI refused to join the international community and withdraw from the Russian market. Research fromYale Universityupdated on April 28, 2022 identifying how companies were reacting to Russia's invasion identified MHI as one of the companies "defying demands for exit/reduction of activities".[79]

Notes[edit]

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References[edit]

External links[edit]

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