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Mnet vote manipulation investigation

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Mnet vote manipulation investigation
Native name엠넷의 서바이벌 프로그램 투표 조작 사건
DateJuly 19, 2019;4 years ago(2019-07-19)
LocationSouth Korea
Arrests
Convicted
  • Ahn Joon-young
  • Kim Yong-bum
  • Producer Lee
  • Kim Shi-dae
  • Starship EntertainmentExecutive Kim
  • Lee
  • Ryu
  • Around Us Entertainment employee Kim

TheMnet vote manipulation investigationwas a South Korean entertainmentscandalinvolvingelectoral fraudin severalreality competitionseries produced and broadcast by the television channelMnet.The incident primarily involves theProduce 101series andIdol School,which were intended to createK-popgroups with members selected by audience vote.

In July 2019, during the final episode of theProduce 101series' fourth season,Produce X 101,several viewers suspected that the total votes were manipulated after noticing numerical patterns. On August 1, 2019, 272 viewers filed a lawsuit against Mnet, as their on-site text voting service charged ₩100 per vote, prompting an investigation led by the Seoul Metropolitan Police.

Ahn Joon-young and Kim Yong-bum, producers for theProduce 101series, were arrested on November 5, 2019. Ahn later admitted to manipulating the rankings to all four seasons of theProduce 101series. On December 3, 2019, Ahn, Kim, and six other entertainment agency representatives were indicted for charges including obstruction of business, fraud, and bribery. A court trial began on December 20, 2019.

The investigation has affected promotions for the groups produced by Mnet's franchises, withX1later being disbanded by the agencies andIz*Onegoing on hiatus, as well as public perception of Mnet's ongoing competition reality series.

Background[edit]

Iz*One(left) andFromis 9(right)
Main articles:Produce 101andIdol School (2017 TV series)

In 2009, South Korean cable television channelMnetproduced their firstreality competitionseries,Superstar K,which immediately became popular, creating a boom of audition program franchises.[1][2][3]In 2016, they launchedProduce 101,aiming to create a short-termK-popproject group of 101 contestants with all 11 members selected by audience vote. The group formed from that show,I.O.I,was successful throughout their one-year contract, and due to their popularity, Mnet subsequently continued the series, creating its ownfranchise.[4]The next two seasons,Produce 101 Season 2andProduce 48(a collaboration with theAKB48 Group), formedWanna OneandIz*Onerespectively, with both groups finding individual success in the music market.[5][6]The fourth season,Produce X 101,which was broadcast in 2019, created the groupX1.[7]In addition to theProduce 101series, Mnet launchedIdol Schoolin 2017 with a similar premise, which created the girl groupFromis 9.[8]

Investigation[edit]

Incident and lawsuit[edit]

During the live broadcast of the final episode ofProduce X 101on July 19, 2019, several viewers suspected thatMnethad tampered with the total votes after noticing irregular patterns in the voting numbers. First, viewers noticed that when they compiled a list of the differences in the number of votes between each rank, a lot of them were the same. In particular, a difference of exactly 29,978 votes was observed five times. Furthermore, a difference of either 7,494 or 74,945 votes was observed six times. Viewers also realized that when the average individual vote count and divided that by 100, they got 7,494.442. They then realized that each of the top 20 individuals vote counts were a multiple of 7,494.442. Furthermore, viewers realized that by multiplying 7,494.442 by 2,000, they got the total number of votes. Some viewers then tried using the same formula on the individual vote counts of the final 20Produce 48members. This time, viewers realized that each of the top 20 individuals vote count were a multiple of 445.2178. In addition, they were able to get the total number of votes after multiplying 445.2178 by 10,000, rather than by 2,000.[citation needed]In response to the allegations, Mnet admitted that there were errors in calculation, but also maintained that the final rankings were correct and that there was no intention of changingX1's member line-up.[9]Fourteen representatives from the entertainment agencies of the 20 finalists held a meeting on July 29, 2019, and agreed to supportProduce X 101's outcome and X1's debut.[10]On August 1, 2019, 272 viewers filed a lawsuit against Mnet forelectoral fraud,as their on-site text voting service charged ₩100 per vote.[11][12]

First police raids and witness allegations[edit]

On August 20, 2019, a search warrant was issued onCJ E&Moffices and a text voting company by the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency.[13]During their first search, the police uncovered voice recordings of the staff members discussing vote manipulation on the previous seasons of the show, resulting in them extending their investigation to all four seasons of theProduce 101series,[13]Idol School,[13][14]Show Me the Money,andSuperstar K.[15]

Produce X 101[edit]

On October 1, 2019, the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency confirmed that votes from eliminated trainees were added to the total votes of the members who debuted in X1, a process that affected 2-3 trainees who were originally in the top 11.[16]The police issued a search and seizure warrant on the offices ofStarship Entertainment,Woollim Entertainment,andMBK Entertainment.[17][18][19]The police also investigated several agencies involved inProduce 48.[20]Reportedly, per contract signed with CJ E&M, the entertainment agencies were paid ₩100,000 for every episode their talent appeared in. An anonymous trainee alleged only ₩1 million was given to their talent agencies for participating in a song, while each participant would only get a small percentage, and CJ E&M would keep additional profits if the song performed well. Some entertainment agencies who disagreed would request their talents to be eliminated at the last minute to withdraw them.[21]

On October 15, 2019,MBCbroadcast a feature on the vote rigging controversy onPD Note.[22]Participants ofProduce X 101andIdol Schooland agency officials alleged anonymously that the production teams were biased towards trainees they preferred, such as forcing song producers to give certain trainees more lines and providing them with more screen time; one of them alleged that a contestant had his screen time completely removed after raising a complaint against a staff member, who had yelled at him to wake up.[22][23]An anonymous trainee alleged that one trainee, under pressure from Starship Entertainment,[24]was secretly informed about a mission in advance by one of the choreographers.[23]He also alleged that some trainees knew the final rankings before the results were announced, and that a trainee from Woollim Entertainment was told by a representative that only one person from their company would debut in X1.[25]

Two trainees alleged that the center position for the theme song, "X1-MA", was originally assigned to a different contestant chosen by trainee vote before the producers changed it to audience vote at the last minute.[22][26][27]A fourth trainee claimed that many participants felt the show was biased towards trainees from Starship Entertainment.[25][24]Staff members anonymously alleged that, for the final ranking results, only one off-site producer had counted the votes in a separate room and sent them the results via text message.[27]

Idol School[edit]

On October 3, 2019, a trainee ofIdol Schoolalleged anonymously that only three to four of the 4,000 applicants had auditioned to appear on the show, indicating that the majority of the contestants did not have to go through an audition process to compete.[23]In an interview withMBC,a trainee alleged that, throughout their six-month training period, the contestants were only given clothes appropriate for the summer and had to wear them in cold weather. In addition to that, they were cut off from outside communication, were only allowed to buy daily necessities once a month, and were not given enough food to eat.[21]

During the October 15 broadcast ofPD Note,several trainees anonymously claimed that their living quarters had poor ventilation and some girls developed rashes from dust. The trainees also claimed that they were so malnourished that some of them did not menstruate or had periods lasting for two months.[27]

Bribery investigation, arrests, and indictments[edit]

On October 16, 2019, the police began investigating whether the producers had accepted money for manipulating the votes.[28]On November 5, 2019, after approval from the Seoul National District Court, the police issued arrest warrants and travel bans for director Ahn Joon-young, chief producer Kim Yong-bum, a producer with the surname Lee, and Starship Entertainment's vice president Kim Kang-hyo,[29]after they had attempted to destroy evidence.[30]By evening, Ahn and Kim Yong-bum were arrested.[31][32]During questioning, Ahn initially admitted to having manipulated the rankings forProduce 48andProduce X 101only,[33]but he later also admitted to partially manipulating the rankings for the first two seasons as well.[34]

On November 7, 2019, the police revealed that the final rankings of the top 20 trainees duringProduce 48andProduce X 101had already been predetermined by the producers before the final performances were recorded and broadcast.[35]A total of 10 people, including the previously reported four individuals, were arrested on November 12, 2019.[36]One of the other six people arrested was Shin Hyung-kwan, the vice president ofCJ ENM.[37]

On December 3, 2019, Ahn, Kim Yong-bum, and Lee were indicted for obstruction of business and fraud; executives Kim Shi-dae and Kim (first name not revealed) fromStarship Entertainment,[38]formerWoollim Entertainmentemployee Lee, former8D Creativeemployee Ryu, andAround Us Entertainmentemployee Kim[39]were indicted for bribery and violating the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act.[40][41][42]The indictment revealed that Ahn and Kim Yong-bum had met with one other professional two days before the live finale ofProduce X 101to determine the final 11 members of X1 based on pre-finale online votes and had wanted to exclude contestants they did not prefer, particularly those who had already debuted in other groups.[43]Ahn and Kim Yong-bum held a similar meeting in August 2018 before the live finale ofProduce 48to choose Iz*One's final 12 members.[43]Ahn swapped rankings for one trainee who was supposed to debut inWanna One.[43]A later report mentioned that the indictment also revealed rankings for one trainee who was supposed to debut inI.O.Iwere swapped.[44][45]

In addition to this, Ahn had also swapped rankings for other contestants in the earlier evaluations. One trainee fromProduce X 101had originally passed the first elimination had been swapped for another, while the same method was used for the third elimination.[43]He also swapped rankings for two trainees fromProduce 101and one trainee fromProduce 101 Season 2,all of whom had originally passed the first elimination.[43]Ahn and Kim Yong-bum stated in the indictment that they had predetermined the line-up for Iz*One and X1 because they were pressured by Wanna One's success.[46][47]

CJ ENM had earned ₩124.65 million from the paid text messaging votes fromProduce 48andProduce X 101.[43]Police previously found that Ahn had used services from adult entertainment establishments in Gangnam. This was paid for 40 times by various talent agencies, beginning from the second half of 2018, the cost of which estimated to ₩100 million.[33]The indictment, however, clarified that, from January 2018 to July 2019, Ahn received services 47 times, estimating ₩46.83 million, that were paid for by the five talent agency representatives in exchange for giving their trainees favorable screentime.[43][42]In response to this report, 8D Creative stated that Ryu was no longer working for their agency and was being indicted for bribery onProduce X 101through his own agency, Enfant Terrible.[48]Around Us Entertainment stated that their employee Kim purchased alcohol for Ahn but they were not involved in bribery.[39]

On February 14, 2020, the Seoul Metropolitan Police issued arrest warrants for two people who were on the production staff ofIdol School.[49]

Trial[edit]

The first trial was held on December 20, 2019. During the trial, the defendants admitted to the charges while also requesting a closed trial to avoid disclosing the names of the trainees whose rankings were changed.[50][51][52]

A second trial was held on January 14, 2020 and attended by the legal representatives of the defendants and the prosecution. Ahn and Kim, through their legal team, maintained that while they manipulated the rankings, their actions were not illegal. Han Dong-chul, the chief producer of the first season ofProduce 101,and a staff member with the surname Park appeared at the hearing as witnesses; both had been suspected of manipulating the rankings for the first season of the show. The prosecution requestedLee Hae-inand anotherProduce 101season 1 contestant as witnesses, but Lee's summoning was delayed and her lawyer stated that she would appear at the next hearing. Han and Park were also scheduled to be interrogated at the next hearing.[53][54]

On February 7, 2020, all eight defendants were present. Ahn and Kim's lawyer stated that the votes were rigged in favor of the trainees from the first two seasons wanting to leave the program. In addition, Ahn claimed that while he violated the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, he only drank with entertainment agency representatives without accepting bribes, a statement that was supported by the other defendants. The third hearing took place on March 6, 2020.[55][56]

On November 18, 2020, the trial of appeals for the case of Produce 101 series was held, the court revealed the list of contestants who were eliminated due to manipulation.[57][58][59]

Sentencing[edit]

Final arguments were heard on 12 May 2020 with the prosecution requesting prison sentences of three years each for producing director (PD) Ahn Joon-young and chief producer (CP) Kim Yong-bum; two years for assistant PD Lee Mi-kyung; and one year for each of the five agency representatives charged with collusion.[60]

The sentencing hearing took place on 29 May at Seoul District Court; all eight defendants heard guilty verdicts. PD Ahn Joon-young was fined₩37 million and sentenced to two years; CP Kim Yong-beom was sentenced to 20 months; and assistant PD Lee Mi-kyung was fined ₩10 million. Agency representatives identified only as "Kim", "Lee", and "Ryu" were fined ₩7 million a piece, while two additional representatives both identified as "Kim" were each fined ₩5 million.[61][62]

Reactions[edit]

Mnet's response[edit]

Mnet issued an apology after the vote investigation allegations first broke in July 2019.[9]Despite the backlash, in the midst of investigation, Mnet announced on October 21, 2019 that they were launching another reality competition series,Teen Singer,in 2020.[63]On November 5, 2019, Mnet issued a statement mentioning that they were cooperating with the police after arrest warrants were issued.[64]Following Ahn Joon-young and Kim Yong-bum's arrests, Mnet stated that their current and future reality programs, such asQueendomandTeen Singer,will be implementing an "observer system", where ordinary people and third parties will be overseeing the votes. In addition, their current program,World Klass,is implementing a system where winners will be selected through evaluations from industry experts andV Livevotes, while removing paid text message voting.[65][66]On November 18, 2019, Mnet announced they were withdrawing all four seasons of theProduce 101series fromvideo on demandservices.[67]

On December 3, 2019, Mnet issued another apology regarding the results of the investigation and announced that they will soon disclose future plans for Iz*One and X1.[68]On December 18, 2019, Kang Ji-hoon, the contents operation manager at Mnet, announced that Mnet will no longer be producing audition programs and were discussing how to compensate trainees who were unfairly eliminated.[69][70]

Impact on music acts[edit]

After the lawsuit was filed in August 2019, several brands cancelled their endorsement deals withX1or put them on hold.[71]The agencies of several of the members refused to sign contracts with CJ ENM until the allegations were cleared up.[72]In spite of this, X1's debut proceeded as planned.[73]After their appearance at the 2019 V Live Awards V Heartbeat was cancelled, Mnet announced that there were currently no plans for the group to promote.[74]

Iz*One's first studio album,Bloom*Iz,was originally scheduled for release on November 11, 2019 with the lead single "Fiesta". Both the album and song were postponed after Ahn Joon-young's questioning on November 6.[75]In addition, Iz*One's showcases, promotions, and several guest appearances were cancelled or put on hold,[75][76][77][78][79][80]as well as their concert film,Eyes on Me: The Movie.[81]On November 28, 2019, Iz*One's Japanese promotions were also suspended,[82]includingSakura MiyawakiandHitomi Honda's individual radio shows.[83][84]On December 4, 2019, Iz*One's official Japanese fan club suspended activity, closing registrations for new members and refunding current members.[85]

On December 30, 2019, Mnet and CJ ENM announced that both Iz*One and X1 will begin discussing future plans for the groups, and that the eliminated trainees will be fairly compensated.[86]Both Iz*One and X1 were dropped from the nominations for the34th Golden Disc Awards.[87]On January 6, 2020, X1 disbanded after the members' agencies failed to reach an agreement on the group's future,[88]while the agencies of Iz*One's members agreed to continue promoting.[89]Iz*One disbanded on April 29, 2021.[90][91]

Public response[edit]

Following initial accusations in July 2019, politicianHa Tae-keung(Bareunmiraemember at the time, now withPeople Power Party) condemned Mnet, stating that some of the numbers had a low probability of naturally occurring.[12][92]On October 17, 2019, Korea Communications Standards Commission revealed that they may fine Mnet up to ₩30 million for violating the Enforcement Decree of the Broadcasting Act.[93]

The production committee forProduce 101 Japan,the 2019 Japanese spin-off of the originalProduce 101franchise, stated on their official website that they are not affiliated with the Korean production team and have a separate voting system, with votes analyzed by a group of third-party lawyers.[94]

After Ahn Joon-young admitted the first two seasons of the show were rigged, an image that Mnet had posted on their officialFacebookaccount coinciding with the finale ofProduce 101 Season 2went viral.[95]The image had originally includedKang Dong-ho,Samuel Kim,andKim Jong-hyunas the winners of the show instead ofYoon Ji-sung,Kim Jae-hwanandHa Sung-woon,but Mnet had stated it was a mistake and deleted it shortly after posting it.[95]

Responses from contestants[edit]

In October 2019, the father ofLee Hae-in,a contestant onthe first season ofProduce 101andIdol School,alleged through her fan site that CJ ENM suggested during her audition that she sign withtheir subsidiary agencyto ensure that she would be able to debut after elimination, and she had done so out of fear of not being accepted intoIdol School.However, after being eliminated, CJ ENM did not follow up and she was unable to sign contracts with other agencies, before finally signing up with The Groove Company in 2020. In response, CJ ENM issued an apology.[96][97]Following the news, Lee revealed onInstagramand on the October 15 broadcast ofPD Notethe poor conditions she and other contestants worked under.[27]

After Ahn Joon-young and Kim Yong-bum's arrests, Shiori Niwa, another contestant of the first season, posted and later deletedtweetsalleging that some of the trainees already knew the lyrics and choreography to "Pick Me"by the time she heard it.[98]Jung Dong-soo, a contestant ofProduce 101 Season 2,called for the culprits to be punished and later stated that, while he had suspected the ranks were manipulated, he was "shocked" and "angry".[99]At the same time, both voiced support for all trainees in the show.[98][99]Lee Dae-hwiand Park Hee-seok, who were also contestants onProduce 101 Season 2,voiced their support for Iz*One and X1.[100][101]

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  45. ^"Kiểm, '프로듀스 101 시즌1' 조작? 엠넷 측" 한 모 CP 관련 입장 없어 "[공식]".Sports Donga(in Korean). December 13, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2019.
  46. ^"프로듀스 PD 45명 중 24명 '순위 조작'…" 워너원 큰 성공에 부담 컸다 "".MoneyS(in Korean). December 7, 2019.RetrievedDecember 7,2019.
  47. ^""워너원 큰 성공, 후속부담 컸다"…프로듀스 PD의 변명 ".Nate(in Korean). December 7, 2019.RetrievedDecember 7,2019.
  48. ^"[공식입장] 에잇디 측" 프로듀스101 제작진 접대와 관련, 관계 없다 "".SE Daily(in Korean). December 5, 2019.RetrievedDecember 5,2019.
  49. ^"[공식입장] 엠넷" '아이돌학교' 제작진 구속영장신청…수사 적극 협조 "".NewsOne(in Korean). February 14, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 14,2020.
  50. ^"안준영 측 변호인" 비공개 재판 원해, 2차 피해 막기 위해 "[MK★현장]".MK Sports(in Korean). December 20, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2019.
  51. ^""혐의 인정, 연습생 피해최소화"…'프듀' 안준영·김용범, 공판 불출석(종합)[MK★현장] ".MK Sports(in Korean). December 20, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2019.
  52. ^"'프듀' 안준영-김용범 측 "공소 사실 대체로 인정"…재판 비공개 요청 [종합] ".TV Report(in Korean). December 20, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2019.
  53. ^"'프듀' 제작진 "투표 조작 고의 없었다" 주장…한동철 PD 증인 채택 [종합] ".Xport News(in Korean). January 14, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 16,2020.
  54. ^"[종합] 안준영PD '프듀' 조작 무죄 주장, pháp" 납득NO, 한동철PD 증인채택 "".Sports Donga(in Korean). January 14, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 16,2020.
  55. ^"'프듀101' 안준영 "하차 원해 순위 조작…사욕·부정청탁 아냐"".Maeil Broadcasting Network(in Korean). February 7, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 8,2020.
  56. ^"'프듀' 안준영·김용범 1차 공판.. "조작·청탁 NO..자진하차 순위 조정" [종합] ".스타뉴스(in Korean). February 7, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 8,2020.
  57. ^"Mnet 측" 조작 피해보상 일부 협의 완료, 일부 진행 중 "(공식입장 전문)".entertain.naver.com(in Korean).RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  58. ^"'프듀 순위 조작' 안준영 PD, 2심도 실형… "보상 위해 연습생 명단 공개"".news.naver.com(in Korean).RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  59. ^"'프듀 투표조작' 2심도 실형… "강동호·이가은 등 피해봐" (종합) ".news.naver.com(in Korean).RetrievedNovember 18,2020.
  60. ^"'프듀 순위조작' 안준영·김용범 3년 구형… "시청자 들러리로" (종합) ".Naver News.May 12, 2020.RetrievedMay 29,2020.
  61. ^"[HI★현장] '프듀 조작 혐의' 안준영 징역 2년·김용범 징역 1년 8개월 선고".Naver News.May 29, 2020.RetrievedMay 29,2020.
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  63. ^"엠넷 측" 새 서바이벌 '십대 가수', 내년 상반기 방송 목표 기획 중 "[공식]".Hankook Ilbo(in Korean). October 21, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  64. ^"엠넷" '프로듀스X101' 물의 일으켜 사과…경찰 수사에 적극 협조 "[전문]".TV Report(in Korean). November 5, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  65. ^"엠넷" 오디션 프로 '참관인 제도' 도입 "…공정성↑".MT(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  66. ^"엠넷" '프듀' 물의 죄송..오디션 프로 이미 '참관인 제도' 도입 "[★NEWSing]".Star News(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  67. ^"Mnet" '프로듀스' 시리즈 전체 서비스 중단 진행 "[공식입장]".TV Report(in Korean). November 18, 2019.RetrievedNovember 18,2019.
  68. ^"엠넷 측" 아이즈원x엑스원, 잘못 없는 멤버들..향후 계획 발표할 것 "(전문)[공식]".Osen(in Korean). December 3, 2019.RetrievedDecember 4,2019.
  69. ^"CJ ENM, '프듀' 사태 의견진술 1시간 내내 '모르쇠'…방심위, 끝내 제재수위 보류[MK현장]".MK(in Korean). December 18, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2019.
  70. ^"[POP이슈]" 오디션 프로 제작 지양 "..Mnet, '프듀' 조작 논란에 방심위 의견 진술".Pop Herald(in Korean). December 18, 2019.RetrievedDecember 20,2019.
  71. ^Haddad, Hanan (August 22, 2019)."K-Pop Boy Band X1 Is Dark And Seductive In Debut Teaser: Watch".E! Online.RetrievedSeptember 7,2019.
  72. ^"[단독]엑스원, 앨범 57만장 팔고도 아직 '정산금 0원' 속앓이".Sport Seoul(in Korean). November 11, 2019.RetrievedNovember 21,2019.
  73. ^Haddad, Hanan (August 5, 2019)."Produce X 101's K-Pop Group X1 Set To Debut With No Delays".E! Online.RetrievedSeptember 7,2019.
  74. ^"Mnet" 엑스원 'V하트비트' 출연 취소, 추가 활동 일정 vô "[전문]".Xport News(in Korean). November 15, 2019.RetrievedNovember 20,2019.
  75. ^ab"Girl band IZ*ONE postpones release of new album amid vote-rigging scandal".The Korea Herald.November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 7,2019.
  76. ^"tvN" '놀토' 9일 결방, 하이라이트 방송 "..아이즈원 논란에 hưu (공식)".Star News(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 7,2019.
  77. ^"[공식입장]MBC 측" '마리텔2' 아이즈원, 안유진 포함 출연분 통편집 확정 "(종합)".Sports Chosun(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 7,2019.
  78. ^"아이즈원, 컴백쇼도 결국 취소…엠넷 재팬 발표" 대단히 죄송 "사과 [공식]".My Daily(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 7,2019.
  79. ^"[공식입장]JTBC" 아이즈원, '아이돌룸' 녹화 이미 완료…방송 여부 미정 "".Sports Chosun(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 7,2019.
  80. ^"아이즈원, 11일 컴백 쇼케이스 결국 취소(공식)".Star News(in Korean). November 7, 2019.RetrievedNovember 7,2019.
  81. ^"ＩＺ＊ＯＮＥコンサートフィルム trung chỉ, quan hệ giả が đãi bộ".Nikkan Sports(in Japanese). November 8, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  82. ^"IZ*ONE, nhật bổn での các chủng イベントが diên kỳ に".Oricon(in Japanese). November 28, 2019.RetrievedNovember 28,2019.
  83. ^"IZ*ONE, nhật bổn での các chủng イベントが diên kỳ に".Oricon(in Japanese). November 28, 2019.RetrievedNovember 28,2019.
  84. ^"아이즈원 혼다 히토미, 사쿠라 이어 nhật 라디오 중단".Xport News(in Korean). November 29, 2019.RetrievedDecember 4,2019.
  85. ^"IZ*ONE, ファンクラブサイト canh tân & tân quy thụ phó を nhất thời hưu chỉ đầu phiếu bất chính thao tác nghi hoặc の dư ba".Oricon(in Japanese). December 4, 2019.RetrievedDecember 5,2019.
  86. ^"X1 and IZ*ONE line-up 'pre-decided' in Produce 101 voting manipulation".Metro News. December 6, 2019.
  87. ^"[34회 골든] 방탄소년단, 첫 디지털 음원 대상..심사위원 최다 득표".Is Plus(in Korean). January 4, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 6,2020.
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  89. ^"[단독] 아이즈원, 이르면 1월 내 활동 재개…이미 합의 완료".SpoTV News(in Korean). January 6, 2020.RetrievedJanuary 7,2020.
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  93. ^Kim, Joo-hyung (October 17, 2019)."방심위" '프듀X' 조작, 엠넷에 최대 3천만원 과징금 가능 "".Yonhap News Agency(in Korean).RetrievedOctober 17,2019.
  94. ^"『PRODUCE 101』 nhật bổn bản に “Bất chính はございません” hàn quốc での nghi hoặc thụ け vận 営が thanh minh ".Oricon(in Japanese). November 15, 2019.RetrievedNovember 15,2019.
  95. ^ab"“プロデュース101” シーズン2の thao tác nghi hoặc うけ…NU'EST ベクホ＆JR＆Samuelに tái び quan tâm tập まる ".Oricon(in Japanese). December 6, 2019.RetrievedDecember 6,2019.
  96. ^"이해인 누구? #프듀 #아이비아이 #아이돌학교[스타이슈]".Star Daily(in Korean). October 4, 2019.RetrievedOctober 4,2019.
  97. ^"'프듀' 이어 '아이돌학교' 조작시비 점입가경 ".Newsis(in Korean). October 4, 2019.RetrievedOctober 4,2019.
  98. ^ab"니와 시오리" '픽미', 이미 알고있던 연습생 있었다 "…'프듀'시즌1 폭로".SpoTV News(in Korean). November 8, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  99. ^ab"[단독 인터뷰] '프듀' 연습생 정동수" 순위 조작 심증 있었지만… "".SBS Fun E(in Korean). November 15, 2019.RetrievedNovember 15,2019.
  100. ^"'몽글스' 이대휘 "'프듀' 조작 논란 마음 아파, 안타까울 따름"".Sports Donga(in Korean). November 8, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
  101. ^"'프듀2' 박희석, 조작 논란 심경 "제작진 나쁜 사람 소리 들을까 봐 걱정" [전문] ".SpoTV News(in Korean). November 8, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2019.
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