Montenegrin wine
Montenegrin wineiswinemade in theBalkancountry ofMontenegro.[1]Many Montenegrin vineyards are located in the southern and coastal regions of the country. Montenegrin wines are made from a wide range ofgrape varietiesincludingKrstač,Cabernet Sauvignon,ChardonnayandVranac.Other indigenous cultivars include Bioka, Čubrica,Krstač,and Žižak.[2]
History
[edit]Viticulturein Montenegro dates back to theIllyrians;relics of wine-making and wine-trading have been found in the necropolis of the coastal cityBudvadating back to the 4th century BCE.[2]Tombstones found in Montenegro were decorated with grapevines and wine motifs related to the Dionysian cult.[3]Montenegro is considered the origin of theKratošija(better known as Zinfandel) and Vranac grape varieties.[4][5]The earliest reference to the Montenegrin variety Kratošija comes from the medieval statute of Budva, written in Italian, and dated 1426-1442 CE.[6]Grape-growing and wine-producing regulations were introduced under the reign ofNicholas I of Montenegro.[citation needed]
Production
[edit]In Montenegro, the Vranac and Kratošija varieties are primarily used for making red wines, whereas Krstač is the dominant variety for white wine.[3]Kratošija was the predominant variety until thephylloxera epidemic.[7]The most prevalent variety, Vranac, represents more than 70% of domestic wine production.[citation needed]
The amount of land in vineyard cultivation has increased significantly throughout the Balkans since 2000, including in Montenegro. Grapes are grown on over 2,800 hectares (28 km2) with a gross production of 22,200 tons in 2017.[2]PerEuropean Unionregulations, the Montenegrin wine-producing area is divided into four wine regions and fifteen sub-regions, the most important of which is aroundLake Skadar.The other principal region is along the coastal area on theAdriatic Sea.[7]
Trade
[edit]Counterfeit Montenegrin wine brands have circulated in Eastern Europe and the western Balkans; a group of researchers from Serbia, Finland, Montenegro, and the Netherlands have described a system usingsmart labelsto identify genuine bottles and screen out imposters.[8]
Shortly before theMontenegrin parliamentratified theNATOaccession treaty, Russia banned imports of Montenegrin wine from the state-owned wine producerPlantažeunder claims of elevated levels ofmetalaxyl,pesticides, and particle plastics.[9]Previously, one-fifth of the country's wine exports went to Russia.[10]
See also
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References
[edit]- ^Pajovic-Scepanovic, Radmila; Krstic, Marija; Savkovic, Sanja; Raicevic, Danijela; Popovic, Tatjana (2016-09-30)."Wine Quality in Montenegro".The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry".62(3).doi:10.17707/AgricultForest.62.3.19.
- ^abcMaraš, Vesna; Tello, Javier; Gazivoda, Anita; Mugoša, Milena; Perišić, Mirko; Raičević, Jovana; Štajner, Nataša; Ocete, Rafael; Božović, Vladan; Popović, Tatjana; García-Escudero, Enrique; Grbić, Miodrag; Martínez-Zapater, José Miguel; Ibáñez, Javier (2020-09-14)."Population genetic analysis in old Montenegrin vineyards reveals ancient ways currently active to generate diversity in Vitis vinifera".Scientific Reports.10(1): 15000.doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71918-7.ISSN2045-2322.PMC7490262.PMID32929127.
- ^abMaraš, Vesna (2019-09-04), Morata, Antonio; Loira, Iris (eds.),"Ampelographic and Genetic Characterization of Montenegrin Grapevine Varieties",Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology,IntechOpen,doi:10.5772/intechopen.85676,ISBN978-1-78984-612-6,S2CID189001228,retrieved2023-01-23
- ^Pajović Šćepanović, Radmila; Wendelin, Silvia; Raičević, Danijela; Eder, Reinhard (2019-10-01)."Characterization of the phenolic profile of commercial Montenegrin red and white wines".European Food Research and Technology.245(10): 2233–2245.doi:10.1007/s00217-019-03330-z.ISSN1438-2385.S2CID199653545.
- ^"The great grapevine".Financial Times.2012-10-12.Retrieved2023-01-23.
- ^MARAŠ, V. (2015)."Origin and characterization of Montenegrin grapevine varieties"(PDF).Vitis.54:135–137.
- ^abPajovic, R.; Raicevic, D.; Popovic, T.; Sivilotti, P.; Lisjak, K.; Vanzo, A. (2014)."Polyphenolic characterisation of Vranac, Kratosija and Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grapes and wines from different vineyard locations in Montenegro".South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture.35(1): 139–148.ISSN2224-7904.
- ^Popović, Tomo; Krčo, Srdjan; Maraš, Vesna; Hakola, Liisa; Radonjić, Sanja; van Kranenburg, Rob; Šandi, Stevan (2021-06-01)."A novel solution for counterfeit prevention in the wine industry based on IoT, smart tags, and crowd-sourced information".Internet of Things.14:100375.doi:10.1016/j.iot.2021.100375.ISSN2542-6605.S2CID233949346.
- ^"Defying Russia, Montenegro Finally Joins NATO".VOA.Retrieved2023-01-23.
- ^Corpădean, Adrian Gabriel (2018)."Assessments and Prospects for the Integration of the West Balkans. The Case of Montenegro".Online Journal Modelling the New Europe(25): 87–105.doi:10.24193/OJMNE.2018.25.04.ISSN2247-0514.
External links
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