Jump to content

Moomins

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromMoomin)
"Moomin" redirects here. For other uses, seeMoomin (disambiguation).
The Moomins
The Moomins, comic book cover by Tove Jansson. From left to right: Sniff, Snufkin, Moominpappa, Moominmamma, Moomintroll (Moomin), the Mymble's daughter, Groke, Snork Maiden and Hattifatteners
AuthorTove Jansson
Original titleMumintrollen
TranslatorTo English: Elizabeth Portch, Thomas Warburton, Kingsley Hart, Ant O'Neill
IllustratorTove Jansson
LanguageFinland Swedish[1]
GenreChildren's fantasy
PublisherDrawn & Quarterly,Macmillan,Farrar, Straus and Giroux,Schildts,Zangavar,Sort of Books
Publication placeFinland
Media typePrint, digital
Websitewww.moomin.com/en

TheMoomins(Swedish:Mumintrollen,pronounced[ˈmɵmiːnˌtrɔlːən]) are the central characters in a series ofnovels,short stories,picture books,and acomic stripbySwedish-speaking Finnishwriter and illustratorTove Jansson,originally published inSwedishbySchildts[2]in Finland. They are a family of white, round fairy-tale characters with large snouts that make them resemble thehippopotamus.However, despite this resemblance, the Moomin family aretrolls.The family live in their house inMoominvalley.

In all,nine bookswere released in the series, together with five picture books and acomic strip,between 1945 and 1993.

The Moomins have inspirednumerous television series,films, and two theme parks:Moomin WorldinNaantali,Finland,and Akebono Children's Forest Park inHannō, Saitama,Japan.

Etymology

[edit]

There are two different stories of how the termmoomintrollwas invented.

On one occasion, Jansson explained that the termmumintrollwas originally coined during her childhood by her uncle: to deter the young Jansson from taking food from his pentry, the uncle told her that the it was inhabited by "cold moomintrolls", which would come out of the corners and rub their noses against Jansson if she came to steal food. The mysterious creatures would then follow Jansson as she grew up.[3]

In a letter toPaul Ariste,an Estonian linguist, Jansson wrote in 1973 that she had created the word moomintroll to expresses something soft: She came up with anad hocSwedish wordmumintroll,because, in her opinion, the consonant sound ofmin particularconveys a sensation of softness.As an artist, Jansson gave the Moomins a shape that also expresses softness, as opposed to flabbiness.[4]

Synopsis and characters

[edit]
See also:List of Moomin characters
Finnish Moomin toys from the 1950s
Edward the Boobleand the bathing hut, atMoominworld

The Moomin stories concern several eccentric and oddly-shaped characters, some of whom are related to each other. The central family consists ofMoominpappa,MoominmammaandMoomintroll.[5]

Other characters, such asHemulens,Sniff,the Snork Maiden,SnufkinandLittle Myare accepted into or attach themselves to the family group from time to time, generally living separate lives in the surroundingMoominvalley,where the series is set, and in which the Moomin family decides to live at the end ofThe Moomins and the Great Flood.

Characters

[edit]
  • Moomintroll,also referred to as "Moomin" in some of the English translations: The mainprotagonist,the little boy of the family, interested in and excited about everything he sees and finds, always trying to be good, but sometimes getting into trouble while doing so; he always tries to be brave and find a way to make his friends happy.
  • Moominpappa:Orphaned in his younger years, he is a somewhat restless soul who left the orphanage to venture out into the world in his youth but has now settled down, determined to be a responsible father to his family.
  • Moominmamma:The calm mother, who takes care that Moominhouse is a safe place to be. She wants everyone to be happy, appreciates individuality, but settles things when someone is wronged. She always brings good food as well as whatever else may be necessary on a journey in her handbag.
  • Little My:A mischievous little girl, who lives in the Moomin house and has a cynical spunky personality. She likes adventure and loves catastrophes; she sometimes does mean things on purpose. She finds messiness and untidiness exciting and is very down to earth, especially when others are not.
  • Sniff:A creature who lives in the Moomin house. He likes to take part in everything, but is afraid to do anything dangerous. Sniff appreciates all valuables and makes many plans to get rich, but does not succeed.
  • Snork Maiden:Moomin's friend. She is happy and energetic, but often suddenly changes her mind on things. She loves nice clothes and jewelry and is a little flirtatious. She thinks of herself as Moomin's girlfriend.
  • Snufkin:Moomin's best friend. The lonesome philosophical traveller, who likes to play the harmonica and wander the world with only a few possessions, so as not to make his life complicated. He comes and goes as he pleases, is carefree and has many admirers in Moominvalley. He is also fearless and calm in even the most dire situations, which has proven to be a great help to Moomintroll and the others when in danger.
  • TheMymble,also referred to as "the Mymble's daughter":Little My's amiable and helpful big sister, and half-sister of Snufkin. She often has romantic daydreams about the loves of her life, particularly policemen.
  • TheSnork:Snorkmaiden's brother. He is an introvert by nature and is always inventing things. The residents of Moominvalley often ask Snork for help solving tricky problems and building machines. Snorks are like moomintrolls, but change colour according to their mood.
  • Too-Ticky:A wise woman, and good friend of the family. She has a boyish look, with a blue hat and a red-striped shirt. She dives straight into action to solve dilemmas in a practical way. Too-Ticky is the one of the people in Moominvalley who does not hibernate, instead spending the winter in the small changing shed and storehouse over the water at the end of the Moomin's summer landing stage.
  • Stinky:A small furry creature that always plays jokes on the family in the house, where he sometimes lives. He likes pinching things, is proud of his reputation as a crook, but always gets found out. He is simple and only thinks of himself.

Biographical interpretation

[edit]
Tove Janssonwith Moomin dolls

Critics have interpreted various Moomin characters as being inspired by real people, especially members of the author's family, and Tove Jansson spoke in interviews about the backgrounds of, and possible models for, her characters.[6]The first two books about the Moomins (The Moomins and the Great FloodandComet in Moominland) were published in 1945 and 1946 respectively, and deal with natural disasters; they were influenced by the upheavals of war and Jansson's depression during the war years.[7]The reception of the first two Moomin books was lukewarm at first; the second book got a little more attention than its predecessor, but its sales figures were still poor.[8]The third book,Finn Family Moomintroll,which was the first Moomin book translated into English, became the first international bestseller.[9]

Tove Jansson's life partner was the graphic artistTuulikki Pietilä,whose personality inspired the character Too-Ticky inMoominland Midwinter.[6][10]Moomintroll andLittle Myhave been seen as psychologicalself-portraitsof the artist.[6][10]The Moomins, generally speaking, relate strongly to Jansson's own family – they werebohemian,lived close to nature and were very tolerant towardsdiversity.[6][10][11]Moominpappa and Moominmamma are often seen as portraits of Jansson's parentsViktor JanssonandSigne Hammarsten-Jansson.[6][10][11]Most of Jansson's characters are on the verge ofmelancholy,such as the always formalHemulen,or the strangeHattifatteners,who travel in concerted, ominous groups. Jansson uses the differences between the characters' philosophies to provide a venue for her satirical impulses.[12]

List of books

[edit]
The Moomin books and Tove Jansson's biographies at theMoomin MuseuminTampere,Finland

The books in the series, in order, are:

  1. The Moomins and the Great Flood(Originally:Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen) – 1945.
  2. Comet in Moominland(Originally:Kometjakten/Kometen kommer) – 1946.
  3. Finn Family Moomintroll,Some editions:The Happy Moomins–(Originally:Trollkarlens hatt) – 1948.
  4. The Exploits of Moominpappa,Some editions:Moominpappa's Memoirs(Originally:Muminpappans bravader/Muminpappans memoarer)– 1950.
  5. Moominsummer Madness(Originally:Farlig midsommar) – 1954.
  6. Moominland Midwinter(Originally:Trollvinter) – 1957.
  7. Tales from Moominvalley(Originally:Det osynliga barnet) – 1962 (Short stories).
  8. Moominpappa at Sea(Originally:Pappan och havet) – 1965.
  9. Moominvalley in November(Originally:Sent i november) – 1970 (In which the Moomin family is absent).

All of the books in the main series exceptThe Moomins and the Great Flood(Originally:Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen) were translated and published in English between 1951 and 1971. This first book was eventually translated into English in 2005 by David McDuff and published bySchildtsof Finland for the 60th anniversary of the series. A later 2012 version of the same translation, featuring Jansson's new preface to the 1991 Scandinavian printing, was published in Britain bySort of Books,[13]and was more widely distributed.

There are also five Moomin picture books by Tove Jansson:

  1. The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My(Originally:Hur gick det sen?) – 1952.
  2. Who Will Comfort Toffle?(Originally:Vem ska trösta knyttet?) – 1960.
  3. The Dangerous Journey(Originally:Den farliga resan) – 1977.
  4. Skurken i Muminhuset(English:Villain in the Moominhouse) – 1980
  5. Visor från Mumindalen(English:Songs from Moominvalley) – 1993 (No English translation published).

The first official translation ofVillain in the Moominhouseby Tove Jansson historian Ant O'Neill was premiered in a reading at the ArchWay With Words literary festival on 25 September 2017.[14]

The books and comic strips have been translated from their original Swedish and English respectively into many languages.The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little Myis the first Moomin book to be adapted foriPad.

Comic strips

[edit]
Main article:Moomin comic strips

The Moomins also appeared in the form ofcomic strips.Their first appearance was in 1947 in the children's section of theNy Tidnewspaper,[15]and they were introduced internationally to English readers in 1954 in the popularLondonnewspaperThe Evening News.[16][17]Tove Janssondrew and wrote all the strips until 1959. She shared the work load with her brotherLars Janssonuntil 1961; after that he took over the job until 1975 when the last strip was released.[18]

Drawn & Quarterly,a Canadiangraphic novelpublisher, released reprints of allThe Evening Newsstrips created by both Tove and Lars Jansson beginning in October 2006.[19]The first five volumes,Moomin: The Complete Tove Jansson Comic Striphave been published, whilst the sixth volume, published in May 2011, beganMoomin: The Complete Lars Jansson Comic Strip.The 2015 publicationMoomin: The Deluxe Anniversary Editioncollected all of Tove's work.

In the 1990s, a comic book version of Moomin was produced in Scandinavia after Dennis Livson and Lars Jansson'sanimated serieswas shown on television. Neither Tove nor Lars Jansson had any involvement in these comic books; however, in the wake of the series, two new Moomin comic strips were launched under the artistic and content oversight of Lars and his daughter,Sophia Jansson-Zambra.Sophia now provides sole oversight for the strips.[16]

TV series and films

[edit]
Moominpappa and Moominmamma in the1978–82 Polish-Austrian series.

The story of the Moomins has been made into television series on many occasions by various groups, possibly the most well known of which is aJapanese–Dutchcollaboration, that has also produced afeature-length film.However, there are also two Soviet serials,puppet animationMumi-troll(Moomintroll) andcutout animationShlyapa Volshebnika(Magician's Hat) of three parts each, and thePolish–Austrianpuppet animationTV series,The Moomins,which was broadcast and became popular in an edited form in the United Kingdom in the 1980s.

Two feature films re-use the footage of the Polish-Austrian series:Moomin and Midsummer Madnesshad its release in 2008, and in 2010 the Moomins appear in the first Nordic3-D filmproduction, with the title song byBjörk,inMoomins and the Comet Chase.The animated film titledMoomins on the Rivierais based onMoomincomic strip storyMoomin on the Rivieraand was first released on 10 October 2014 in Finland[20]and made its premiere on 11 October 2014 atBFI London Film Festivalin United Kingdom.[21]In an October 2014 blog article atScreendaily,Sophia Janssonstates that the film's "artistic team has made an effort to be true to the original drawings and the original text".[22]

Screenshot from the1969 television seriesof Moomintroll with a rifle. Jansson was known to have a very negative attitude towards the controversial content of the series.[23][24]
The Moomins, from the1990 television series.From left to right, Sniff, Moominmamma, Moominpappa, Moomintroll (Moomin) and Little My.
  • Die Muminfamilie(The Moomin Family) 1959 West GermanmarionetteTV series, and its 1960 sequelSturm im Mumintal(Storm in Moominvalley)
  • Mūmin(Moomin), 1969–70 JapaneseanimeTV series
  • Mumintrollet(Moomintroll), 1969 Swedish-languagesuit actorTV series produced by Sveriges Radio (Swedish national radio company)
  • Shin Mūmin(New Moomin), 1972 JapaneseanimeTV series, remake of the 1969 series by the staff of its latter half
  • Mūmin(Moomin), 1971 Japanese traditional animation film
  • Mūmin(Moomin), 1972 Japanese traditional animation half-hour film[25]
  • Mumindalen(Moominvalley), 1973 Swedish suit actor TV series based onMoominland Midwinter
  • Mumi-troll(Moomintroll), 1978 Soviet Unionstop motionserial filmofComet in Moominland
  • Opowiadania Muminków(The Moomins), 1977–82 Austrian, German and Polish-produced "Fuzzy-Felt"stop motion TV series made in Poland. The series has been re-compiled a number of times in other formats:
  • Vem ska trösta knyttet?,1980 Swedish traditional animation half-hour film ofWho Will Comfort Toffle?
  • Shlyapa Volshebnika(Magician's Hat), 1980–83 Soviet Unioncutout animationserial film ofFinn Family Moomintroll,different staff andaesheticto the 1978 serial
  • Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka(Moomin), 1990–91 Dutch, Finnish and Japanese-produced traditionalanimeTV series made in Japan
  • Hur gick det sen?(What Happened Next?), 1993 Swedish short animation film ofThe Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My
  • Փոքրիկ տրոլների կյանքից(From the Life Of the Little Trolls), 2008 Armenian short animation film based onThe Last Dragon in the World(Historien om den sista draken i världen)[28]
  • Moomins on the Riviera,2014 French hand-drawn animated feature film, with a plot line taken from the comic strip.
  • Moominvalley,2019 Finnish and British-produced TV series, directed by Oscar-winnerSteve Box.A crowdfunded campaign was made on April 19, 2017 to make a new"TV-series Moominvalley".Archived fromthe originalon 2017-03-29.by Finnish company"Gutsy Animations".It successfully passed the campaign threshold.

Moomin music

[edit]

The Moomin novels describe the musical activities of the Moomins, particularly those of Snufkin, hisharmonicawith "trills" and "twiddles". All Moomin characters sing songs, often about their thoughts and themselves. The songs often serve as core statements of the characters' personalities.

Original songs

[edit]
The Moomin Voices CD release from 2003, arranged byMika Pohjola,in Swedish containingTove Jansson's original Moomin songs. A Finnish version was released in 2005.

This music was heard outside Moominvalley after they went live on theater stage inStockholm.DirectorVivica Bandlertold Jansson in 1959: "Listen, here the people want songs".[29]The earlier version of the play was cast inHelsinkiwith no music.

Helsinki based pianist and composerErna Taurowas commissioned to write the songs to lyrics by Jansson. The first collection consisted of six Moomin Songs (Sex muminvisor): Moomintroll's Song (Mumintrollets visa), Little My's Song (Lilla Mys visa), Mrs. Fillyjonk's Song (Fru Filifjonks sång), Theater Rat Emma's Words of Wisdom (Teaterråttan Emmas visdomsord), Misabel's Lament (Misans klagolåt) and Final Song (Slutsång).

More songs were published in the 1960s and 1970s, when Tove and Lars Jansson produced a series of Moomin dramas for Swedish Television. The simple, yet effective melodies by Tauro were well received by the theater and TV audiences. The first songs were either sung unaccompanied or accompanied by a pianist. While the most famous Moomin songs in Scandinavia are undoubtedly "Moomintroll's Song" and "Little My's Song", they appear in no context in the novels.

The original songs by Jansson and Tauro remained scattered after their initial release. The first recording of the complete collection was made in 2003 by composer and arrangerMika Pohjolaon theMoomin VoicesCD (Muminrösterin Swedish), as a tribute to the late Tove Jansson. Tauro had died in June 1993 and some of Jansson's last lyrics were composed by Pohjola in cooperation with Jansson's heirs. Pohjola was also the arranger of all songs for a vocal ensemble and chamber orchestra. All voices were sung byÅlandnative vocalist, Johanna Grüssner. The same recording has been released in a Finnish version in 2005,Muumilauluja.The Finnish lyrics were translated byKirsi KunnasandVexi Salmi.[30]

The Swedish and Finnish recordings of Moomin Voices, and their respective musical scores, have been used as course material atBerklee College of MusicinBoston,Massachusetts.[30]

The Moomin Voices Live Band (aka.Muumilauluja-bändi) is dedicated to exclusively performing the original lyrics and unaltered stories by Tove Jansson. This band is led by Pohjola on piano, with vocalists Mirja Mäkelä and Eeppi Ursin.[31]

Other musical adaptations

[edit]

Independent musical interpretations of the Moomins have been made for thenineties anime,byPierre Kartner,with translated versions being made including inPolandand theNordic countries.Their lyrics, however, often contain simple slogans and the music is written in a children's pop music style and contrast sharply with the original Moomin novels and Jansson's pictorial and descriptive, yet rhyming lyricism, as well as Erna Tauro's Scandinavian-style songs (visor), which are occasionally influenced byKurt Weill.

A Moomin opera was written in 1974 by the Finnish composerIlkka Kuusisto;Jansson designed the costumes.[32]

Musicscapes from Moominvalley is a four-part work based on the Moomin compositions of composer and producer Heikki Mäenpää. It was created on the basis of the original Moomin works for the Tampere Art Museum.[33]

Twenty new Moomin songs were produced in Finland by Timo Poijärvi and Ari Vainio in 2006. ThisFinnishalbum contains no original lyrics by Jansson. However, it is based on the novel,Comet in Moominland,and adheres to the original stories. The songs are performed bySamuli Edelmann,Sani,Tommi Läntinen,Susanna Haavistoand Jore Marjaranta and other established Finnish vocalists in the pop/entertainment genre. The same twenty compositions are also available as standalone multimedia CD postcards.

The Icelandic singerBjörkhas composed and performed the title song (Comet Song) for the film Moomins and the Comet Chase (2010). The lyrics were written by the Icelandic writerSjón.

In 2010, Russian composer Lex Plotnikoff (founder of symphonic metal bandMechanical Poet) released anew-age musicalbumHattifatteners: Stories from the Clay Shore,[34][35][36]accompanied by photos of moomin characters models by photographer/sculptor Tisha Razumovsky. Due to copyright issues, the album was later re-released asMistland Prattlers,with references to Moomins removed.

Theatre

[edit]
The Moomins and Tove Jansson perform on stage in 1949
Moomins Theatre show

Several stage productions have been made from Jansson's Moomin series, including a number that Jansson herself was involved in.

The earliest production was a 1949 theatrical version ofComet in Moominlandperformed atÅbo Svenska Teater.[32]

In the early 1950s, Jansson collaborated on Moomin-themed children's plays withVivica Bandler.By 1958, Jansson began to become directly involved in theater as Lilla Teater producedTroll i kulisserna(Troll in thewings), a Moomin play with lyrics by Jansson and music composed byErna Tauro.The production was a success, and later performances were held in Sweden and Norway,[10]including recently at theMalmö Opera and Music Theatrein 2011.[37]

Mischief and Mystery in Moominvalley, a production created by Get Lost and Found which included puppetry and a giant pop-up book set, toured the UK from 2018, with runs at London's Southbank Centre, Kew Gardens and the Manchester Literature Festival.[38]This production was written by Emma Edwards and Sophie Ellen Powell with puppets and set designed and made by Annie Brooks.

Video games

[edit]
Box art ofMoomin's Tale(2000) forGame Boy Color,developed bySunsoft

In 1997,Muumit ja Taikurin hattu[fi](The Moomins and the Hobgoblin's Hat) was developed by Norsk Strek AS and published byWSOY,later Nordic Softsales. It was only released for thePC.

In 2000,Moomin's Tale,developed and published bySunsoft,was released forGame Boy Color.The game is based on the 1990 TV series, where Moomintroll is the game's protagonist. The player goes through six different stories throughout the duration of the game.[39][40][41]

Two video games were released forNintendo DS,one exclusive to Japan.[42]Moomin Tani no Okurimonowas released in Japan on November 19, 2009. The game was never released in Finland or elsewhere than Japan and China.

On November 3, 2021, the music-themedadventure gameSnufkin: Melody of Moominvalleywas announced. The game features Snufkin as the protagonist, as he attempts to restore harmony within Moominvalley. The game is developed by Norwegian-basedindie gamecompany Hyper Games. The game's soundtrack features music fromIcelandicpost-rock bandSigur Rós,taken from their 2002 album( ).[43]The game was released forSteamandNintendo Switchin 2024.[44][45][46][41]

Theme parks and displays

[edit]

Moomin World

[edit]
Main article:Moomin World
Moomin HouseinMoomin World,Naantali,Finland

Moomin World(Muumimaailmain Finnish,Muminvärldenin Swedish) is the Moomin Theme Park especially for children. Moomin World is located on the island of Kailo beside the old town ofNaantali,near the city ofTurkuinWestern Finland.

The blueberry-coloured Moomin House is the main attraction; tourists are allowed to freely visit all five stories. It is also possible to see the Hemulen's yellow house, Moominmama's kitchen, the Fire Station, Snufkin's Camp, Moominpappa's boat, etc. Visitors may also meet Moomin characters there. Moomin World opens for the Summer season.

Moomin Ice Cave

[edit]

On December 26, 2020, the underground Moomin Ice Cave theme park was opened 30 meters underneath the Spa Hotel Vesileppis inLeppävirta(56 kilometres (35 mi) south ofKuopio). The Moomin Ice Cave includes Moomin-themedice sculptures,downhill skiing and other activities for families with children.[47][48]

Tampere Art Museum

[edit]
Main article:Moomin Museum

The Moominvalley of theTampereArt Museum is a museum devoted to the original works of Tove Jansson. It contains around 2,000 works. The museum is based on the Moomin books and has many original Moomin illustrations by Tove Jansson. The gem of the collection is a blue five-storey model of the Moominhouse, which had Tove Jansson as one of its builders. As a birthday present, the 20-year-old museum received asoundscapework based on the works of Tove Jansson, called Musicscapes from Moominvalley.

Interactive playroom

[edit]

An interactive playroom about the Moomins was located atScandinavia House,New York City,from November 11, 2006, till March 31, 2007.[49][50]

Akebono Children's Forest Park

[edit]
Japanese bus going to MoominValley Park

Akebono Children's Forest Park(あけぼの tử どもの sâm công viên,Akebono Kodomo no Mori Kōen),also called "Moomin Valley", is a Moomin themed park for children inHannō, Saitamain Japan that opened in July, 1997.[51][52]Tove Jansson had already in the 1970s given her personal permission to the city of Hannō to build a small Moomin-themed playground there.[53]

Metsä

[edit]
Main article:Metsä (theme park)

First announced in 2013, a new Moomin theme park,Metsä,was opened in March 2019 at Lake Miyazawa, Hannō. There are two zones: the free Metsä Village area, comprising lakefront restaurants and shops set among natural activities, and theMoominvalley Parksection offering attractions like Moominhouse and an art museum.[54]

The theme park has become very popular, with more than one million visitors during the first three months in 2019.[55]

Moomin shops

[edit]
Moomin Shop atHelsinki Airport

As of January 2019, there are 20 Moomin Shops around the world, offering an extensive range of Moomin-themed goods. Finland, home of the Moomins, has three stores. There are two stores in the UK, one in the US, six in Japan. China and Hong Kong each have one store. There are three in South Korea and three in Thailand. One store exists in Kraków, Poland.[56]

Moomin Cafes

[edit]

As of January 2018, there are 15 themed Moomin Cafes around the world – Finland, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, South Korea and Taiwan[57]– allowing diners to immerse themselves in the Moomin world. Diners can enjoy Moomin-inspired meals sitting at tables with larger-than-life plush versions of Moomin characters.[58]

[edit]

The Moomin Boom (muumibuumiin Finnish) started in the 1990s, whenDennis LivsonandLars Janssonproduced a 104-part animation series in Japan namedTales from Moominvalley,which was followed by a full-length movieComet in Moominland.Moomin books had always been steady bestsellers in Finland,Sweden,Estonia,LatviaandLithuania,but the animation started a new Moomin madness both in Finland and abroad, especially in Japan, where they are the official mascots of theDaieichain of shopping centers. A large merchandising industry was built around the Moomin characters, covering everything from coffee cups and T-shirts to plastic models. Even the former Finnish PresidentTarja Halonenhas been known to wear a Moomin watch.[59]New Moomin comic books and comic strips were published. Moomins were used to advertise Finland abroad: theHelsinki–Vantaa International Airportwas decorated with Moomin images andFinnairdecorated 2 of itsMD-11son routes to Japan with Moomin designs in 2006. In 2023, Finnair also decorated two of itsAirbus A350-900swith two of Moomin characters, Moomintroll and Snork Maiden to celebrate its 100th anniversary.[60]The peak of the Moomin Boom was the opening of theMoomin Worldtheme park inNaantali,Finland in 1993, which has become one of Finland's international tourist destinations.

The Moomin Boom has been criticized for commercializing the Moomins. Friends of Tove Jansson and many old Moomin enthusiasts have stressed that the newer animations banalize the original and philosophical Moomin world to harmless family entertainment. An antithesis for theDisneyland-like Moomin World theme park is the Moomin Museum of Tampere, which exhibits the original illustrations and hand-made Moomin models by Tove Jansson.

The Jansson family has kept the rights of Moomins and controlled the Moomin Boom. The artistic control is now in the hands of Lars Jansson's daughter,Sophia Jansson-Zambra.Wanting to keep the control over Moomins, the family has turned down offers fromThe Walt Disney Company.[7][61][62]

As of 2017,the Moomin brand is estimated to have a yearly retail value of €700 million per year.[63]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Meek, Margaret (2001).Children's Literature and National Identity.Stoke-on-Trent:Trentham Books. p. 4.ISBN978-1-85856-204-9.
  2. ^"Mumin | Schildts Förlags Ab".Schildts.asiakkaat.sigmatic.fi.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-03.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  3. ^Bruun S."HBL-serie del 3: Mumintrollet fanns i morbrors kök".Hufvudstadsbladet15/1/2017 (in Swedish)
  4. ^Ariste, Paul.1975l "Uusi sõeliseid." InSõnasõel3, p. 11. Tartu: Tartu Riiklik Ülikool.
  5. ^Brown, Ulla (November 2004)."A Quest for What Lies Hidden"(PDF).Outwrite.7:8–12. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2017-05-10.Retrieved2009-02-15.
  6. ^abcdeAhola, Suvi (2008)."Jansson, Tove (1914–2001)".Biografiakeskus.Fletcher, Roderick (trans.).Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.Archived fromthe originalon 31 January 2009.Retrieved4 February2009.
  7. ^abBosworth, Mark (2014-03-13)."Tove Jansson: Love, war and the Moomins".BBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 2017-04-13.Retrieved2017-02-28.
  8. ^Tolvanen, Juhani (2000).Muumisisarukset Tove ja Lars Jansson: Muumipeikko-sarjakuvan tarina(in Finnish). WSOY. p. 29.
  9. ^"Introduction to Moomin stories: Finn Family Moomintroll, 1948".Moomin.com.30 November 2015.Retrieved4 March2023.
  10. ^abcdeLiukkonen, Petri."Tove (Marika) Jansson".Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi).Finland:KuusankoskiPublic Library. Archived fromthe originalon 16 September 2008.
  11. ^abRahunen, Suvi (Spring 2007)."Om Översättning Av Kulturbunda Element Från Svenska Till Finska Och Franska I Två Muminböcker Av Tove Jansson"(PDF).University of Jyväskylä.Retrieved28 October2014.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  12. ^Philip Nel."Moomin: The Complete Tove Jansson Comic Strip. Vol. 1 by Tove Jansson".English.ufl.edu.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-04-13.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  13. ^"Tove Jansson | Sort of books".Sortof.co.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-04-06.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  14. ^"ArchWay With Words".ArchWayWithWords.co.uk.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-09-05.Retrieved2017-09-05.
  15. ^Marten, Peter. & Panzar, Katja (ed.).Starting a Great Adventure.Blue WingsMagazine. Nov. 2007.
  16. ^ab"När Mumin Erövrade Världen"(in Swedish).Ny Tid.1 December 2000. Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2007.Retrieved4 February2009.
  17. ^"D+Q to publish 'Moomin: the complete Tove Jasson comic strip'".Drawn & Quarterly.19 January 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 27 June 2008.Retrieved4 February2009.
  18. ^Räihä, Soile (Autumn 2005)."Tove Jansson, The Moomin Business and Finnish Children".University of Tampere.Archivedfrom the original on 29 December 2008.Retrieved4 February2009.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  19. ^Moomin: The Complete Tove Comic Strip [Drawn & Quarterly, Montreal].ISBN1-894937-80-5(Vol. 1)
  20. ^"Glamour on koitua Muumien kohtaloksi Rivieralla".Nordiskfilm.fi.29 May 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 16 October 2014.Retrieved1 July2014.(in Finnish)
  21. ^"The 58th BFI London Film Festival in partnership with American Express® announces full 2014 programme".4 September 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 8 September 2014.Retrieved8 September2014.
  22. ^Mitchell, Wendy (10 October 2014)."A new adventure for the Moomins".Archivedfrom the original on 17 October 2014.Retrieved11 October2014.
  23. ^Tove Jansson kauhistui väkivaltaisista muumeista –” Se tv-sarja oli Tovelle shokki”–Kotiliesi(in Finnish)
  24. ^Tiesitkö? 1970-luvun taitteessa Japanissa tehtiin kummallista Muumit-sarjaa, joissa ryypättiin ja tapettiin vihollinen keihäällä–Yle(in Finnish)
  25. ^"Mûmin (1972) - IMDb".Uk.imdb.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2012-10-24.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  26. ^"Original moomin enter".Archived fromthe originalon October 1, 2010.RetrievedMarch 17,2010.
  27. ^"Moomins and the Comet Chase".Archived fromthe originalon February 23, 2010.RetrievedApril 15,2010.
  28. ^"ReAnimania 2011 Catalog by Hagop Kazanjian".Issuu.com.28 June 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-03-10.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  29. ^Songbook "Visor från Mumindalen" foreword by Boel Westin. Bonniers, Stockholm, Sweden.
  30. ^ab"Moomin Voices".Moomin Voices. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-05.Retrieved2009-06-11.
  31. ^"The Official Website of Composer Pianist Producer MIKA POHJOLA".Archived fromthe originalon January 11, 2007.RetrievedJanuary 14,2007.
  32. ^ab"Biografiakeskus, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura".Kansallisbiografia.fi.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-17.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  33. ^Moominvalley 20 years by Tampere art museum publication, ISSN 0782-3746
  34. ^Hattifatteners: Stories From The Clay Shore— Look At Me
  35. ^Lex Plotnikoff "Hattifatteners. Stories from the Clay Shore"| moomi-troll.ru
  36. ^"Hattifatteners".Archived fromthe originalon February 4, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 17,2011.
  37. ^"Troll i kulisserna | Malmö Opera".Archived fromthe originalon August 25, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 1,2013.
  38. ^"Mischief and Mystery in Moominvalley".manchesterliteraturefestival.co.uk.2020-10-24.Retrieved2021-04-21.
  39. ^Moomin's Tale- Steam Games
  40. ^Moomin's Tale-IGN
  41. ^abSnufkin: Melody of Moominvalley is a new puzzler starring the Moomins-GamesRadar+
  42. ^"Moomins Games".Giant Bomb.Retrieved2022-05-05.
  43. ^"Sigur Rós will feature on the Snufkin: Melody of Moominvalley soundtrack".Eurogamer.net.2022-06-13. Archived fromthe originalon 2022-06-13.Retrieved2023-06-24.
  44. ^Snufkin - Melody of Moominvalley(Official Site)
  45. ^Hyper Games- Hypergames.no
  46. ^Moomin musical adventure Snufkin: Melody of Moominvalley looks lovely in first trailer-Eurogamer
  47. ^"Moomin Ice Cave".Retrieved2021-01-17.
  48. ^"The new ice sculptures and fun activities of the Moomin Ice Cave charms both adventurous and winter enthusiasts".Moomin.com.2020-12-26.Retrieved2021-01-17.
  49. ^"Family Fare: Meet The Moomins, Creatures in Residence".The New York Times.24 November 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-01-25.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  50. ^"Scandinavia House – The Nordic Center in America".Scandinavia House. Archived from the original on December 10, 2006.Retrieved2016-04-13.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  51. ^"Akebono-children park facility guidance".Hannō city. 2016-03-11.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-03-04.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  52. ^Elle (2013-01-12).""Moomin Valley", Akebono Children's Forest in Hanno City ".Saitama with Kids.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-04-13.Retrieved2016-04-13.
  53. ^Sirén, Vesa (5 June 2019)."Ihana Mörkö!".Helsingin Sanomat(in Finnish). pp. B 1–3.
  54. ^"Japan's Moomin Theme Park Opening Pushed Back to 2019".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 9 January 2018.Retrieved5 May2018.
  55. ^Andersen, Ivar (24 December 2019)."Mammorna flockas till Mumindalen – i Japan".Hufvudstadsbladet(in Swedish). Helsingfors. pp. 24–25.
  56. ^"Places - Moomin: Moomin".Archived fromthe originalon 2015-05-18.Retrieved2015-05-08.
  57. ^"Places – Moomin".moomin.com.Archived fromthe originalon 16 March 2017.Retrieved5 May2018.
  58. ^"Moomin, Japan's 'anti-loneliness' cafe, goes viral".cnn.com.15 May 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 10 March 2018.Retrieved5 May2018.
  59. ^Cord, David J. (2012).Mohamed 2.0.Helsingfors:Schildts & Söderströms.p. 155.ISBN978-951-52-2898-7.
  60. ^Petchenik, Ian (March 22, 2023)."Follow Finnair's 100th anniversary Moomin liveries".Flightradar24.RetrievedMarch 25,2023.
  61. ^Samson, Anna (2021-09-22)."How the Moomins became an anti-fascist symbol".Huck.Retrieved2022-09-22.
  62. ^"The Moomins are from Finland".FinnStyle.Retrieved2022-09-22.
  63. ^"Moomin with the times: Moomin Characters talks the future of this classic brand".licensing.biz.Archivedfrom the original on 9 January 2018.Retrieved5 May2018.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commonshas media related to:
Moomins(category)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moomins&oldid=1241976055"