Musgu language
| Musgu | |
|---|---|
| Mulwi | |
| Native to | Cameroon,Chad |
| Ethnicity | Musgum |
Native speakers | (160,000 cited 1993–2005)[1] |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mug |
| Glottolog | musg1254 |
Musguis a cluster of closely related language varieties of theBiu–Mandarasubgroup of theChadic languagesspoken inCameroonandChad.The endonym isMulwi.Blench (2006) classifies the three varieties as separate languages.[2]Speakers of the extinct related languageMuskumhave switched to one of these.[which?]
Names
[edit]Muzukis another name for the language. Another term,Mousgoum,is not used by the speakers themselves.[3]
Munjuk languages
[edit]Munjuk languages:[3]
- Munjuk
- Muzuk
- Beege
- Mpus
- Vulum
Munjuk,frommanjakay(H. Tourneux), refers to the a group of four related languages, not only Muzuk. Munjuk languages are spoken in northernMayo-DanayDepartment (arrondissements of Maga, Yele, and Kai-Kai in the Far North Region).[3]
BeegeandMpusare found in the flood plains of theLogone River,in (Logone-et-Charidepartment, Zina district);Diamarédepartment (Bogo district). Beege is found in the south (DjafgaandBegué) and Mpus in the north (inPouss).Vulumis found mainly in Chad.[3]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lateral | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | |||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ | ᵑɡ | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ɬ | (x) | h | |
| voiced | v | z | ɮ | ||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
- Sounds /tʃ, dʒ/ and prenasal sounds /ᵐb, ⁿd, ⁿdʒ, ᵑɡ/, may occur across different dialects.[4]
- /h/ can be heard as either glottal [h] or velar [x] among dialects.
- Sounds /b, k, ɡ/ occur as labialized [bʷ, kʷ, ɡʷ] when preceding a glide /w/.
- A glottal stop [ʔ] may also occur in different positions, but its phonemic status is unclear.[5]
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
- Other sounds as /y, ø/ may occur across different dialects.
References
[edit]- ^MusguatEthnologue(25th ed., 2022)
- ^Blench, 2006.The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List(ms)
- ^abcdBinam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012).Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM)[Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA.ISBN9789956796069.
- ^Tourneux, Henry (2011).Le Munjuk.Les langues d’Afrique et de l’Asie du Sud-Ouest. pp. 258–266.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Meyer-Bahlburg, Hilke (1972).Studien zur Morphologie und Syntax des Musgu.Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
