Music of Ireland

Thebodhrán,a traditional Irish drum.

Irish musicis music that has been created in various genres on the island ofIreland.

The indigenous music of the island is termedIrish traditional music(or Irish folk music). It has remained vibrant through the 20th and into the 21st century, despite globalising cultural forces. In spite of emigration and mass exposure to music fromBritainand theUnited States,Ireland’s traditional music has kept many of its elements and has itself influenced other forms of music, such ascountryandroots musicin the United States, which in turn have had some influence on modernrock music.Irish folk music has occasionally been fused withpunk rock,electronic rockand other genres. Some of these fusion artists have attained mainstream success, at home and abroad.

In art music, Ireland has a history reaching back toGregorian chantsin theMiddle Ages,choralandharpmusic of the Renaissance,courtmusic of the Baroqueand earlyClassical period,as well as manyRomantic,late Romantic and twentieth-centurymodernist music.It is still a vibrant genre with many composers and ensembles writing and performingavant-garde art musicin the classical tradition.

On a smaller scale, Ireland has also produced manyjazzmusicians of note, particularly after the 1950s.

Early Irish music

A 16th centuryIrish Warpipeplayer

By the High and Late Medieval Era, theIrish annalswere listing native musicians, such as the following:

• 921BC: Cú Congalta, priest of Lann-Leire, the Tethra (i. e. the singer or orator) for voice, personal form and knowledge, died.
• 1011: Connmhach Ua Tomhrair, priest and chief singer ofCluain-mic-Nois,died.
• 1168:Amhlaeibh Mac Innaighneorach,chief ollamh of Ireland in harp-playing, died.
• 1226:Aed mac Donn Ó Sochlachain,erenagh ofCong,a man eminent for chanting and for the right tuning of harps and for having made an instrument for himself which none had made before, distinguished also in every art such as poetry, engraving and writing and in every skilled occupation, died.
• 1269:Aed Ó Finn,master of music and minstrelsy, died.
• 1329:Maol Ruanaidh Cam Ó Cearbhaill,tiompanist,murdered during the Braganstown Massacre inCounty Louth.
• 1330:Mael Sechlainn Mac Carmaic,a general entertainer, died.
• 1343:Donnchad Clereach Ó Maol Braonáin,achoralcanonofElphin,was killed by an arrow.
• 1357:Donn Shléibhe Mac Cerbaill,an accomplished musician... died.
• 1360:Gilla na Naem Ó Conmaigh,musicollamhofThomond... died.
• 1361.Magraith Ó Fionnachta,Chief Musician andTiompanistto theSíol Muireadaigh,died.
• 1364: Bran Ó Brain, a skilful tympanist... died.
• 1369: John Mac Egan, and Gilbert Ó Bardan, two accomplished young harpers ofConmaicne,died.
• 1469: Ruaidrí mac Donnchad Ó Dálaigh, the most musical-handed harpist in all Ireland.
• 1490: Diarmait MacCairbre, harper, was executed.
• 1553: Tadhg, son of Ruaidhri Ó Comhdhain, i.e. the ollamh ofÉireandAlbain music, died.
• 1561:Naisse mac Cithruadh,drowned onLough Gill.
• 1589. DaighreÓ Duibhgeannáin,a most affable, musical man, died.

Modern interpretation

Early Irish poetry and song has been translated into modern Irish and English by notable Irish poets, song collectors and musicians.The 6th century hymnRop tú mo bailebyDallán Forgaillfor example, was published in 1905 in English byMary Elizabeth Byrne,and is widely known asBe Thou My Vision.The Blackbird of Belfast Lough(Old Irish:Int én bec;Irish:An t-éan beag) has been notably translated by poets such asSeamus Heaney,Ciaran CarsonandFrank O'Connor.Notable recordings of modern interpretations of early Irish music includePádraigín Ní Uallacháin'sSongs of the Scribe,various music albums by choral groupAnúna,and the recordings ofCaitríona O'Learywith Dúlra and the eX Ensemble.

Early Irish musicians abroad

Some musicians were acclaimed in places beyond Ireland.Cú Chuimne(died 747) lived much of his adult life in Gaelic Scotland, and composed at least one hymn.Foillan,who was alive in the seventh century, travelled through much of Britain and France; around 653 at the request of St. Gertrude of Brabant, taughtpsalmodyto her nuns at Nievelle.Tuotilo(c.850–c. 915), who lived in Italy and Germany, was noted both as a musician and a composer.

Helias of Cologne(died 1040), is held to be the first to introduceRoman chanttoCologne.His contemporary,Aaron Scotus(died 18 November 1052) was an acclaimed composer ofGregorian chantin Germany.

Donell Dubh Ó Cathail(c. 1560s-c.1660), was not only musician ofViscount Buttevant,but, with his uncleDonell Óge Ó Cathail,harper toElizabeth I.

Early modern times

Up to the seventeenth century, harp musicians were patronised by the aristocracy in Ireland. This tradition died out in the eighteenth century with the collapse ofGaelic Ireland.Turlough Carolan(1670–1738) is the best known of those harpists,and over 200 of his compositions are known. Some of his pieces use elements of contemporary baroque music, but his music has entered the tradition and is played by many folk musicians today.Edward Buntingcollected some of the last-known Irish harp tunes at theBelfast Harp Festivalin 1792. Other important collectors of Irish music includeFrancis O'NeillandGeorge Petrie.

Other notable Irish musicians of this era includedCearbhall Óg Ó Dálaigh(fl. c. 1630);Piaras Feiritéar(1600?–1653);William Connellan(fl. mid-17th century) and his brother,Thomas Connellan(c. 1640/1645–1698), composers;Dominic Ó Mongain(alive 18th century);Donnchadh Ó Hámsaigh(1695–1807); poet and songwriterEoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin(1748–1782);Arthur O'Neill(fl. 1792);Patrick Byrne(c.1794–1863); world-renowned piperTarlach Mac Suibhne(c. 1831–1916); poet and songwriterColm de Bhailís(1796–1906).

Traditional music

Main article:Irish traditional music

A traditional music session, known in some circles inIrishas aseisiún,a word invented in the 1990s.

AnIrish bouzouki

Irish traditional music includes many kinds of songs, including drinking songs,balladsandlaments,sung unaccompanied or with accompaniment by a variety of instruments. Traditionaldance musicincludesreels(4/4),hornpipesandjigs(the common double jig is in 6/8 time).Thepolkaarrived at the start of the nineteenth century, spread by itinerant dancing masters and mercenary soldiers, returning from Europe.Set dancingmay have arrived in the eighteenth century.Later imported dance-signatures include themazurkaand the highlands (a sort of Irished version of the Scottishstrathspey).

TheIrish fiddlewas said by one nationalist researcher to have been played in Ireland since the 8th century, although this has never been proved by texts or artifacts.Thebagpipeshave a long history of being associated with IrelandGreat Irish warpipeswere once commonly used in Ireland especially in battle as far back as the 15th century.

A revival of Irish traditional music took place around the turn of the 20th century. The buttonaccordionand theconcertinawere becoming common.Irish stepdancewas performed atcéilís,organised competitions and at some country houses where local and itinerant musicians were welcome.Irish dancing was supported by the educational system and patriotic organisations. An older style of singing calledsean-nós( "in the old style" ), which is a form oftraditional Irish singingwas still found, mainly for very poetic songs in theIrish language.

From 1820 to 1920 over 4,400,000 Irish emigrated to the US, creating an Irish diaspora in Philadelphia, Chicago (seeFrancis O'Neill), Boston, New York and other cities.O'Neill made the first recordings of Irish music onEdisonwax cylinders.Later, Irish musicians who were successful in the USA made commercial recordings which found their way around the world and re-invigorated musical styles back in the homeland.For example, American-based fiddlers likeMichael Coleman,James MorrisonandPaddy Killorandid much to popularise Irish music in the 1920s and 1930s, whileEd Reavycomposed over a hundred tunes that have since entered the tradition in both Ireland and the diaspora.

Brian Boru's March with traditional flute performed by the U.S. Marine Band.

After a lull in the 1940s and 1950s, when (except forCéilidh bands) traditional music was at a low ebb,Seán Ó Riada'sCeoltóirí Chualann,The Chieftains,Tom Lenihan,The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem,The Irish Rovers,The Dubliners,Ryan's FancyandSweeney's Menwere in large part responsible for a second wave of revitalisation of Irish folk music in the 1960s. Several of these were featured in the 2010 TV movie "My Music: When Irish Eyes are Smiling".Sean O'Riada in particular was singled out as a force who did much for Irish music, through programming on Radio Éireann in the late 1940s through the 1960s. He worked to promote and encourage the performing of traditional Irish music, and his work as a promoter and performer led directly to the formation of the Chieftains. His work inspired the likes ofPlanxty,The Bothy BandandClannadin the 70s. Later came such bands asStockton's Wing,De Dannan,Altan,Arcady,DervishandPatrick Street,along with a wealth of individual performers.

More and more people play Irish music and new bands emerge every year such asTéada,Gráda,Dervish,andLúnasa.

Classical music in Ireland

John Field,one of Ireland's foremost classical composers.

There is evidence of music in the "classical" tradition since the early 15th century when a polyphonic choir was established at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, and "city musicians" were employed in the major cities and towns, who performed on festive occasions. In the 18th century, Dublin was known as the "Second City" of the British Isles, with an active musical life culminating in, among other events, the first performance ofHandel's famous oratorioMessiah.Theballad operatrend, caused by the success of theBeggar's Opera,has left noticeable traces in Ireland, with many works that influenced the genre in England and on the continent, by musicians such asCharles CoffeyandKane O'Hara.

Composers of note

Apart from the harper-composers of the 16th century, composers in the 16th and 17th century usually came from a Protestant Anglo-Irish background, as due to the discrimination of Catholics no formal musical education was available to them. Composers were often associated with eitherDublin Castleor one of the Dublin cathedrals (St Patrick'sandChrist Church). These include immigrants in the 18th century such asJohann Sigismund Cousser,Matthew Dubourg,andTommaso Giordani.Thomas Roseingraveand his brother Ralph were prominent Irish baroque composers. Among the next generation of composers were the Cork-bornPhilip Cogan(1750–1833), a prominent composer of piano music including concertos,John Andrew Stevenson(1761–1833), who is best known for his publications ofIrish Melodieswith poetThomas Moore,who also wrote operas, religious music, catches, glees, odes, and songs. In the early 19th century Irish-born composers dominated English-language opera in England and Ireland, includingCharles Thomas Carter(c.1735–1804),Michael Kelly(1762–1826),Thomas Simpson Cooke(1782–1848),William Henry Kearns(1794–1846),Joseph Augustine Wade(1801–1845) and, later in the century,Michael W. Balfe(1808–1870) andWilliam Vincent Wallace(1812–1865).John Field(1782–1837) has been credited with the creation of the Nocturne form, which influencedFrédéric Chopin.John William Glover(1815–1899),Joseph Robinson(1815–1898) andRobert Prescott Stewart(1825–1894) kept Irish classical music in Dublin alive in the 19th century, while mid-19th-century emigrants includeGeorge William TorranceandGeorge Alexander Osborne.Charles Villiers Stanford(1852–1924) andHamilton Harty(1879–1941) were among the last emigrants in Irish music, combining a late romantic musical language with Irish folklorism. Their contemporary in Ireland was the Italian immigrantMichele Esposito(1855–1929), a figure of seminal importance in Irish music who arrived in Ireland in 1882. The years after Irish independence were a difficult period in which composers tried to find an identifiable Irish voice in an anti-British climate, which included ressentiments against classical music as such. The development of Irish broadcasting in the 1920s and the gradual enlargement of the Radio Éireann Orchestra in the late 1930s improved the situation. Important composers in these years wereJohn F. Larchet(1884–1967),Ina Boyle(1889–1967),Arthur Duff(1899–1956),Aloys Fleischmann(1910–1992),Frederick May(1911–1985),Joan Trimble(1915–2000), andBrian Boydell(1917–2000). The middle decades of the 20th century were also shaped byA.J. Potter(1918–1980),Gerard Victory(1921–1995),James Wilson(1922–2005),Seán Ó Riada(1931–1971),John Kinsella(1932–2021), andSeóirse Bodley(1933–2023). Prominent names among the older generation of composers in Ireland today areFrank Corcoran(b. 1944),Eric Sweeney(1948–2020),John Buckley(b. 1951),Gerald Barry(b. 1952),Raymond Deane(b. 1953),Gearóid Ó Deaghaidh(b. 1954),Patrick Cassidy(b. 1956), andFergus Johnston(b. 1959) (see alsoList of Irish classical composers).

Performers of note

Performers of note in classical music includeCatherine Hayes(1818–1861), Ireland's first great internationalprima donnaand the first Irish woman to perform at La Scala in Milan; tenorBarton McGuckin(1852–1913), a much-demanded singer in the late 19th century; tenorJoseph O'Mara(1864–1927), a very prominent singer around the turn of the century; tenorJohn McCormack(1884–1945), the most celebrated tenor of his day; opera singerMargaret Burke-Sheridan(1889–1958); pianistCharles Lynch(1906–1984); tenorJosef Locke(1917–1999) achieved global success and was the subject of the 1991 filmHear My Song;the concert flautistSir James Galwayand pianistBarry Douglas.Douglas achieved fame in 1986 by claiming theInternational Tchaikovsky Competitiongold medal. Mezzo-sopranosBernadette GreevyandAnn Murrayhave also had success internationally.

Choral music

Anúna.

Choral music has been practised in Ireland for centuries, initially at the larger churches such asChrist Church Cathedral,St Patrick's Cathedral,andSt Mary's Pro-Cathedral,as well as the University of Dublin Choral Society (founded in 1837).

Founded and directed by composerMichael McGlynnin 1987,Anúnacontributed significantly to raising the profile of choral music, particularly through their contributions toRiverdancewhich they were a part of from 1994 to 1996. They were nominated for a Classical Brit Award in the UK and appeared at theBBC Promsseries in theRoyal Albert Hallin 1999. In 2012 they featured as the voices of Hell in the video gameDiablo III.In February 2018 the group won the Outstanding Ensemble category of the Annual Game Music Awards 2017 for their contributions to the video gameXenoblade Chronicles 2.

TheChamber Choir Ireland,formerly National Chamber Choir of Ireland, is principally funded by theArts Council of Ireland.Their artistic director isPaul Hillier.The choir has produced a number of CDs with international (including Irish) repertoire. There are many semi-professional choirs in Ireland at local level, too. Many perform and compete at the annualCork International Choral Festival(since 1954).

Opera

Although Ireland has never had a purpose-built opera house (theCork Opera Houseis a multi-purpose theatre), opera has been performed in Ireland since the 17th century. In the 18th century, Ireland was a centre forballad operaand created important works that helped to develop the genre in the direction of operetta, with works byCharles CoffeyandKane O'Hara.Nationally identifiable Irish operas have been written by immigrants such asTommaso GiordaniandJohann Bernhard Logieras well as by native composers such asJohn Andrew StevensonandThomas Simpson Cooke,continued in the 19th century with works byJohn William GloverandPaul McSwiney.Michael William BalfeandVincent Wallacewere the most prominent representatives of mid-19th-century English-language operas.

The Celtic Renaissance after 1900 created works such asMuirgheis(1903) byThomas O'Brien Butler,Connla of the Golden Hair(1903) by William Harvey Pélissier,Eithne(1909) byRobert O'Dwyer,andThe Tinker and the Fairy(1910) byMichele Esposito.MuirgheisandEithnehave librettos in Irish, as have a number of works byGeoffrey Molyneux Palmerand several 1940s and '50s works byÉamonn Ó Gallchobhair.Most of the Irish operas written since the 1960s have a contemporary international outlook, with important works byGerard Victory,James Wilson,Raymond Deane,Gerald Barry,and a number of young composers since the turn of the century.

There have been subsequent attempts to revive the Irish-language tradition in opera. A brother-sister team previewed sections of the operaClann Tuireannpublicly,and in 2017 musicianJohn Spillanetold theEvening Echothat he was then working on a Gaelic opera to be titledLegends of the Lough.

Wexford Festival Operais a major international festival that takes place every October and November.

Popular music

Early popular performers

Performers of popular music began appearing as early as the late 1940s;Delia Murphypopularised Irish folk songs that she recorded forHMVin 1949;Margaret Barryis also credited with bringing traditional songs to the fore; Donegal'sBridie Gallaghershot to fame in 1956 and is considered 'Ireland's first international pop star';Belfast-born singerRuby Murrayachieved unprecedented chart success in the UK in the mid-1950s; Dublin nativeCarmel Quinnemigrated to the US and became a regular singer onArthur Godfrey's Talent Scoutsand appeared frequently on other TV variety shows in the 1950s and '60s.The Bachelorswere an all-male harmony group from Dublin who had hits in the UK, Europe, US, Australia and Russia;Mary O'Harawas a soprano and harpist who was successful on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1950s and early 1960s; Waterford croonerVal Doonicanhad a string of UK hits and presented his own TV show on the BBC from 1965 to 1986.

Showbands in Ireland

Main article:Irish showband

IrishShowbandswere a major force in Irish popular music, particularly in rural areas, for twenty years from the mid-1950s. The showband played in dance halls and was loosely based on the six or seven pieceDixielanddance band. The basic showband repertoire included standard dance numbers,cover versionsof pop music hits, ranging fromrock and roll,country and westerntojazzstandards. Key to the showband's success was the ability to learn and perform songs currently in therecord charts.They sometimes playedIrish traditionalorCéilidh musicand a few included self-composed songs.

Country and Irish

Main article:Country and Irish

With the rise in popularity ofAmerican country music,a new subgenre developed in Ireland known as 'Country and Irish'. It was formed by mixing American Country music with Irish influences, incorporating Irish folk music. This often resulted in traditional Irish songs being sung in a country music style. It is especially popular in the rural Midlands and North-West of the country. It also remains popular among Irish emigrants in Great Britain.Big Tom and The Mainlinerswere the first major contenders in this genre, having crossed over from the showband era of the 1960s. Other major artists werePhilomena BegleyandMargo,the latter even being bestowed the unofficial title ofQueen of Country & Irish.The most successful performer in the genre today isDaniel O'Donnell,who has garnered success in the UK, US and Australia.O'Donnell's frequent singing partnerMary Duffhas also had success in this genre and most recently County Carlow nativeDerek Ryanhas enjoyed Irish chart hits doing this type of music.

Fusion

Traditional music played a part in Irish popular music later in the century, withClannad,Van Morrison,Hothouse FlowersandSinéad O'Connorusing traditional elements in popular songs.Enyaachieved international success withNew Age/Celtic fusions. TheAfro-Celt Sound Systemachieved fame adding West African influences and electronic dance rhythms in the 1990s while bands such asKílafuse traditional Irish with rock and world music representing the Irish tradition at world music festivals across Europe and America. The most notable fusion band in Ireland was Horslips, who combined Irish themes and music with heavy rock.The Shamrock Wingsis a Colombian band that fuses Irish music with Caribbean rhythms.

Riverdanceis a musical and dancing interval act which originally starredMichael FlatleyandJean Butlerand featuring the choirAnúna.It was performed during theEurovision Song Contest 1994as "Riverdance".Popular reaction to the act was so immense that an entire musical revue was built around the act.

Pop/Rock

Main article:Irish rock

The 1960s saw the emergence of major Irish rock bands and artists, such asThem,Van Morrison,Emmet Spiceland,Eire Apparent,Skid Row,Taste,Rory Gallagher,Dr. Strangely Strange,Thin Lizzy,Gary Moore,Mellow Candle.

Thin Lizzy in concert, 1981

In 1970Danaput Ireland on the pop music map by winning the Eurovision Song Contest with her songAll Kinds of Everything.She went to number one in the UK and all over Europe and paved the way for many Irish artists.Gilbert O'Sullivanwent to the top of the charts on both sides of the Atlantic in 1972 with a string of hits, and the all-sister line-up ofThe Nolansgained international chart success in the late 1970s.Chris de Burghachieved international acclaim with his 1986 hit "Lady in Red".

Some groups who formed during the emergence ofpunk rockin the mid-late 1970s includedU2,Virgin Prunes,The Boomtown Rats,The Undertones,Aslan,Gavin Friday,andStiff Little Fingers.Later in the 80s and into the 90s, Irish punk fractured into new styles ofalternative rock,which includedThat Petrol Emotion,In Tua Nua,Fatima Mansions,My Bloody ValentineandAsh.In the 1990s, pop and rock bands likeThe Corrs,B*Witched,Boyzone,WestlifeandThe Cranberriesemerged. In the same decade, Ireland also contributed a subgenre offolk metalknown asCeltic metalwith exponents of the genre includingCruachan,Primordial,Geasa,andWaylander.

In recent decades Irish music in many different genres has been very successful internationally; however, the most successful genres have been rock, popular and traditional fusion, with performers such as (in alphabetical order): Altan, The Answer, Ash, Aslan, Aphex Twin, B*Witched, Bell X1, Frances Black, Mary Black, The Blizzards, The Bothy Band, Brendan Bowyer, Boyzone, Paul Brady, Jimmy Buckley, Chris de Burgh, Paddy Casey, The Cast of Cheers, Celtic Thunder, Celtic Woman, The Chieftains, The Clancy Brothers, Clannad, Codes, Rita Connolly, The Coronas, The Corrs, Phil Coulter, Nadine Coyle(ofGirls Aloud), The Cranberries, Peter Cunnah(ofD:Ream), Dana, De Dannan, Cathy Davey, Damien Dempsey, The Divine Comedy, Joe Dolan, Val Doonican, Ronnie Drew, The Dubliners, Mary Duff, Duke Special,EDEN, Enya, Julie Feeney, Fight Like Apes, Fontaines D.C., Mick Flannery, The Frames, The Fureys, Bridie Gallagher, Rory Gallagher, Lisa Hannigan, Glen HansardofThe Frames, Keith Harkin, Gemma Hayes,The High Kings, Niall Horan(ofOne Direction), Horslips, The Hothouse Flowers, Hozier, In Tua Nua, Andy Irvine, Laura Izibor, Gavin James, Jape, Jerry Fish & The Mudbug Club, Siva Kaneswaran(ofThe Wanted), Dolores Keane, Sean Keane, Luke Kelly, Dermot Kennedy, Keywest, Kíla, James Kilbane, Kodaline, Jack L, Johnny Logan, Dónal Lunny, Phil LynottandThin Lizzy, Tommy Makem, Imelda May, Eleanor McEvoy, Christy Moore, Gary Moore, Van Morrison, Moving Hearts, Samantha Mumba, Mundy, Róisín Murphy, Ruby Murray, My Bloody Valentine, Declan Nerney, Maura O'Connell, Sinéad O'Connor, Daniel O'Donnell, Annmarie O'Riordan, Declan O'Rourke, Gilbert O'Sullivan, Picturehouse, Picture This, Pillow Queens, Planxty, Carmel Quinn, Republic of Loose, Damien Rice, The Riptide Movement, Dickie Rock, Derek Ryan, The Saw Doctors, The Script, Sharon Shannon, Pa Sheehy(ofWalking on Cars), Snow Patrol, Something Happens, Davy Spillane, Stiff Little Fingers, Stockton's Wing, The Strypes, Tebi Rex, Therapy?, The Thrills, The Undertones, Walking on Cars, The Wolfe Tones, Two Door Cinema Club, U2, VerseChorusVerse, Villagers, Westlife, Bill Whelan, Finbar Wright, all achieving success nationally and internationally.

Best selling Irish acts of all time

Irish acts	Sold	Genre	Years active	Notes
1.U2	170 Million +	Rock	1976 – present(46 Years)
2.Enya	80 Million +	Celtic/new-age	1986 – present(36 Years)
3.Westlife	55 Million +	Pop	1998 – 2012, 2018 – present(20 Years)
4.The Cranberries	50 Million +	Rock	1990–2003, 2009–2019(23 Years)

Top 5 'most standout' Irish acts of all time

In 2010,PRS for Musicconducted research to show which five Irish musicians orbandsthe public considered to be the 'most standout'.U2topped the list with sixty-eight percentwhileWestlife,Van Morrison,BoyzoneandThe Cranberriescame in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th, respectively. The research also suggested that the 'top-five' had sold over 341 millionalbumsup to March 2010.

Irish act	Percent	Genre
1.U2	68	Rock
2.Westlife	10.5	Pop
3.Van Morrison	10	Soul
4.Boyzone	7.5	Pop
5.The Cranberries	4	Rock

See also

• Celtic music
• Sean-nós singing
• Lilting
• Irish traditional music session
• List of Irish ballads
• Irish rebel music
• List of Irish musicians
• List of All-Ireland Champions
• List of Irish music collectors
• List of Irish musical groups
• List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
• List of songs that reached number one on the Irish Singles Chart
• One Hit Wonders in Ireland

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• White, Harry & Boydell, Barra:The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland(Dublin: UCD Press, 2013).
• Zimmermann, Georges-Denis:Songs of Irish Rebellion. Political Street Ballads and Rebel Songs, 1780–1900(Dublin: Allen Figgis, 1967; 2nd ed. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2002).

External links

• Irish Traditional Music Archive
• A History of Irish Music, by W. H. Flood
• Contemporary Music Centre, Dublin– national resource and archive centre for contemporary Irish classical music
• Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann– global movement promoting Irish traditional music and culture
• TheSession.org– an online tune database and discussion site for adherents of Irish Traditional Music
• IRMA.ie – The Irish Recorded Music Association
• Oriel Arts Project– Arts Council-funded website on research ofOrielsong, harp and fiddle
• BreakingTunes.com– Arts Council of Ireland Website that specialises in the promotion of contemporary Irish Music
• Vashon Celtic Tunes– Irish (mostly) dance tunes with sheet music and chords
• TTA – The Traditional Tune Archive– The Traditional Tune Archive: The Semantic Index of North American, British and Irish traditional instrumental music with annotation, formerly known as "The Fiddler's Companion"