Mustafa Pasha Bushatli

Mustafa Pasha Bushati
Mustafa Pasha Bushati
Born	1797; Scutari,Pashalik of Scutari,Ottoman Empire(modern ShkodërAlbania)
Died	May 27, 1860 (aged 62/63); Medina,Habesh Eyalet,Ottoman Empire(modernSaudi Arabia)
Allegiance	Ottoman Empire
Active	1810–60
Relations	Kara Mahmud Bushatli(Brother)

Mustafa Pasha Bushatli(Turkish:Buşatlı Mustafa Paşa,1797 – May 27, 1860), calledIshkodrali( "from Scutari" ), was a semi-independentAlbanian Ottomanstatesman, the last hereditary governor of thePashalik of Scutari.^[1]In 1810 he succeededIbrahim Bushatiand ruled Shkodër until 1831.

History

Mustafa was the brother of the powerfulKara Mahmud Bushatli.He succeeded his uncle,Ibrahim Pashainc.1810 and received the rank ofVizierin 1812 and continued to rule the Pashaluk of Shkodra as an independent ruler.^[1]

In 1820, thesanjak of Beratwas appropriated to him.^[1]

Mustafa led a mercenary army in the early stages of theGreek War of Independence.In 1823 a campaign of 8,000 Albanian troops (according to Finlay),^[2]in Western Greece was led by Mustafa Pasha andOmer Vrioni;^[3]On August 24, 1823,Markos Botsarisand 350^[2]Souliotesattacked the army of Mustafa Pashanear Karpenisi,^[4]attempting to stop the Ottoman advance.^[3]The battle ended in Ottoman defeat, and Botsaris was killed in action.^[4]

In 1824 the sanjaks ofOhridandElbasanwere appropriated to him, and he received the title ofserasker.^[1]

As his father, Mustafa aimed at greater independence, and whenMahmud II'sOttoman military reform effortsthreatened to deprive him of his hereditary rights and privileges, he became hostile to the sultan and maintained friendly relations with Serbian PrinceMiloš Obrenović,thediscontented BosniaksandMuhammad Ali of Egypt.^[1]Thus, he was passive in the early stage of theRusso-Turkish War (1828–29),only in May 1829 he appeared with his Albanians on the Danube (Vidin, Rahovo), then continued to Sofia and Philippopolis, without taking active part in the fighting.^[1]

Informed in 1831 that his rule had been termed, Mustafa Pasha gathered an Albanian Muslim alliance against the Ottomans and he invited the Serbs to fight in return for Nis.^[5]

With the conclusion of peace, the Porte, in 1831, demanded that Mustafa hand over the districts of Dukakin, Debar, Elbasan, Ohrid and Trgovište to Grand VizierReşid Mehmed Pasha,and to implement certain reforms in Scutari.^[1]Mustafa resisted, and with the financial and moral support of Prince Miloš, he led an army against the Grand Vizier in mid-March 1831.^[1]He was joined by other pashas of northern Albania andKosovowho objected the reforms.^[1]The rebels had some success, including occupying Sofia, but they were routed at Skopje by the Grand Vizier's regular troops in the beginning of May 1831.^[1]Mustafa retreated via Skoplje and Prizren and fortified himself in Scutari.^[1]After a six-month long siege, he surrendered on 10 November 1831.^[1]On Metternich's petition, he was pardoned and taken to Constantinople.^[1]

After 15 years, he was again a governor, in theAnkara Eyalet(from 1846).^[1]

Next, he was appointed the governor of theHerzegovina Eyalet,and appeared on May 22, 1853.^[6]According to Serbian sources, he was fair, and if someone wronged, he could let it pass. During his office, thehajdukbands multiplied to the extent that he was afraid that he would be captured in the night inMostarand killed.^[6]

His last office was inMedinawhere he died on May 27, 1860.^[1]

Annotations

He was often called by the demonymIşkodralı.^[1]In modern historiography, he is known in English-language works as "Mustafa Pasha Bushatli".^[1]In Serbian, he is known asMustafa-paša Bušatlija(Мустафа-паша Бушатлија).Robert Elsiecalls him by the Albanian neologism^{[need quotation to verify]}"Mustafa Reshiti Pasha Bushatlliu".^[4]

References

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^qFirst Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936.BRILL. 1993. p. 765.ISBN 90-04-09796-1.
^^a ^bFinlay George, History of the Greek Revolution, volume II, page 6-9
^^a ^bDakin, Douglas (1 January 1973).The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821-1833.University of California Press. p. 99.ISBN 978-0-520-02342-0.
^^a ^b ^cElsie, Robert (24 December 2012).A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History.I.B.Tauris. pp. 44–.ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3.
^Bitis, Alexander (2000).'THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND THE EASTERN QUESTION, 1821-34' Ph.D. ALEXANDER BITIS THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE(PDF)(The southern Albanians were eventually overcome but the real challenge lay in the north where the unpredictable Mustapha ruled over the powerful Pashalik of Skodra. Informed in January 1831 that his rule was terminated, Mustapha decided to fight. His idea was to construct a broad alliance of all the Balkan Muslims who opposed the Sultan’s European-style reforms as well as the Serbs, whom he offered the town of Nish as an incentivetofight. ed.).Retrieved10 April2020.
^^a ^bProkopije Čokorilo; Joanikije Pamučina; Staka Skenderova (1976).Ljetopisi.Veselin Masleša. p. 69.Послије Смаил-паше, за нашег валију и главнокомандујућег именован је Мустафа-паша Бушатлија,65 родом из Скадра, те нам је дошао 22. маја 1853. године. Он се правио правичним чо- вјеком, и, ако је неко скривио, наређивао је да га мало „пропуш- ће кроз руке "али, свакако, јаче хришћанина него Муслимана. За вријеме његове управе намножиле су се хајдучке чете толико да се сам паша бојао да га ноћу не ухвате и убију у Мостару. Он је препоручивао коџабаши Јовану Анђелопољу да се Мостар-...

Preceded by Ibrahim Pasha	Pasha of Scutari 1810––1831	Succeeded by ?
Preceded by ?	Ankara Eyalet 1846–?	Succeeded by ?
Preceded by ?	Herzegovina Eyalet 1853	Succeeded by ?
Preceded by ?	Medina ?–1860	Succeeded by ?

[FEI-1] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^qFirst Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936.BRILL. 1993. p. 765.ISBN 90-04-09796-1.

[Finlay_George_page_6-9-2] Finlay George, History of the Greek Revolution, volume II, page 6-9

[Dakin1973-3] Dakin, Douglas (1 January 1973).The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821-1833.University of California Press. p. 99.ISBN 978-0-520-02342-0.

[Elsie2012-4] Elsie, Robert (24 December 2012).A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History.I.B.Tauris. pp. 44–.ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3.

[5] Bitis, Alexander (2000).'THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND THE EASTERN QUESTION, 1821-34' Ph.D. ALEXANDER BITIS THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE(PDF)(The southern Albanians were eventually overcome but the real challenge lay in the north where the unpredictable Mustapha ruled over the powerful Pashalik of Skodra. Informed in January 1831 that his rule was terminated, Mustapha decided to fight. His idea was to construct a broad alliance of all the Balkan Muslims who opposed the Sultan’s European-style reforms as well as the Serbs, whom he offered the town of Nish as an incentivetofight. ed.).Retrieved10 April2020.

[ČokoriloPamučina1976-6] Prokopije Čokorilo; Joanikije Pamučina; Staka Skenderova (1976).Ljetopisi.Veselin Masleša. p. 69.Послије Смаил-паше, за нашег валију и главнокомандујућег именован је Мустафа-паша Бушатлија,65 родом из Скадра, те нам је дошао 22. маја 1853. године. Он се правио правичним чо- вјеком, и, ако је неко скривио, наређивао је да га мало „пропуш- ће кроз руке "али, свакако, јаче хришћанина него Муслимана. За вријеме његове управе намножиле су се хајдучке чете толико да се сам паша бојао да га ноћу не ухвате и убију у Мостару. Он је препоручивао коџабаши Јовану Анђелопољу да се Мостар-...

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