Mutual non-recognition of sovereignty and mutual non-denial of authority to govern
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"Mutual non-recognition of sovereignty and mutual non-denial of authority to govern"(Chinese:Hỗ bất thừa nhận chủ quyền, hỗ bất phủ nhận trị quyền) is formerPresident of the Republic of ChinaMa Ying-jeou's description of therelationsbetween theTaiwan AreaandMainland China,as presented in his second inauguration speech after being re-elected in 2012.[1][2][3]Sometimes the termspecial non-state-to-state relations(Chinese:Đặc thù phi lưỡng quốc luận) is used in the press for this concept, following his own statements.[4]Ma defines the relations as a "special relationship for whichthe model of [state] recognitionunderconventional international lawis not applicable ".[5][6]This marks a departure from the views of his predecessors, former presidentsLee Teng-hui'sspecial state-to-state relationsandChen Shui-bian'sOne Country on Each Side:Both defined theRepublic of China(ROC) and thePeople's Republic of China(PRC) as states and the relationship between the two as one between two states. In Ma's view, the ROC government considers theone Chinaas the ROC, regardless of the view of the PRC government.[1]While neither governing authority can recognize that in the other area as a legitimate state, neither would deny the other side being thede factogoverning authority of its area.
Background
[edit]President Ma Ying-jeou on 2 September 2008 stated in an interview with the Mexico-based press,Sol de Mexico,that the relations betweenmainland ChinaandTaiwanare "special", but "not that between two states", because neither theConstitution of the People's Republic of Chinanor theConstitution of the ROCallows for another state to exist in their respective claimed territory. He conceded the sovereignty issues between the two cannot be resolved at present, but citing the1992 Consensusas a temporary measure for the issues, as both accept theOne China principlebut agrees to differ on the definition of that one "China".[7][8]
Presidential Office spokesmanWang Yu-chilater elaborated the president's statement and said that under the 11th amendment of the ROC Constitution and the "Statute Governing the Relations Between the Peoples of the Taiwan Area and Mainland Area", the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China is one between two regions of one country. From the ROC's perspective, that country is the ROC.[9]
Ma Ying-jeou was interviewed by the Japanese magazineWorldon 7 October 2008. In answering questions relating to the "Special non-state-to-state relations", he said that the ROC "definitely is an independent sovereign state", and under its constitution, mainland China is part of the territory of the ROC. The ROC cannot recognise the existence of another state in its territory, nor does the People's Republic of China want to recognize the ROC. In other words, the ROC does not consider the PRC a state. Accordingly, laws relating to international relations cannot be applied regarding the relations between Taiwan and mainland China.[6][10][11]
In an interview with theCentral News Agencyon 25 October 2008, Ma Ying-jeou clarified that conceptualising Taiwan and mainland China as "two areas" was not his invention, but believed the framework offered a way for the two sides of theTaiwan Straitto sidestep sovereignty questions in pursuing closer ties as long as each side did not deny the other's existence. Ma said consultations between the two sides' intermediary bodies have been conducted under such a"mutual non-denial" framework.According to Ma, the "two areas" concept could be dated back to 1991, when then-PresidentLee Teng-huiannounced the termination of the Period of National Mobilisation for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion to acknowledge the fact that the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are under separate rule. The move symbolised that the communist regime established on 1 October 1949 in mainland China is no longer considered by the ROC as a "rebellious group", but "a governing authority that has de facto rule of the mainland", Ma said. Over the past 17 years, several other concepts have been put forth by the country's leaders to try to defineCross-Strait relations,but none has been proven feasible, he said. These include thespecial state-to-state relationsproposed by Lee in 1999, and theone country on each sidetheory raised by then President Chen Shui-bian in 2002, Ma noted.[12][13]
Legacy
[edit]In the runup to the2024 presidential election,theKuomintangcandidateHou Yu-ihreiterated this mutual non-denial framework in the context of the1992 Consensus,in an interview with the Japanese public broadcaster NHK in August 2023.[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ab"President Ma's Inaugural Address".english.president.gov.tw.
Nhi ngã môn sở thuyết đích “Nhất trung”, đương nhiên tựu thị trung hoa dân quốc. Y cư hiến pháp, trung hoa dân quốc lĩnh thổ chủ quyền hàm cái đài loan dữ đại lục, mục tiền chính phủ đích thống trị quyền cận cập ô đài, bành, kim, mã. Hoán ngôn chi, nhị thập niên lai lưỡng ngạn đích hiến pháp định vị tựu thị “Nhất cá trung hoa dân quốc, lưỡng cá địa khu”, lịch kinh 3 vị tổng thống, tòng vị cải biến. Giá thị tối lý tính vụ thật đích định vị, dã thị trung hoa dân quốc trường viễn phát triển, bảo chướng đài loan an toàn đích bằng tạ. Lưỡng ngạn chi gian ứng cai yếu chính thị giá cá hiện thật, cầu đồng tồn dị, kiến lập “Hỗ bất thừa nhận chủ quyền, hỗ bất phủ nhận trị quyền” đích cộng thức, song phương tài năng phóng tâm hướng tiền tẩu. ≈ When we speak of 'one China,' naturally it is the Republic of China. According to our Constitution, the sovereign territory of the Republic of China includes Taiwan and the mainland. At present, the ROC government has authority to govern only in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. In other words, over the past two decades, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have been defined as 'one Republic of China, two areas.' This status has remained unchanged throughout the administrations of the past three presidents. ¶ This is an eminently rational and pragmatic definition, and constitutes the basis for assuring the ROC's long-term development and safeguarding Taiwan's security. Both sides of the Taiwan Strait ought to squarely face up to this reality, seek common ground while respecting differences, and establish a consensus regarding 'mutual non-recognition of sovereignty and mutual non-denial of authority to govern.' Only in this way can the two sides move forward with confidence.
- ^Roth, Brad R. (December 28, 2012)."Parsing" Mutual Non-Recognition and Mutual Non-Denial: "An International Law Perspective on Taipei's Current Framework for Cross-Strait Relations".Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs.30 (2012). Brill Nijhoff: 15–30.doi:10.1163/9789004425040_003– via brill.com.
- ^Lee, Wei-chin (January 1, 2014)."The Mutual Non-Denial Principle, China's Interests, and Taiwan's Expansion of International Participation".Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies.2014(1).
- ^"President Ma attends opening ceremonies of 2013 ILA-ASIL Asia-Pacific Research Forum".
cross-strait relations are not state-to-state relations but special relations
- ^"President Ma's address at 2011 International Law Association Asia-Pacific Regional Conference".
Under the ROC constitutional framework, the cross-strait relationship is not one between states, but a special relationship for which the model of recognition under conventional international law is not applicable. Therefore, we cannot and do not recognize mainland China's sovereignty, nor should we or do we deny its authority to govern mainland China. To put it simply, "mutual non-recognition and mutual non-denial" means "the two sides do not recognize each other's sovereignty, nor do they deny each other's authority to govern".
- ^ab"Mã: Đại lục thị trung hoa dân quốc lĩnh thổ (Ma: the mainland is the territory of the Republic of China)".Liberty Times(in Chinese). 2008-10-08. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-11.Retrieved2022-04-22.
Vô pháp thích dụng dữ kỳ tha quốc gia bảo trì quan hệ chi pháp luật giá cấu
- ^"Taiwan and China in 'special relations': Ma".China Post.2008-09-04. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-09-10.
- ^Central News Agency of the Republic of China (2008-09-11)."'Non-state-to-state' discourse based on Constitution: spokesman ".Taiwan News.Retrieved2022-04-22.
- ^Ko, Shu-ling; Hsiu-Chuan, Shih; Wang, Flora; Lu, Meggie (2008-09-05)."Presidential Office defends Ma".Taipei Times.Retrieved2022-04-22.
- ^Ko, Shu-ling (2008-10-08)."Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview".Taipei Times.Retrieved2022-04-22.
- ^"Mã tổng thống: Lưỡng ngạn quan hệ thị hiện thật quan hệ (President Ma: Cross-strait relations are relations based on current reality)"(in Chinese). Central News Agency of the Republic of China. 2008-10-08. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-02-12.
- ^"Ma clarifies 'two areas,' reaffirms non-denial".China Post.2008-10-25. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-10-28.Retrieved2022-04-22.
- ^"Tổng thống xiển thuật lưỡng ngạn lưỡng khu khái niệm trọng thân tương hỗ bất phủ nhận (Ma clarifies the concept of 'two areas,' reaffirms mutual non-denial)"(in Chinese). Central News Agency. 2008-10-25. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-02-24.
- ^"Nhật môi chuyên phóng hầu hữu nghi đàm lưỡng ngạn quan hệ: Tuần mã anh cửu lộ tuyến “Bất thống, bất độc, bất võ” | chính trị ".Newtalk tân văn.August 2, 2023.
Lánh ngoại tại cửu nhị cộng thức bộ phân, hầu hữu nghi trọng thân, tha tiếp thụ hợp hồ trung hoa dân quốc hiến pháp đích cửu nhị cộng thức, tha phản đối nhất quốc lưỡng chế, phản đối đài độc, tha kiên thủ tự do dân chủ, lưỡng ngạn chi gian yếu cầu đồng tồn dị, tương đồng đích kế tục vãng tiền tẩu, bất nhất dạng đích tiên bãi lưỡng biên, “Ngã môn hỗ bất thừa nhận chủ quyền, hỗ bất phủ nhận trị quyền”, đài loan đích vị lai do 2300 vạn nhân quyết định.
External links
[edit]"Full text of the interview"(in Chinese). Mainland Affairs Council. 2008-09-03. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-11-20.
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