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Nacholapithecus

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Nacholapithecus
Temporal range:middle Miocene
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"Nacholapithecus kerioi" at the Kyoto University Museum
Nacholapithecus kerioiat theKyoto University Museum
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: †Proconsulidae
Genus: †Nacholapithecus
Ishida, Kunimatsu, Nakatsukasa & Nakano, 1999
Species
  • †Nacholapithecus kerioiIshidaet al., 1999

Nacholapithecus kerioiwas anapethat lived 14-15 million years ago[1]during the MiddleMiocene.Fossils have been found in the Nachola formation in northernKenya.The only member of the genusNacholapithecus,it is thought to be a key genus in earlyhominid evolution.Similar in body plan toProconsul,it had a long vertebral column with six lumbar vertebrae, no tail, a narrow torso, large upper limbs with mobile shoulder joints, and long feet.[2]

Together with otherKenyapithecinaesuch asEquatorius,Kenyapithecus,andGriphopithecus,NacholapithecusdisplayedsynapomorphieswithAnoiapithecus.[3]

Taxonomy[edit]

Nacholapithecuswas initially classified as belonging inKenyapithecus,[4]then attributed[5]toEquatorius(withEquatoriusperhaps grouped into a subfamily Equatorinae, instead of both species in Afropithecini),[6][7]finally recognised by Ishidaet al.(1999) as a separate genus.[8][9][10]Classified perhaps as a member of the familyProconsulidae.[11]

Fossil finds[edit]

Nacholapithecus kerioiis known from the lowest part of the Aka Aiteputh Formation, one of five formations in the Neogene System in Nachola,Samburu District,northern Kenya.[12][13]The formation is largely part of the north-western riftflankoverlying the Nachola Formation.[14]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Sawada et al. 2006
  2. ^Henke & Hardt 2007,p. 1020
  3. ^Moyà-Solà et al. 2009
  4. ^Ishida et al. 1984
  5. ^Ward et al. 1999
  6. ^Cameron 2004
  7. ^Cameron 2004,p. 101
  8. ^Ishida et al. 1999
  9. ^Russon & Begun 2004,p. 305
  10. ^Ishida et al. 2004,Abstract
  11. ^Zalmout et al. 2010
  12. ^Nakatsukasa & Kunimatsu 2009,Abstract
  13. ^Sawada et al. 2006
  14. ^Ishida et al. 2006,p. 74

References[edit]

  • Cameron, D. W. (2004).Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions.UNSW Press.ISBN9780868407166.
  • Henke, W.; Hardt, T. (2007).Handbook of paleoanthropology.Springer.ISBN978-3-540-32474-4.
  • Ishida, H.; Pichford, M.; Nakaya, H.; Nakano, Y. (1984). "Fossil anthropoids from Nachola and Samburu Hills, Samburu District, Kenya".African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue.2(2): 73–85.doi:10.14989/68314.
  • Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Nakano, Y. (1999)."New hominoid genus from the Middle Miocene of Nachola, Kenya".Anthropological Science.107(2): 189–191.doi:10.1537/ase.107.189.
  • Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Takano, T.; Nakano, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2004). "Nacholapithecusskeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya ".Journal of Human Evolution.46(1): 69–103.Bibcode:2004JHumE..46...69I.doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.10.001.PMID14698685.
  • Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2006). Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (eds.).Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds.Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer.ISBN9780387296388.
  • Moyà-Solà, S.; Alba, D. M.; Almécija, S.; Casanovas-Vilar, I.; Köhler, M.; de Esteban-Trivigno, S.; Robles, J. M.; Galindo, J.; Fortuny, J. (2009)."A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade".PNAS.106(24): 9601–06.Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9601M.doi:10.1073/pnas.0811730106.PMC2701031.PMID19487676.
  • Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y. (May–June 2009). "Nacholapithecusand its importance for understanding hominoid evolution ".Evolutionary Anthropology.18(3): 103–119.doi:10.1002/evan.20208.S2CID84530387.
  • Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (2004). Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (eds.).The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence.Cambridge University Press.ISBN9780521783354.
  • Sawada, Y.; Saneyoshi, M.; Nakayama, K.; Sakai, T.; Itaya, T.; Hyodo, M.; Mukokya, Y.; Pickford, M.; Senut, B.; Tanaka, S. (2006). "The Ages and Geological Backgrounds of Miocene HominoidsNacholapithecus,Samburupithecus,andOrrorinfrom Kenya ".Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds.Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 71–96.doi:10.1007/0-387-29798-7_6.ISBN978-0-387-29638-8.
  • Ward, S.; Brown, B.; Hill, A.; Kelley, J.; Downs, W. (1999). "Equatorius:A new hominoid genus from the middle Miocene of Kenya ".Science.285(5432): 1382–1386.doi:10.1126/science.285.5432.1382.PMID10464093.
  • Zalmout, I. S.; Sanders, W. J.; MacLatchy, L. M.; Gunnell, G. F.; Al-Mufarreh, Y. A.; Ali, M. A.; Nasser, A.-A. H.; Al-Masari, A. M.; Al-Sobhi, S. A.; Nadhra, A. O.; Matari, A. H.; Wilson, J. A.; Gingerich, P. D. (2010). "New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys".Nature.466(7304): 360–364.Bibcode:2010Natur.466..360Z.doi:10.1038/nature09094.PMID20631798.S2CID205220837.
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