Nantwich
Nantwich | |
---|---|
Welsh Row, Nantwich, with the tower ofSt Mary's Churchand shops | |
Location withinCheshire | |
Population | 14,045 (2021 Census)[1] |
OS grid reference | SJ652523 |
Civil parish |
|
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | NANTWICH |
Postcode district | CW5 |
Dialling code | 01270 |
Police | Cheshire |
Fire | Cheshire |
Ambulance | North West |
UK Parliament | |
Website | www |
Nantwich(/ˈnæntwɪtʃ/NAN-twitch) is a market town andcivil parishin the unitary authority ofCheshire EastinCheshire,England. It has among the highest concentrations oflisted buildingsin England, with notably good examples of Tudor and Georgian architecture. It had a population of 14,045 in 2021.[1]
History
[edit]The origins of the settlement date toRomantimes,[2]when salt from Nantwich was used by the Roman garrisons atChester(Deva Victrix) andStoke-on-Trentas a preservative and a condiment. Salt has been used in the production ofCheshire cheeseand in thetanningindustry, both products of the dairy industry based in theCheshire Plainaround the town.Nantcomes from theWelshfor brook or stream.Wichandwychare names used to denotebrinespringsorwells.In 1194 there is a reference to the town as being calledNametwihc,which would indicate it was once the site of a pre-Roman Celticnemetonor sacred grove.[3]
In theDomesday Bookof 1086, Nantwich is recorded as having eight salt houses. It had acastleand was the capital of a barony of the earls of Chester, and of one of the sevenhundredsof medieval Cheshire. Nantwich is one of the few places in Cheshire to be marked on theGough Map,which dates from 1355 to 1366.[4]It was first recorded as an urban area at the time of theNorman Conquest,when theNormansburnt the town to the ground,[5]leaving only one building standing.
The Norman castle was built at the crossing of theWeaverbefore 1180, probably near where theCrown Innnow stands. Although nothing remains of the castle above ground, it affected the town's layout.[6][7]During the medieval period, Nantwich was the most important salt town and probably the second most important settlement in the county afterChester.[8][9]By the 14th century, it was holding a weekly cattle market at the end of what is now Beam Street, and it was also important for itstanningindustry centred in Barker Street.[10]
A fire in December 1583 destroyed most of the town to the east of the Weaver.[11][12]Elizabeth Icontributed funds to the town's rebuilding and made an England-wide appeal for support for the rebuilding fund which thereby received funds from many successful medieval towns, including Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk. The rebuilding occurred rapidly and followed the plan of the destroyed town.[13]Beam Street was so renamed to reflect the fact that timber (including wood fromDelamere Forest) to rebuild the town was transported along it. A plaque marking the 400th anniversary of the fire and of Nantwich's rebuilding was unveiled by theDuke of Gloucesteron 20 September 1984.[14]
From the time of the Henrician Reformation, the town had trouble finding good Protestant preachers. An example of the problem was Stephen Jerome, a puritanical preacher, who in 1625 nonetheless tried to rape one of his maidservants, Margaret Knowsley. Rumours of this spread across the town, eventually leading to Knowsley's imprisonment andpublic shamingin 1627. A few years later, Jerome went to Ireland to continue his preaching career.[15]
During theEnglish Civil WarNantwich declared forParliamentand was besieged several times byRoyalistforces. A final six-week siege was lifted after a Parliamentary victory in theBattle of Nantwichon 26 January 1644. This has been re-enacted as "Holly Holy Day" on every anniversary since 1973 bySealed Knot,an educational charity. The name is taken from commemorative sprigs of holly worn by townsfolk in caps or on clothing in the years after the battle.[16]
The salt industry peaked in the mid-16th century, with about 400 salt houses in 1530, but had almost died out by the end of the 18th century; the last salt house closed in the mid-19th century.[17][18][19]Nikolaus Pevsnerconsidered the salt-industry decline to have been critical in preserving the town's historic buildings.[17]The last tannery closed in 1974. The town's location on the London–Chester road meant that Nantwich began to serve the needs of travellers in medieval times.[8][20]This trade declined in the 19th century with the opening ofTelford's road from London toHolyhead,which offered a faster route to Wales, and later with theGrand Junction Railway,which bypassed the town.[18]
Nantwich Mill
[edit]The presence of awatermillsouth ofNantwich Bridgewas noted in 1228[21]and again about 1363,[22]through the cutting of amill raceorleatand creation of an upstreamweir.The resulting Mill Island was ascribed to the 16th century,[21][22]possibly after the original mill was destroyed in the 1583 Great Fire of Nantwich.[23]
In the mid-17th century, the mill was acquired by local landowners, theCholmondeleys,who retained it until the 1840s.[21]Originally a corn mill, it became a cotton mill (Bott's Mill) from 1789 to 1874,[21][22][24]but reverted to being a corn mill and was recorded as such on theOrdnance SurveyFirst Edition map of Nantwich in 1876.[22]A turbine was installed in about 1890 to replace the water wheel.[21]
The mill was demolished in the 1970s after a fire[21]and then landscaped, with further stabilisation of the mill foundations in 2008.[25]Today it forms part of a riverside park area. Proposals, so far unfollowed, have been made for small-scale hydropower generation using the mill race.[26][27]Nantwich Mill Hydro Generation Ltd was incorporated in April 2009, but dormant in December 2016.[28]
Brine baths
[edit]Nantwich's brine springs were used forspaorhydrotherapypurposes at two locations: the central Snow Hill swimming pool inaugurated in 1883,[22][29]where the open-air brine pool is still in use,[30]and the Brine Baths Hotel, standing in 70 acres (28 ha) of parkland south of the town from the 1890s to the mid-20th century.[31]The hotel was originally a mansion, Shrewbridge Hall,[22]built for Michael Bott (owner of Nantwich Mill) in 1828. It was bought by Nantwich Brine and Medicinal Baths Company in 1883, extended and opened as a hotel in 1893,[31]with "a well-appointed suite of brine and medicinal baths,"[32]– also described as the "strongest saline baths in the world".[31]These were used to treat patients with ailments that included gout, rheumatism, sciatica and neuritis, using two suites of baths.[33][34]
The hotel's grounds included gardens, tennis courts, a nine-hole golf course and a bowling green. The last survives today under the Nantwich Park Road Bowling Club founded in 1906.[35]
The hotel served as an auxiliary hospital during theFirst World War.[36]In theSecond World Warit became an army base and then accommodatedWAAFpersonnel. It closed as a hotel in 1947 and in 1948 became a convalescent home for miners. In 1952 that closed and the building was unsuccessfully put up for sale and demolished in 1959.[32]The grounds were later developed for housing – the Brine Baths Estate[31]– and schools (Brine Leas Schooland Weaver Primary School).
Governance
[edit]The civil parish now falls within theunitary authorityofCheshire East[37]and has its own Town Council covering the civil parish (originally this comprised two wards and then divided into three wards from 2023).
Previously the town fell within the Borough Council ofCrewe and Nantwichwhich was abolished on 1 April 2009; the borough had been formed in 1974 when theLocal Government Act 1972replacedurban districtandrural districtcouncils with a uniform system of larger districts. Sometown administrationresponsibilities ofNantwich Urban DistrictCouncil passed toNantwich Town Council,whileNantwich Rural DistrictCouncil responsibilities passed to the combined Crewe and Nantwich borough.
Since 1983, Nantwich has been in the parliamentary constituency ofCrewe and Nantwich.[38]Between 1955 and 1983,Nantwichwas a parliamentary constituency in its own right, largely covering the areas managed by Nantwich urban and rural district councils (rural areas to the south, west and north of Nantwich now form part of the west CheshireEddisbury constituency).
Places of interest
[edit]Nantwich has one of the county's largest collections of historic buildings, second only to Chester.[39]These cluster mainly in the town centre on Barker Street, Beam Street, Churchyard Side, High Street and Hospital Street, and extend across the Weaver on Welsh Row. Most are within the 38 hectares (94 acres) ofconservation area,which broadly follows the bounds of the late medieval and early post-medieval town.[9][40]
The oldest listed building is the 14th-centurySt Mary's Church,which is listed Grade I. Two other listed buildings are known to predate the fire of 1583:Sweetbriar Halland the Grade I-listedChurche's Mansion,bothtimber-framedElizabethanmansion houses. A few years after the fire,William Camdendescribed Nantwich as the "best built town in the county".[41]Particularly fine timber-framed buildings from the town's rebuilding include46 High Streetand the Grade I-listed Crowncoaching inn.Many half-timbered buildings, such as140–142 Hospital Street,have been concealed behind brick orrendering.Nantwich contains manyGeorgiantown houses, good examples beingDysart Buildings,9 Mill Street,Townwell Houseand83 Welsh Row.Several examples ofVictoriancorporate architecture are listed, including theformer District BankbyAlfred Waterhouse.The most recent listed building is1–5 Pillory Street,a curved corner block in17th-century French style,which dates from 1911. Most of the town's listed buildings were originally residential, but churches, chapels, public houses, schools, banks,almshousesandworkhousesare represented. Unusual listed structures include amounting block,twelve cast-ironbollards,a stone gateway, two garden walls and asummerhouse.
Dorfold Hallis a Grade I listed Jacobean mansion in the nearby village ofActon,[42]considered by Pevsner to be one of the two finest Jacobean houses in Cheshire.[43]Its grounds accommodate Nantwich Show each summer, including, until 2021, theInternational Cheese Awards.
Nantwich Museum,in Pillory Street, has galleries on the history of the town, including Roman salt-making, Tudor Nantwich's Great Fire, the Civil War Battle of Nantwich (1644) and the more recent shoe, clothing and localcheese-makingindustries.Hack Green Secret Nuclear Bunker,a few miles outside the town, is a once government-ownednuclear bunker,now a museum. Also in Pillory St is the 82-seat Nantwich Players Theatre, which puts on about five plays a year.[44]
The Nantwich Millennium Clock, located in Cocoa Yard between Pillory Street and Hospital Street, is an art installation with a free-standingmechanical clockinside a glass case. The clock was made by Paul Beckett around 2001 to celebrate thenew millennium.[45]
The name ofJan PalachAvenue in the south of the town commemorates the self-immolation of a student inCzechoslovakiain 1969.
Geography
[edit]Nantwich is on theCheshire Plain,on the banks of theRiver Weaver.TheShropshire Union Canalruns to the west of the town on an embankment, crossing the Acton lane on the western boundary of the town via an iron aqueduct. There is a basin nearby which is a frequent mooring for visitors20 to the town. It joins theLlangollen CanalatHurlestonto the north. The town is some 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west ofCrewe,20 miles (32 km) miles south-east ofChesterand 22 miles (35 km) east ofWrexham.The town is served by a by-pass to the north and west into which, directly or indirectly, theA51,A500,A529,A530andA534roads all feed.
The stretch of A534 from Nantwich to the Welsh border is seen as one of the ten worst stretches of road in England for road safety.[46]
The tower of St Mary's Church was the origin (meridian) of the 6-inch and 1:2500 Ordnance Survey maps of Cheshire.[47]
Public transport
[edit]Nantwich railway stationis on the line from Crewe toWhitchurch,Shrewsburyand other towns along the Welsh border. It is served mainly by stopping trains between Crewe and Shrewsbury.
D&G Bus,Stagecoachand Mikro Coaches operate bus routes from Nantwich Bus Station and in and around Nantwich, some with funding from Cheshire East council.
Education
[edit]The town has eight primary schools (Highfields Community, Willaston Primary Academy, Millfields, Pear Tree, St Anne's (Catholic), Stapeley Broad Lane (Church of England), The Weaver and Nantwich Primary Academy) and two secondary schools,Brine Leas SchoolandMalbank School and Sixth Form College.Reaseheath Collegeruns further education and higher education courses in conjunction withHarper Adams Universityand theUniversity of Chester.A sixth-form college at Brine Leas opened in September 2010.
For theLondon 2012 Olympic Games,Malbank School and Sixth Form Collegewas nominated to represent the North West.
Sport
[edit]The town's football club,Nantwich Town,competes in and in 2006 won theFA Vase.It plays at the Weaver Stadium, opened in 2007.[48]
Rugby union is played at two clubs. Crewe and Nantwich RUFC, founded in 1922, is based at Vagrants Sports Club in Newcastle Road, Willaston, and runs four senior teams including a ladies team; the first XV play in the Midlands 1 West (Level 6). It holds Club Mark and RFU Seal of Approval accreditations and has a mini and junior section of over 250 young people aged 5–18 taking part every Sunday, with a girls section. Acton Nomads RFC, founded in 2009, won the 2010RFUPresidents XV "This is Rugby" Award;[49][50]it operates two senior sides.
In rugby league,Crewe & Nantwich Steamersplay at the Barony Park, Nantwich, also the home ground for Acton Nomads RFC.
The town'scricket clubin Whitehouse Lane won the ECB-accredited Cheshire County Premier League title in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2018. It regularly hosts Cheshire Minor County cricket matches. Midway through the 2017 season, bowler Jimmy Warrington became the first player in the history of the Cheshire County Premier League to take 500 wickets.[51]In 2019, Nantwich reached the final of theECB National Club Cricket Championship.[52]In the final, played atLord's,it metSwardestonand lost by 53 runs.[53]
Media
[edit]The dailySentinel,weeklyNantwich ChronicleandCrewe and Nantwich Guardian,and monthlyDabbercover the town.[54]
Local TV coverage is provided byBBC North WestandITVfrom theWinter HillTV transmitter.
Radio stations for the Nantwich area includeBBC Radio Stoke,Cheshire's Silk Radiofrom Macclesfield,Signal 1andGreatest Hits Radio Staffordshire & Cheshirefrom Stoke-on-Trent, Crewe-based The Cat 107.9 community radio, and Nantwich-based online radio and networking organisation RedShift Radio.
The Nantwich Newsis ahyperlocalblog for local events and issues. TheinNantwichwebsite gives Nantwich information, including shops, firms, schools, wifi spots, car parking and toilets.
Events
[edit]Cheese awards
[edit]Until 2019, the annualInternational Cheese Awardswere held in July each year during Nantwich Show, at theDorfold Hallestate.[55][56]In 2021 it was announced the Awards would be moving to the Staffordshire Show Grounds and would no longer be part of the Nantwich Show event.[57]
Jazz and blues
[edit]Since 1996, Nantwich has hosted an annual Nantwich Jazz and Blues Festival over the Easter Bank Holiday weekend. Jazz and blues artists from around the country perform in pubs and venues.[58][59]
Food festival
[edit]The annual Nantwich Food Festival is held in the town centre on the first weekend of September. Re-established as a free-entry festival in 2010, it attracts numerous artisan producers from the local area and further afield, and offers chef demonstrations, family activities and entertainment. It draws some 30,000 visitors a year.[60]
Notable people
[edit]Public service
[edit]- SirNicholas Colfox(flourished 1400, from Nantwich) was a medieval knight involved in the murder ofThomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester,uncle ofKing Richard II,in 1397.
- BlessedThomas Holford(1541–1588), a Protestant schoolteacher, then a Catholic priest, was martyred in Clerkenwell and beatified in 1896.[61]
- SirRoger Wilbraham(1553 in Nantwich – 1616), prominent English lawyer[62]andSolicitor-General for IrelandunderElizabeth I.
- Roger Mainwaring(died 1590), Elizabethan judge in Ireland, was born in Nantwich.[63]
- Sir Ranulph Crewe(1559 in Nantwich – 1646),[64]Lord Chief Justice.
- Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet(1604–1661) established his headquarters in Nantwich during theEnglish Civil Warin 1643.[65]
- Matthew Henry(1662–1714), a British nonconformist minister, died of apoplexy in Nantwich.[66]
- Hanmer George Warrington(c. 1776 in Acton – 1847),British Armyofficer, becameConsul Generalon theBarbary Coastfor 32 years.
- George Latham(c. 1800 in Nantwich – 1871), architect
- Eddowes Bowman(1810 in Nantwich – 1869),dissenting tutor[67]
- Thomas Egerton Hale(1832 in Nantwich – 1909), recipient of theVictoria Cross[68]
- Thomas Bower(1838–1919), English architect and surveyor, was based in Nantwich
- William Pickersgill(1861 in Nantwich – 1928) waschief mechanical engineerof theCaledonian Railwayuntil 1923[69]
- David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty(1871 in Stapeley – 1936),Admiral of the Fleet
- Sir Andrew Witty(born 1964), CEO ofGlaxoSmithKline,went toMalbank Schoolin Nantwich.[citation needed]
Politics
[edit]- Roger Wilbraham(1743 in Nantwich – 1829), MP, bibliophile, antiquary, local historian, published work onCheshire dialects.[70]
- Robert Grant-Ferris, Baron Harvington(1907–1997), Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons 1970–1974, was MP forNantwich.[71]
- Michael Winstanley, Baron Winstanley(1918–1993), Liberal MP[72]
- Gwyneth Dunwoody(1930–2008), British Labour Party politician from 1974 to her death in 2008[73]MP forExeter1966–70, and then forCrewe(laterCrewe and Nantwich)
- Mike Wood(born 1946), Labour MP forBatley and Spen1997 to 2015, went to school in Nantwich.[74]
- John Dwyer(born c. 1950), police officer, borough councillor,Assistant Chief ConstableandCheshire Police and Crime Commissioner[75]
- Laura Smith(born 1985) is a politician and a councillor for Crewe South since 2020. She was aLabour PartyMember ofParliamentforCrewe and Nantwichin 2017–2019.[76]
Science
[edit]- John Gerard(1545 in Nantwich – 1612),botanist[77]and author ofHerball, or Generall Historie of Plantes(1597)[78][79]
- Joseph Priestley(1733–1804), co-discoverer ofoxygen,Nonconformistminister and teacher, lived in Nantwich in 1758–1761.[80]
- SirWilliam Bowman(1816 in Nantwich – 1892), surgeon, histologist, anatomist andophthalmologist[81]
- Albert Thomas Price(1903 in Nantwich – 1978), geophysicist,[82]developed mathematical models on globalelectromagnetic induction.
- SirKenneth Mather(1911 in Nantwich – 1990) Britishgeneticistandbotanist
- ProfessorStephen Eichhorn(1974 – 1990 in Nantwich) Britishmaterials scientist
Arts
[edit]- Isabella Whitney(born 1545 in Coole Pilate – 1577), was arguably the first female poet and professional writer in England.
- Geoffrey Whitney(c. 1548 in Acton – c. 1601), poet[83]
- Briget Paget(1570 in Nantwich – c. 1647),Puritan,acted as her husbandJohn Paget's literary executor and editor.
- ReverendJoseph Partridge(1724–1796), waggoner,antiquaryand historian, wrote the town's first history in 1774.[84]
- Peter Bayley(1779 in Nantwich – 1823), writer and poet[85]
- James Hall(1846–1914), lived in the town for 40 years and wrote its history.[86]
- Kim Woodburn(born 1942), television personality, lives in Nantwich.[87]
- Penny Jordan(1946–2011), writer of over 200 romance novels[88]
- Ben Miller(born 1966), actor, director and comedian, grew up in Nantwich.
- Thea Gilmore(born 1979), singer/songwriter, lives in Nantwich[89]
- Alex "A. J." Pritchard(born 1994), ballroom and Latin dancer, who won fame on the BBC Television showStrictly Come Dancing,went to school in Nantwich.[90]
- Blitz Kids(active 2006–2015) were an Englishalternative rockband originating in Nantwich and Crewe.
Sport
[edit]- William Downes(1843 in Nantwich – 1896), a New Zealand cricketer
- A. N. Hornby(1847–1925), the first to captain England in both cricket and rugby; buried in Acton churchyard, Nantwich
- George Davenport(1860–1902), cricketer
- John Wright(1861–1912), cricketer
- Harry Stafford(1869–1940), footballer,[91]made 271 professional appearances. He was later a hotelier in Canada.
- Ernest Piggott(1878–1967), jump racing jockey.
- Alf Lythgoe(1907 in Nantwich – 1967), footballer, made 191 professional appearances forStockport CountyandHuddersfield Townbefore becoming manager of non-LeagueAltrincham.
- Dario Gradi,(born 1941), manager[92]ofCrewe Alexandra(1983–2007 and 2009–2011), lives in Willaston
- Ian Cowap(1950–2016), cricketer
- Ashley Westwood(born 1990 in Nantwich), footballer withCrewe,Aston VillaandBurnley[93]
See also
[edit]References
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- ^"Penny Jordan, author of 200 romance novels, dies at 65".Washington Post.Retrieved21 September2018.
- ^"Thea Gilmore".Discogs.Retrieved21 September2018.
- ^Dallison, Jessica (25 November 2016)."Nantwich dance star AJ Pritchard talks about his Strictly experience".NantwichNews.Retrieved18 September2019.
AJ Pritchard spent most of his life craving TV fame. And the former Brine Leas pupil...
- ^"Harry Stafford".MUFCInfo.com. Archived fromthe originalon 13 February 2018.Retrieved21 September2018.
- ^"Dario Gradi – Latest Betting Odds – Soccer Base".Soccerbase.com.Retrieved21 September2018.
- ^"Ashley R Westwood – Football Stats – Burnley – Age 28 – Soccer Base".Soccerbase.com.Retrieved21 September2018.
Bibliography
- J. Lake (1983),The Great Fire of Nantwich,Shiva Publishing,ISBN0-906812-57-7
- G. Roberts (2011),Nantwich Life,MPire Books,ISBN978-0-9547924-1-1
- G. Roberts (2013),Nantwich Life II,MPire Books,ISBN978-0-9547924-2-8
External links
[edit]- Media related toNantwichat Wikimedia Commons
- Nantwich Web Directory