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Naval Air Facility Atsugi

Coordinates:35°27′17″N139°27′00″E/ 35.45472°N 139.45000°E/35.45472; 139.45000
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NAF Atsugi
Hậu mộc hải quân phi hành tràng(Atsugi Kaigun-hikōjō)
Ayase,Kanagawa PrefectureinJapan
Aerial view of NAF Atsugi during 2007
NAF Atsugi is located in Japan
NAF Atsugi
NAF Atsugi
Location in Japan
Coordinates35°27′17″N139°27′00″E/ 35.45472°N 139.45000°E/35.45472; 139.45000
TypeJoint Japanese and United States air base
Site information
OwnerGovernment of Japan
Operator
Controlled by
  • Fleet Air Force (JMSDF)
  • Navy Region Japan (USN)
ConditionOperational
WebsiteOfficial website
Site history
Built1938(1938)
In use1938 – present
Garrison information
Current
commander		CaptainManning Montagnet (USN)
Airfield information
IdentifiersIATA:NJA,ICAO:RJTA,WMO:476790
Elevation62.4 metres (205 ft)AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
01/19 2,438 metres (7,999 ft)Concrete
Source:JapaneseAIPatAIS Japan[1]

Naval Air Facility Atsugi(Hậu mộc hải quân phi hành tràng,Atsugi Kaigun-hikōjō)(IATA:NJA,ICAO:RJTA) is a joint Japan-US naval air base located in the cities ofYamatoandAyaseinKanagawa,Japan.It is the largestUnited States Navy(USN) air base in thePacific Ocean,and once housed the squadrons ofCarrier Air Wing Five(CVW-5), which deploys with the Americanaircraft carrierUSSRonald Reagan.[2]

During 2017 and 2018 the fixed-wing aircraft of CVW-5 relocated toMarine Corps Air Station Iwakuniin western Japan.

CVW-5 shares the base with the HeadquartersFleet Air Force,andFleet Air Wing 4of theJapan Maritime Self-Defense Force(JMSDF). NAF Atsugi is also home to Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 51 (HSM-51), which provides detachments ofMH-60Rhelicopters to forward deployed U.S. Navyguided missile cruisers,guided missile destroyers,andfrigateshomeported at the nearbyYokosuka Naval Base.Service members stationed at Atsugi also work in conjunction with the formerKamiseya Naval Radio Receiving Facility.

Despite its name, the base is 4nautical miles(7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east northeast[1]from thecity of Atsugi,and is not adjacent to the city.

History[edit]

Arrival of GeneralDouglas MacArthur(second from right) at Atsugi, 30 August 1945

TheImperial Japanese Navyconstructed the base in 1938 to house the 302nd Kokutai, one of the Navy's most formidable fighter squadrons duringWorld War II.Aircraft based at Atsugi shot down more than 300 American bombers during the firebombings of 1945.[3]After Japan's surrender, many of Atsugi's pilots refused to followEmperor Hirohito's order to lay down their arms, and took to the skies to drop leaflets onTokyoandYokohamaurging locals to resist the Americans. Eventually, these pilots gave up, and left Atsugi.

GeneralDouglas MacArthurarrived at Atsugi on 30 August to accept Japan's surrender. Shortly afterwards, elements of theUSAAF3d Bombardment Groupmoved in about 8 September, being replaced by the USAAF49th Fighter Groupon 15 September which handled the initial cleanup of the heavily damaged airfield along with the 1539th Army Air Forces Base Unit to provide station facilities. Minimal flight operations were restored by October which allowed theP-61 Black Widow-equipped418th Night Fighter Squadronto operate from the airfield to provide air defense over the area, along with theP-38 Lightningsof the 49th FG. The 49th moved toChitose AirfieldonHokkaidoin mid February 1946, the 418th NFS toOkinawain June, and on 31 December 1946 the 1539th AAFBU moved toHaneda Airfield.

An old Atsugi guard post

During the occupation, the base housed the overflow from nearbyCamp Zama;it was not refurbished to handle military air traffic until theKorean War.TheSeabees(Navy construction battalions) came to the base in 1950 and prepared it for re-opening that December asNaval Air Station Atsugi.

NAF Atsugi was a major naval air base during both theKorean WarandVietnam War,serving fighters, bombers, and transport aircraft.

One of the aircraft based at Atsugi at least since 1957[4]was theU-2spy plane. The plane made local Japanese headlines when it ran low on fuel and made an emergency landing at aglider-clublanding strip.This same plane was piloted byGary Powers,which provokedan international incidentwhen it was downed over theSoviet Union.[5]

Lee Harvey Oswaldwas based at Atsugi during his time in theUnited States Marines.He was a radar operator assigned toMarine Air Control Squadron 1.[6][7][8]He was stationed there from September 1957 to November 1958.[9]

NAF Atsugi main gate

In 1964 aUnited States Marine CorpsF8U-2 Crusaderbased at the airfieldcrashedin nearbyMachida, Tokyo.The pilot ejected, and was not seriously injured, but the crash killed four, and injured 32 people on the ground, and destroyed seven houses.[10]

In 1969 anEC-121aircraft ofVQ-1that took off from Atsugi on a reconnaissance mission near North Korea wasshot downby a North KoreanMiG-21.A series of options for response were presented to Nixon but ultimately no action was taken.[11]The reconnaissance flights resumed a week later.

In 1972, the U.S. and Japanese governments agreed to share ownership of the base, after which theJapan Maritime Self Defence Forcebegan operating from there.

In 1973 Yokosuka became the home port of the carrierUSSMidway.As a consequence CVW-5, the carrier's air wing was based at Atsugi.[12][13][14]

On 2 November 1976, a US NavyGrumman C-1 Trader,piloted by Lt. Laury K. Backman, suffered a mechanical failure of the aileron system while maneuvering to land on runway 01, and crashed short of the runway. All six aboard were killed.[15]

In 1977, aMcDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom IIbased at the facility suffered a mechanical failure, andcrashed into a residential neighborhoodin nearbyYokohama.The crew ejected and survived, but two young boys, aged 1 and 3, were killed, and 7 others injured.[16]

Elements of theNaval Security Group,and rotational squadrons ofEP-3 Ariesthat are now stationed atMisawa Air Basewere formerly stationed at Atsugi until the 1990s.

JMSDFLC-90landing
ScrappedP-3 Orionsat Atsugi in 2016

On 9 February 1999 a fire broke out at a terminal, no injuries were reported.[17]

On 3 April 2003 a faction of the leftist groupKakurōkyōattacked the facility with improvised mortar fire. Around the same time the same group also attackedYokota Air Base,and the National Defence Agency.[18]

In 2004 aMcDonnell Douglas MD 900 Exploreroperated byAero Asahimade a crash-landing at Naval Air Facility Atsugi. There were no fatalities.[19][20]

On 14 November 2009 a fire in Hangar 183 at the base injured three Japanese employees ofObayashi Corporation.The fire was reported at 11:55 a.m., and was extinguished by 12:45 p.m. The hangar was moderately damaged.[21]

In December 2009, Atsugi was again attacked, this time byKakurōkyōmembers via improvised mortar barrages.[22]

Personnel and aircraft from the base assisted withOperation Tomodachifollowing and during the March2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunamiandFukushima I nuclear accidents.During the crisis, around 2,000 American family members voluntarily departed the base for locations outside Japan.[23]

On 16 December 2013 aMH-60S KnighthawkofCVW-5crashed in Miura city due to a tail jam. The aircraft was written off, and two of the four occupants were injured.[24][25]

On 15 February 2014 three US NavyP-3 Orionswere crushed "beyond repair" when their hangar was destroyed due to a massive snow storm.[26][27]

In December 2016 police arrested a Kawasaki man for pointing a laser pointer at JMSDF aircraft in July of the same year. It was reported that in 2016 there had been about 30 reports of laser pointers being directed at Japanese, and US aircraft.[28]

AGrumman C-2A Greyhoundassigned toVRC-30aboard the USSRonald Reaganwas lost in an accident at sea on 22 November 2017. Three of the personnel on board were lost.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]After this a detachment of 4-6US Marine CorpsBell Boeing V-22 Ospreytilt-rotor aircraft were deployed to Atsugi for a week to fly supplies to theUSSRonald Reagan.[36][37]

Base name[edit]

JMSDF USH-60K #8901 ofAir Development Squadron 51

Atsugi is named after the nearbycity of Atsugidespite not actually being in Atsugi (it is separated from Atsugi by two other cities).

The name was chosen because Atsugi was the only large town in the area as of 1950, and the three farming villages surrounding the base at that time—Yamato Village, Ayase Village, and Shibuya Village—shared names with better-known areas elsewhere in Japan. Yamato is an alternative name for theNararegion, Ayase is generally associated with the area aroundAyase Stationin northeast Tokyo, and Shibuya is generally associated with theward of Shibuyain central Tokyo.

Base issues[edit]

The Jinkanpo Incinerator[edit]

Further information:Jinkanpo Atsugi Incinerator

NAF Atsugi and the people stationed there gained notoriety in the 1990s (stemming from near-daily reports in thePacific Stars and Stripesnewspaper) due to their proximity to theJinkanpo Atsugi Incinerator,which blew toxic, and cancerous emissions over the high-rise buildings in its immediate vicinity. The incinerator's owners, arrested and jailed for charges oftax evasion,neglected the maintenance of the facility. The pollution had become so much of a health problem for residents that if they showed signs of adverse health effects, the base allowed them to leave early (usually servicemembers are stationed at the base for a tour of three years). Many servicemembers reported sickness, and a few died fromcancershortly after moving back to the United States.[38]For a time, the base required servicemembers to undergo medical screenings before being stationed at the base in order to ensure that their bodies could handle the poor air quality. In spite of this, servicemembers still developed health problems, such as acute cases ofasthma.

The US government'sDepartment of Justicesued the incinerator operators.[39]In May 2001, just before the court was to hand down its decision, the Japanese government purchased the plant for nearly 40 million dollars and shut it down. Dismantling was completed by the end of that year.[40]

Noise lawsuits[edit]

Since 1976 there have been a number of lawsuits with local residents sued the Japanese government over noise from the base,[41]and in October 2002 the Yokohama district court ruled that the government should pay 2.75 billion yen in compensation. Both the plaintiffs, and the government appealed the case and in July 2006 the Tokyo High Court ordered the government to pay 4.04 billion yen to 4,865 people living near the base.[42]

The fourth lawsuit over noise was filed in 2007 in the Yokohama District Court. In May 2014 the court ruled that the SDF should not operate its aircraft between 10pm to 6am and that the government should pay ¥7 billion yen in damages. It was the first lawsuit to request the grounding of US military aircraft. This request was rejected by the court.[43]

The ruling was appealed, and in its July 2015 ruling the Tokyo High Court gave ¥9.4 billion to around 6,900 residents from eight cities, increasing the payout from the ¥7 billion yen ordered by the Yokohama district court. The Tokyo court also rejected calls to forbid night flights by US aircraft, arguing that theJapan-US security treatyis beyond the government's jurisdiction. In this it was following a Supreme Court ruling on the 1976 case, where the court ruled that the Japanese government has no power to regulate the activities of US forces in the country.[44][45]

The case was appealed to the Supreme Court and in December 2016 Japan's Supreme Court overturned the ban on SDF night flights. It upheld the damages awarded by the Tokyo High Court. The plaintiffs planned to file a fifth lawsuit as soon as February 2017.[46]

Organizing by residents continued[47]and in July 2017 it was reported that there were plans for around 6,000 local people to launch the fifth lawsuit against the government regarding noise from the base. Shuji Onami, leader of the plaintiffs, stated "Our lives are disrupted and are even put at risk whenever we are hit with booming noise (from aircraft) overhead. We will never accept the reality of the Atsugi base-related flights." It was also reported that 2,000 to 3,000 additional residents may also join the action at a later time.[48]

As of August 2017 6,063 nearby residents had joined the lawsuit.[49]

AnF-14 Tomcatassigned to the “Black Knights” of Fighter SquadronVF-154departs Naval Air Facility Atsugi on 24 September 2003.

Protests and complaints[edit]

In addition to the lawsuits over noise there have been a number of protests regarding the base. In July 1988 20,000 people made a human chain around the base to protest about noisy night landings at the base.[50][51]

In 2005Yamato cityofficials protested over noisy night landings fromF/A-18 Hornettraining.[52]

In 2007 theJapanese Communist Party(JCP) protested aboutF-16and F/A-18 exercises at the base, and asked that they be stopped.[53]

In 2013 the JCP also protested after a USNMH-60S Seahawkhelicopter from Atsugi crashed in Miura city, and asked thatBell Boeing V-22 Ospreysnot be deployed to Atsugi.[54]When Ospreys were sent to the base for training this also caused local protests.[55]

There were complaints in 2017 after children were allowed to touch machine guns on US helicopters during the May 2017 open day at Atsugi. City authorities from Ayase and Yamato cities complained, after which the machine guns were quickly removed.[56]

Friendship festival[edit]

During Spring Atsugi holds an open day. Non-Japanese visitors may be turned away from the gates for security reasons. Prospective attendees who are neither Japanese or American should bring identification and also consult theThird Country Nationallist to see if they require special approval to enter the base.

There was an "Atsugi WINGS" air show held until the year 2000, featuring the "diamond of diamonds" display by formations of US Navy aircraft.[57][58]This was last held in the year 2000. There were many complaints about aircraft noise and low-flying planes, and from 2001 onwards full-fledged flying displays were not held during the open day.[59]Currently there is a ground display of US Navy and JMSDF aircraft, as well as take-offs and landings by various aircraft, includingtouch-and-go landingpractice.

Carrier Air Wing Five[edit]

A US NavyMH-60S Seahawktraining flight

Atsugi hosts part ofCarrier Air Wing Five,part of aircraft carrier USSRonald Reagan'sair component. The wing includes about 70 aircraft and 2,000 military personnel who are stationed at Atsugi when the carrier is in port at Yokosuka. On 9 May 2008 the wing commander, Captain Michael P. McNellis, was relieved of command by Rear Admiral Richard B. Wren, commander of Commander Task Force 70, after the admiral said he lost confidence in McNellis' ability to command. McNellis was replaced by Captain Michael S. White.[60][61]In 2012 the squadrons of CVW 5 completed their transition to variants of the Super Hornet/Growler, making it the first air wing withoutlegacy Hornets.[62]

Relocation to Iwakuni[edit]

Since at least 2005 there have been plans to relocateCarrier Air Wing Five's approximately 60 fixed wing aircraft from Atsugi toMarine Corps Air Station IwakuniinYamaguchi prefecture.[63]Yamaguchi governor Sekinari Nii said there was "no way" Yamaguchi prefecture would accept this.[64]In 2006 Iwakuni voters rejected the plan in aplebiscite[65]andIwakunimayor Katsusuke Ihara urged Tokyo to drop the plan.[66]In 2007 the Japanese government passed legislation to prepare for the relocation of US Forces in Japan including subsidies for local affected areas.[67]

The move was planned to have been done in 2014, but after construction delays the move was delayed by three years, to 2017.[68][69][44]

The plan was for the move to take place in stages and be completed in May 2018.[70]The move did not include the wing's approximately 20 helicopters.

The move began in August 2017 with the fiveE-2D Hawkeyeaircraft ofVAW-125relocating to Iwakuni after the USSRonald Reagan's summer 2017 patrol. Around 3800 personnel were expected to move to Iwakuni.[71]

By 28 November three more squadrons relocated after theRonald Reagan's second patrol of 2017. The new squadrons were theF/A-18E Super Hornet-equippedVFA-115[72]andVFA-195and theEA-18G Growler-equippedVAQ-141.[73]Fleet Logistics Support SquadronVRC-30also relocated to MCASI by December 2017.

In March 2018 strike fighter squadronsVFA-27with theF/A-18E Super HornetandVFA-102with theF/A-18F Super Hornetarrived at MCAS Iwakuni, completing the move of CVW-5's fixed-wing aircraft squadrons.[74]

Tenant squadrons[edit]

Maritime Self Defence Force[edit]

JMSDFP-1patrol aircraft taking off from NAF Atsugi

As of 2018, the followingFleet Air Forceunits of theJapanese Maritime Self Defence Forceunits are based at NAF Atsugi:[75][76]

US Navy[edit]

As of 2018, the US Navy tenant commands at NAF Atsugi are:[77]

TwoSuper HornetsfromVFA-102at NAF Atusgi

Carrier Air Wing Five:(The fixed-wing squadrons and the carrier air wing staff have relocated toMarine Corps Air Station Iwakuni)

See also[edit]


References[edit]

  • Public DomainThis article incorporatespublic domain materialfrom theAir Force Historical Research Agency
  • Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History.ISBN0-89201-092-4.
  • AFHRA History search Atsugi
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